Caracterização morfológica do fruto, semente e morfofunção de plântulas de sapoteira-preta (Diospyros ebenaster Retz.)

Diospyros ebenaster, originária do México e América Central, família Ebenaceae, é conhecida como sapota-preta. Os frutos podem ser consumidos in natura ou em sucos, como fonte de vitamina C. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a morfologia do fruto, da semente e do processo germinativo da espécie. Os frutos foram caracterizados quanto à coloração, textura, consistência e teor de água no pericarpo, deiscência, massa, partes constituintes e dimensões. Para as sementes considerou-se: Massa, coloração, textura e consistência do tegumento, forma, presença e tipo de tecido de reserva e tipo, coloração, forma e posição do embrião. A descrição das plântulas foi realizada a partir da emissão da raiz primária até a expansão dos primeiros eófilos e início de fenecimento dos cotilédones. O fruto é carnoso, indeiscente, do tipo baga, polispérmico, globoso e achatado nos pólos. O epicarpo é liso, delgado e esverdeado. O comprimento médio dos frutos é 8,8 cm, o diâmetro médio 8,6 cm e a massa de 263 g. As sementes apresentam tegumento liso e cor castanho-médio. A massa de 100 sementes é 100,6 g. O comprimento médio das sementes é 2,2 cm, com 1,3 cm de largura. Possuem endosperma branco-Transparente e oleaginoso. O embrião é esbranquiçado e a germinação é epígea.

Patogenicidade cruzada de Ceratobasidium spp. do caquizeiro (Diospyros kaki) e do chá(Camellia sinensis) e reação de cultivares de caqui ao patógeno

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Paronychia revoluta, a new species of caryophyllaceae from Brazil

A new species of Paronychia, P revollita, from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is described and illustrated. This species is closely related to P camphorosmoides, distinguished from it by linear-subulate leaves with a revolute margin and prominent midribs. It is also allied to P. fascicidata, from which it differs in the lanceolate, acuminate, fimbriate, and whitish stipules, and linear-subulate leaves.

Avaliação fenológica de dez variedades de caquizeiro Diospyros kaki L. e propagação por estaquia em regiões tropicais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização biométrica e germinação de mabolo (Diospyros blancoi Willd)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Der japanische Kakibaum oder die Persimone (Diospyros Kaki)

Von Herbert Koch

Description of the fruit of Cycas revoluta.

Transactions of the Linnean society, 1802, vi, 312-315.

Quelques remarques au sujet des Plaqueminiers (Diospyros) cultivés à l'air libre dans les jardins de l'Europe,

Extracted from Paris. Museum d'histoire naturelle. Nouvelles archives. 2e sér., t. iii, 1880.

Changes in enzymatic activity, accumulation of proteins and softening of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) flesh as a function of pre-cooling acclimatization.

One of the major causes of ?Fuyu? persimmon loss after cold storage (CS) is the breakdown of its flesh, which results in the production of a translucent fruit (a water-soaked fruit). It is believed that the cause of this disturbance is linked to disorganization of the cytoskelet and endomembrane system, which changes the synthesis and transport of proteins and metabolites, resulting in incomplete ripening. To test this hypothesis, ?Fuyu? persimmon was subjected to three different postharvest treatments (T): Control ? harvested and kept at 23±3 ◦C and relative humidity (RH) of 85±5% (room temperature, RT) for 12 days, T1 ? harvested and kept under cold storage (CS) (1±1 ◦C and RH of 85±5%) for 30 days followed by RT storage for 2 days, T2 ? kept under RT for 2 days (acclimatization) followed by CS for 30 days. Control and T2 resulted in fruit with decreased flesh firmness (FF), and increased soluble solids (SS) and ascorbic acid (AA) contents. In these fruit the activity of endo-1,4-ß-glucanase (endo-1,4-ß-gluc), pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG) and ß-galactosidase (ß-gal) increased. T1 resulted in translucent fruit with decreased FF, without any enzymatic activity changes, probably due to the physical disruption of the cytoskeleton. Further, there was an increased content of proteins corresponding to expansins in fruit kept under Control and T2 conditions, which suggests that these conditions do contribute to the synthesis and/or transport of proteins involved in the process of solubilization of the cell wall. In these fruit, there was also a major accumulation of gene transcripts corresponding to heat shock proteins (HSPs) of organelles related to endomembrane, which suggests participation of these genes in the prevention of damage caused by cold conditions. These data proved the hypotheses that acclimatization contributes to the expression of HSPs, and synthesis and transportat of proteins involved in the solubilization of the cell wall. The expression of these genes results in the normal ripening of the persimmon, as confirmed by the evolution of ethylene production.

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with persimmon Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae) in Southern Brazil.

Temperate fruit production is an important economic activity in Southern Brazil. In this region, persimmon Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae) is grown in small farms for domestic consumption and internal market. Mealybugs are o*en found in at least 50% of the orchards causing damages on fruits due to the honeydew secretion. However, there is a lack of informatin about species composition damaging orchards in Southern Brazil. In this work, we present a survey of mealybugs associated with persimmon trees in the Serra Gaúcha Region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

First report of shoot blight of persimmon caused by Diaporthe neotheicola in Australia

Shoot blight symptom was found on persimmon (Diospyros kaki) in southern Western Australia in December 2010. The pathogen was isolated and identified as Diaporthe neotheicola on the basis of morphology, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF). A pathogenicity test was conducted and Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolation of the fungus from diseased tissues. This is the first report of D. neotheicola causing shoot blight on persimmon in Australia and worldwide. © 2012 Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc.

中国苏铁属系统学研究

本文系统地总结了分布于我国的苏铁属13种植物的形态和地理分布，并在此基础上进行了解剖，微形态和生化分析。此外，还用表征分类的方法探讨了属内亲缘关系。结合古植物和古地理的知识对性状演化趋势和现代分布格局的成因进行了讨论。本文主要结论如下： 1．从种子蛋白电泳结果表明，所有现存苏铁类植物在39.8kd- 49.5kd之间均有—连续分布的混合多肽，为苏铁类所特有。杂种后代在种子蛋白电泳结果上可以表现出来。种子蛋白多肽分布在苏铁属内差异非常小，在属间差异明显，根据属间多肽距离确定苏铁属的分化较早，系统位置比较孤立。 2．形态特征表征分类结果表明攀枝花苏铁、台东苏铁、苏铁和篦齿苏铁应分在一组Sect.Asiotientales。组Sect.lndosinensis中的广东苏铁与、海南苏铁的亲缘关系较近。通过对叶表皮的观察，发现苏铁屑内植物有两种气孔类型：一种是以C.revoluta为代表的具气孔外拱盖的I型气孔，II型气孔无气孔外拱盖，为属内多数植物所具有;叶解剖的结果表明叉叶苏铁和多歧苏铁小叶中具树脂道，叶表皮和叶解剖的结果都支持台东苏铁成立。 3.攀枝花苏铁与把关河苏铁应为同一种，贵州苏铁与四川苏铁很相似，初步处理为一种，采用C.szechuanensis为学名。 4．苏铁类性状演化不均衡，染色体进化与形态进化不同步。结合化石证据确定，具掌状大孢子叶、二叉分枝脉的叉叶苏铁是现存苏铁属内最原始的类群. 5．苏铁属花粉均为远极球形单沟或舟形单沟，外壁表面纹饰为小的凹穴，种间共性明显，只在大小和形状上有微小差别。

点源污染对三峡库区陆生植物群落的影响

三峡库区一些污染严重的工业企业是当地主要的点源污染源，对周围植物群落产生了巨大危害，而植物是生态系统赖以存在的基础，它的生长发育直接影响到生态系统的结构及其正常功能的实现。本研究按照与点源污染源的距离为梯度，通过在三峡库区兴山县白沙河磷化工厂周围布设了32个植物群落固定样地，并以点源污染无法影响到的植物群落为对照，进行样地的野外群落学调查;在每个样地取不同种植物叶片100克左右和样地0~20cm土壤500克，以石灰滤纸法同步进行大气氟化物的取样。样品带回室内应用氟离子选择电极法，测定大气氟化物含量、植物叶片氟的累积量和土壤水溶性氟的含量。同时在野外调查时使用PAM2100叶绿素荧光仪测定植物最大光化学效率即Fv/Fm的值。通过野外调查试验和相关的室内分析，研究了（1）：点源污染对三峡库区陆生植物群落组成和物种多样性的影响;（2）：点源污染中的主要污染物对植物及土壤环境的影响;（3）：不同物种叶片最大光化学效率Fv/Fm对污染胁迫响应的差异。结果如下： 点源污染对植物群落物种丰富度以及Pielou均匀度指数均有不同程度的影响，对于群落结构相对简单的马尾松林和柏木林的不利影响更为显著。相对于污染区来说，对照区中物种重要值的集中程度有所下降。许多物种的重要值在污染区与对照区有明显的变化。马尾松（Pinus massoniana）、檵木（Loropetalum chinense ）、铁仔（Myrsine africana）、卷柏（Selaginella tamariscina ）等对照区重要值较污染区为高，黄檀（Dalbergia hupeana ）、菱叶海桐（Pittosporum truncatum）、君迁子（Diospyros lotus）等污染区的重要值较对照区为高。群落中有些物种比如柏木（Cupressus funebris）的天然更新也受到污染的影响。 污染区土壤pH值大多低于对照区，但是与离污染源距离的相关性不强。污染区有些物种比如马尾松、柏木等叶片中的全氟含量与大气中氟化物的含量和土壤水溶性氟含量明显正相关。但是另外有些物种氟的累积量受点源污染的影响不显著，比如菱叶海桐、翅柃（Eurya alata）等在污染严重的样地内生存状况仍然很好。 在距离点源污染近的样地内，大多数物种的最大光化学效率Fv/Fm的值显著下降。栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）、马尾松和柏木等的Fv/Fm值与距污染源的距离呈明显的正相关，都是随着离污染源越来越近而逐渐降低。根据污染区相对对照区Fv/Fm值下降幅度的不同，把植物划分为三种类型：对污染敏感型如柏木、铁仔、檵木等，中等敏感型如油桐（Vernicia fordii）、香叶树（Lindera communis）和不敏感型如山胡椒（Lindera glauca）和 蝴蝶花（Iris japonica）等。