Sand fly captures with Disney traps in area of occurrence of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, mid-western Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The work was conducted to study phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in a forested area where Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis occurs, situated in the municipality of Bela Vista, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: The captures were conducted with modified Disney traps, using hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as bait, from May 2004 to January 2006. RESULTS: Ten species of phlebotomine sandflies were captured: Brumptomyia avellari, Brumptomyia brumpti, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Evandromyia bourrouli, Evandromyia lenti, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Psathyromyia campograndensis, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Psathyromyia shannoni and Sciopemyia sordellii. The two predominant species were Ev bourrouli (57.3%) and Bi flaviscutellata (41.4%), present at all sampling sites. Two of the 36 hamsters used as bait presented natural infection with Leishmania. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the results revealed the efficiency of Disney traps for capturing Bichromomyia flaviscutellata and the simultaneous presence of both vector and the Leishmania species transmitted by the same can be considered a predictive factor of the occurrence of leishmaniasis outbreaks for the human population that occupies the location.

As crianças e a internet. Crianças e tweens, as redes sociais e as ferramentas interactivas em Portugal - uma análise do canal temático ‘DISNEY CHANNEL PORTUGAL’

Trabalho projecto de mestrado em Novos Media e Práticas Web

Sand fly captures with Disney traps in area of occurrence of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, mid-western Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The work was conducted to study phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in a forested area where Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis occurs, situated in the municipality of Bela Vista, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: The captures were conducted with modified Disney traps, using hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as bait, from May 2004 to January 2006. RESULTS: Ten species of phlebotomine sandflies were captured: Brumptomyia avellari, Brumptomyia brumpti, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Evandromyia bourrouli, Evandromyia lenti, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Psathyromyia campograndensis, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Psathyromyia shannoni and Sciopemyia sordellii. The two predominant species were Ev bourrouli (57.3%) and Bi flaviscutellata (41.4%), present at all sampling sites. Two of the 36 hamsters used as bait presented natural infection with Leishmania. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the results revealed the efficiency of Disney traps for capturing Bichromomyia flaviscutellata and the simultaneous presence of both vector and the Leishmania species transmitted by the same can be considered a predictive factor of the occurrence of leishmaniasis outbreaks for the human population that occupies the location.

Modification of Disney trap for capture of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

This paper describes the modifications made to the original model of the Disney trap, with a view to easier handling of the same, greater practicability in the collection of sand flies, protection of the animal bait and durability of the trap in the field.

Un ratón de biblioteca : la traducción de los cómics de Disney en el Topolino italiano a finales de los años cuarenta

Este es un estudio cualitativo de la traducción de los cómics Disney al italiano, un case study que examina una historia larga publicada en 1949. La contextualización histórica introduce el entramado socio-cultural de la época apuntando a uno de los aspectos fundamentales de la historia de los cómics Disney en Italia, el de la progresiva “localización” ― esto es, la realización in loco ― de la producción. Una panorámica de los estudios sobre la traducción del cómic y de otras tipologías afines ayuda a definir el marco teórico en el que se inscribe el trabajo.La propuesta de clasificación, concebida de manera autónoma, guarda relación con los modelos causales de los Translation Studies. La hipótesis es que se trata de un caso de “difference in sameness”, o sea una operación original de conversión de un producto que se distancia de la traducción en la medida en que no parece buscar un efecto “equivalente”.

Estereotipos femeninos en Disney: hacia un cuento no sexista

En este trabajo se analizan los estereotipos sexistas detectados en los filmes de la factoría Disney. En este caso, debido a la extensión limitada que debe tener el Trabajo de Final de Grado, solo se analizan cuatro películas: Blancanieves y los siete enanitos, La Sirenita, La Bella y la Bestia, y Aladdín. Se comentan detalladamente los casos de sexismo lingüístico y se citan los casos de sexismo situacional que detectamos durante el visionado de las cintas. Se ofrece, también, una propuesta alternativa de lenguaje no sexista seguido de un breve comentario traductológico de cada una de las propuestas para demostrar que es posible trabajar con un lenguaje igualitario. Además, en este trabajo de investigación se exponen, también, una serie de problemas lingüísticos que por diversos motivos no se han podido solucionar.

Resurrecting Disney: Tracing Walt Disney‘s ever-present spirit in feature animated films of the Michael Eisner era (1984-2004)

El treball Ressuscitant a Disney: Rastrejant el sempre present esperit de Walt Disney en els llargmetratges animats de l'era Michael Eisner (1984-2004) pretén definir i analitzar les característiques, tant respecte al procés creatiu com en la definició de contingut, integrades en els clàssics originals de Disney per, a continuació, demostrar que aquestes van ser recuperades i implementades de nou després de la mort de Walt Disney -amb lleus adaptacions- per donar lloc a una segona edat d'or de l'animació

Hahmonimet hahmottumassa. Disney-piirroselokuvissa esiintyvien suomenkielisten henkilönnimien sananmuodostus, rakenne ja merkityssuhteet

Tämä pro gradu -tutkielma on vuosina 1936–1986 valmistuneiden 11 pitkän Disneypiirroselokuvan fiktiivisten hahmojen suomenkielisten nimien onomastinen tutkimus. Pyrin käsittelemään elokuvien hahmonnimien muodostusta, rakennetta ja merkitystä kognitiivisesta näkökulmasta. Aineistossani analysoimani elokuvien 112 hahmonnimeä ovat johdoksina, yhdyssanoina, kollokaatioina ja appellatiiveina esiintyviä henkilönnimiä. Korpukseeni keräämäni hahmonnimet esiintyvät eri nimityyppien kategorioissa joko varsinaisina niminä (esim. Kulkuri), titteleinä ja ammattia ilmaisevina niminä (esim. Suurherttua), sukulaisuutta ilmaisevina niminä (esim. Äiti Osteri), lempija kutsumaniminä (esim. Tipunen) tai kölliniminä (esim. Vanha Puskajussi). Otan historiallisen morfologian lähtökohdan ainestoni hahmonnimien sananmuodostukseen ja sovellan siihen kognitiivisia menetelmiä. Diakronisista diminutiivisista aineksista esimerkiksi ovat kehittyneet feminiinistävät tai affektiiviset johtimet, kuten -tAr tai -(i)nen. Esitän myös, että useat hahmonnimet kuvailevat tai luonnehtivat takoitettaan niiden sananmuodostustapojen tai appellatiivien perusteella. Johdinten, yhdys- tai kollokaatio-osien tai yksittäisten appellatiivien avulla voidaan nähdä, että nimenainekset kategorisoivat hahmonnimen kokonaan. Hahmonnimien rakenteesta osoitan, että johdosnimissä on sekä kategorisoiva että kategorisoitu nimenelementti. Funktionaalis-semanttisen luokittelumallin näkökulmasta osoitan, että kaikissa hahmonnimissä on joko luokitteleva tai yksilöivä nimenosa tai molemmat. Hahmonnimen kategoriointi perustuu sen nimenelementteihin ja -osiin. Hahmonnimien SUKUPUOLI-kategorioinnissa esimerkiksi naishahmon nimi (37 nimeä) on prototyyppisesti merkitty feminiiniksi joko johtimella (32 %) tai appellatiivilla (46 %), kun taas mieshahmon nimi (75 nimeä) on merkitty selvästi maskuliiniksi vain appellativeilla (44 %) tai on kokonaan merkitsemätön (46 %). Kategorioissa NAISPUOLINEN ja MIESPUOLINEN on myös sukupuolen todennäköisiä tunnusmerkitsijöitä. Tämän hahmonnimistön merkityssuhteet kognitiivisiin alueihin voivat olla joko suoria tai epäsuoria. Suora merkityssuhde koskee tarkoitteiden nimen nimenosiin heijastuvia transparentteja ominaispiirteitä (esim. Pahatar). Epäsuora merkityssuhde voi olla metaforinen, kuten ELÄIN ON IHMINEN (esim. Herttuatar), metonyyminen, kuten ÄÄNI EDUSTAA OLENTOA (esim. Helinä-keiju) tai symbolinen (esim. Tuhkimo). Esitän lisäksi yhden hahmonnimen merkityssuhteen, jossa on pakatun merkityssuhteen piirteitä.

Unca Don and Unca Scrooge’s Guide to History. Representations of the Past in the Disney Comics of Don Rosa

This thesis studies the various forms and layers of representations of the past that can be found in the Disney comics of Don Rosa. To stay true to the legacy of renowned comic book artist Carl Barks, Rosa has stopped time in the duck universe to the 1950’s: the decade when Barks created his most noted stories. There is a special feel of historicalness in Rosa’s duck stories, as his characters recall events that occurred in both Rosa’s own stories as well as Barks’. Rosa has shed new light to the past of the characters by writing and illustrating the history of Scrooge McDuck, one of the most beloved Disney characters. Rosa is also adamant that the historical facts used in his stories are always correct and based on thorough research. The methodological tools used in the analysis of the comics come from the fields of comic book studies, film theory, and history culture. Film and comics are recognized by many scholars as very similar media, which share elements that make them comparable in many ways. This thesis utilizes studies on historical film, narrative and genre, which provide valuable insight and comparisons for analysis. The thesis consists of three main chapters, the first of which deconstructs the duck universe in the stories in order to understand how the historicalness in them is created,and which outside elements might affect them, including the genre of Disney comics, publishers, and the legacy of Barks. The next chapter focuses on The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck series, i.e. the stories which are located in the past. Such stories feature similar representations of history as for example Westerns. They also compress and alter history to meet the restrictions of the medium of comics. The last part focuses on the adventure stories which draw inspiration from for example mythology, and take the characters to strange and mystical, but yet historical worlds. Such treasure-hunting stories show similarity to the action-adventure genre in film and for example their stereotypical representations of foreign cultures. Finally, the chapter addresses the problematic of historical fiction and its capability to write history.

"I might be a duck, but I'm human" : an analysis of clothing in Disney cartoons

Mickey Mouse, one of the world's most recognizable cartoon characters, did not wear a shirt in his earliest incarnation in theatrical shorts and, for many years, Donald Duck did not wear pants and still rarely does so. Especially when one considers the era in which these figures were first created by the Walt Disney Studio, in the 1920s and 1930s, why are they portrayed without full clothing? The obvious answer, of course, is that they are animals, and animals do not wear clothes. But these are no ordinary animals: in most cases, they do wear clothing - some clothing, at least - and they walk on two legs, talk in a more or less intelligible fashion, and display a number of other anthropomorphic traits. If they are essentially animals, why do they wear clothing at all? On the other hand, if these characters are more human than animal, as suggested by other behavioral traits - they walk, talk, work, read, and so on - why are they not more often fully clothed? To answer these questions I undertook three major research strategies used to gather evidence: interpretive textual analysis of 321 cartoons; secondary analysis of interviews conducted with the animators who created the Disney characters; and historical and archival research on the Disney Company and on the times and context in which it functioned. I was able to identify five themes that played a large part in what kind of clothing a character wore; first, the character's gender and/or sexuality; second, what species or "race" the character was; third, the character's socio-economic status; fourth, the degree to which the character was anthropomorphized; and, fifth, the context in which the character and its clothing appeared in a particular scene or narrative. I concluded that all of these factors played a part in determining, to some extent, the clothing worn by particular characters at particular times. However, certain patterns emerged from the analysis that could not be explained by these factors alone or in combination. Therefore, my analysis also investigates the individual and collective attitudes and desires of the men in the Disney studio who were responsible for creating these characters and the cultural conditions under which they were created. Drawing on literature from the psychoanalytic approach to film studies, I argue that the clothing choices spoke to an idealized fantasy world to which the animators (most importantly, Walt Disney himself), and possibly wider society, wanted to return.

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Critical Media Literacy and Disney Female Characters

The purpose of this research project was to use a qualitative approach to explore Critical Media Literacy (CML) with young girls by collaboratively analyzing Disney animated films. My goal was to provide a safe and encouraging space for children to share their perspectives and opinions of Disney animated female characters featured in The Little Mermaid (Ashman, Musker, & Clements, 1989), Cinderella (Disney, Geronimi, Jackson, & Luske, 1950), and The Princess and the Frog (Del Vecho, Clements, & Musker, 2009). I used CML as my theoretical framework as it provided an inquisitive approach to watching films, which, in turn, encouraged the participants to use critical thinking pertaining to the images of female characters in Disney. I also incorporated feminist theory as the majority of discussion revolved around the physical appearance of female characters as well as the participants’ understandings of femininity. I conducted two focus groups with 4 young girls, aged 7 to 11, to gain insight into their understanding of Disney female characters. An inquisitive and collaborative approach to watching films revealed three themes: (a) powerful women in Disney are mean and ugly; (b) heterosexual relationships are paramount; and (c) Disney Princesses are always pretty and nice. I concluded by recommending the importance of CML and collaborative film-watching with young children as the simplicity of asking questions encourages young people to become aware of, challenge, and think critically about the media they are consuming.

Desmontando a Disney : hacia el cuento coeducativo.

Tercer premio I concurso de materiales curriculares con valor coeducativo: premio Rosa Regás.Resumen basado en el de la publicación

La imagen corporativa como potencializador de la influencia de las multinacionales y sus países de origen en el Sistema Internacional caso de estudio Walt Disney y los Estados Unidos

A lo largo de éste análisis se va a demostrar que la imagen corporativa de una multinacional – como Walt Disney- moldea las estructuras sociales en las que se adapta mediante la penetración ideológica, a través de los patrones culturales, la promoción de valores e intereses de su país de origen, los Estados Unidos, lo cual puede incidir de manera directa en la posición y el rol que tiene éste país en las relaciones internacionales.

Policía y seguridad ciudadana en Canadá: de la fantasía de Disney a la represión

La Real Policía Montada (Royal Ca­nadian Mounted Police o Gendarmerie Royale du Canada) es quizás el primer y más importante ícono de la nacionalidad canadiense en un país cuyos símbolos patrios fueron creados recientemente después de la década de 1960. Mientras la Real Montada fue fundada en 1864, la tradicional bandera canadiense con la hoja del arce fue adoptada en 1964 y el himno nacional en 1980. Así, creció de la mano de la joven nación y aseguró la colonización hacia el oeste procurando la soberanía para la confederación que se inició en el siglo XIX. Esta institución hace parte de la iconografía de Canadá gracias a cientos de cuentos infantiles, tiras cómicas, películas y series de televisión que hicieron de esta policía un símbolo de orgullo, honestidad y devoción. El mítico sargento King de las tiras cómicas o la película que prota­gonizara Shirley Temple Susannah of the Mounties catapultaron esta idea positiva de la policía canadiense hasta el punto que Disney compró por algunos años los dere­chos del famoso uniforme de casaca roja, pantalón azul marino con raya amarilla y el sombrero de ala ancha y plana. Sin embargo, el panorama de la policía en Canadá es más complejo del que a sim­ple vista representa esta imagen idílica. La coexistencia de diferentes cuerpos de po­licía, las actividades encubiertas en contra de los independentistas quebequéses o los intentos frustrados por implementar algu­nas reformas en las políticas de seguridad son la otra cara de la moneda. Aun así, en términos estadísticos la policía canadien­se es una de las mejores dotadas, pagas y organizadas en el mundo. Los índices delincuenciales y los sentimientos de inse­guridad son bajos y una doble estrategia de inversión social y gasto en seguridad ciu­dadana y orden público han dado réditos tangibles. Este artículo pretende dibujar una síntesis de la policía y la seguridad ciudadana en Canadá señalando las con­tradicciones y desajustes de su evolución así como los logros alcanzados.