998 resultados para Diplomatic documents


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At head of title: Carnegie endowment for international peace. Divison of international law.

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pt. 1. Diplomatic documents selected and transcribed by a seminar of the London School of Economics.--pt. 2. Ministerial and judicial records selected and transcribed by a seminar of the London School of Economics.

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S 2:Ar 2

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The study is focused on an analysis of the major diplomatic documents from the mid eighteenth century to the present as regards Sri Lanka, or Ceylon as it was known till 1972. The objectives of the study are to identify the issues underlying these diplomatic documents. These include the political and strategic factors and other subsidiary issues like trade and commerce relevant at the time these treaties, agreements, and proposed treaties were formulated. It is also a geopolitical study as it relates to Sri Lanka's geographical position in the Indian Ocean, and her possession of the Trincomalee Harbour on its east coast, which is one of the great natural harbours of the world. Over the centuries this harbour has had significant strategic value for naval deployments. The case study of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries studies the diplomatic documents against the political and strategic background for the French Revolution and actions of Napoleon, and the Anglo/French rivalry, spreading from Europe to North America and Asia. In the twentieth century the environment for studying the place of Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean was created by the Russian Revolution, the failure to keep the peace of Versailles after World War I, the conflict and horrors of World War II which led to the disintegration of European colonial empires in Asia and Africa, and the tensions generated by the Cold War. A study of the documents would reveal that in international relations what matters is the ability of a party to promote its interests, and this depends on its power. This realist approach contrasts to the idealist approach where policies are based on moral and ethical principles. For the realist the states should follow to protect their interests and to survive. To achieve this is to strive for a ‘balance of power’. To do so is to form a favourable alliance system. As the documents examined cover a period from the mid-eighteenth century to the later part of the twentieth century, they reflect the changing technologies that have had an influence on naval and military matters. For example, this period witnessed great changes in technology of energy utilized to propel warships, from wind, to steam, to fuel and finally to nuclear power. These changes had an influence in determining strategic policies involving weapon systems and communications within a global and regional setting. The period covered was the beginning of the process described a ‘globalisation’. Its idea is not unique to this century; there were many attempts, in various times of history, to integrate societies within a global context. Viewed in this light, the Anglo-French rivalry of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was the indication of a global naval strategy, in which Sri Lanka was a major factor in the Indian Ocean region. This process was associated with the phenomena called the ‘expansion of Europe’. It covered all the oceans of the world and in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries led to the founding of the largest maritime empire the world has ever seen: The British Empire. After World War I, the British naval strength (the basis of the British Empire) and her consequent position as a great power, was challenged by other powers like the United States of America and Japan. After World War II, the US Navy was supreme: and there was a close alliance between Britain and the USA. The strength of the US/British alliance was based on the navy and its bases, which were spread throughout the globe; to project power, and act as deterrence and balancing force. Sri Lanka, due to her strategic position, was a part of this evolving process, and was tied to a global strategy (with its regional connotations) from the eighteenth century to the present.

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A chegada de imigrantes japoneses ao Peru, a bordo do navio Sakura Maru, em 1899, para trabalharem nas fazendas da costa peruana, coincide com os anos áureos da exploração da borracha na Amazônia, o que fez essa região atrativa aos migrantes que não permaneceram nessas fazendas. No mesmo ano da chegada do navio Sakura Maru, 91 desses imigrantes se deslocaram para o atual departamento de Madre de Dios ao sul da Amazônia peruana. Passado o ciclo da exploração da borracha, muitos imigrantes japoneses permaneceram na Amazônia e em Madre de Dios se estabeleceram ao redor de Puerto Maldonado, surgindo uma próspera comunidade japonesa que se mantêm até hoje. Na época da exploração da borracha alguns japoneses migraram para o atual estado do Acre (Brasil), chamados de Peru kudari (os descidos do Peru), mas poucos se fixaram, espalhando-se, após a queda da economia da borracha, por outros lugares do Brasil e outros países. Assim, esta tese pretende demonstrar que a migração de japoneses para o departamento de Madre de Dios, na Amazônia peruana, e o surgimento e consolidação de uma comunidade de japoneses em Puerto Maldonado (capital desse departamento), foram causados por três fatores principais: 1) Uma política contínua em prol da imigração japonesa para o Peru durante as primeiras décadas do século XX voltada para prover mão-de-obra nas fazendas de cana-de-açúcar e algodão da costa; 2) Envolvimento dos imigrantes japoneses em atividades econômicas demandadas durante a expansão da exploração da borracha na Amazônia peruana; e 3) Fortalecimento dessas atividades após a queda da economia da borracha para garantir o fornecimento de produtos necessários à população remanescente, inclusive, substituindo produtos não mais importados ou fornecidos por grandes empresas. Esses fatores não foram encontrados entre japoneses que avançaram até o Acre (Brasil), não conseguindo, portanto, a fixação de comunidades japonesas que permanecessem até a atualidade. As fontes utilizadas para a realização do estudo foram compostas de literatura sobre os movimentos migratórios internacionais, dados dos censos peruanos e brasileiros, jornais da época, documentos diplomáticos, e relatórios provinciais, entre outras. A tese é um estudo de demografia histórica utilizando dados quantitativos e qualitativos, na busca da compreensão do processo histórico do objeto pesquisado, com intuito de explicar os desdobramentos que ocorreram nas comunidades de imigrantes japoneses tanto em Madre de Dios (Peru) quanto no Acre (Brasil).

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Cover title.

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"February 7, 1817, ordered to be printed for the use of the Senate." Message addressed to the Senate and dated February 7th, 1817. Consists of the covering letter from the President and a report from the Secretary of State, dated Department of State, February 5th, 1817; which itself consists largely of diplomatic correspondence between the United States and Great Britain Relates to the restitution of captured slaves by the British during the War of 1812-1814.

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Appendices: A. The sixth convention of the Second Peace Conference held at The Hague in 1907.--B. The Naval prize act, 1864. The Prize Court act, 1894. The Prize Court (procedure) act, 1914.--C. Sections from the Customs act.--D. The Declaration of London. General report on the Declaration of London, presented to the Naval Conference.--E. The War measures act, 1914. The Finance act, 1914. The Dominion notes act, 1914.--F. Patents of invention in enemy countries.--G. French moratorium. French contraband.