Determinação da difusividade térmica de um solo incorporado com resíduo de E.T.A

Pós-graduação em Física - IGCE

Processamento do alho negro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desidratação de polpa de manga em leito de espuma com e sem intermitência térmica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Composito de poliuretano de mamona e residuo industrial para isolacao termica e absorcao sonora

This work proposes the development of an innovative material made from a vegetable polyurethane matrix and load of industrial waste, from retread tires, for thermal insulation and environmental comfort. Experimental procedures are presented, as well as the results of the thermal and acoustic performance of this composite material, made from an expansive foam derived from the castor seed oil and fiber of scrap tires. The residue was treated superficially with sodium hydroxide, to eliminate contaminants, and characterized macroscopically and microscopically. Samples were produced with addition of residues at levels of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight, for determination of thermal properties: conductivity, heat capacity and thermal diffusivity, sound absortion index and density. The results were compared to commercially available thermal insulation and sound absorbing products. According to the analysis of results, it was concluded that the developed composite presents characteristics that qualify it as a thermal insulation with superior performance, compared to commercial available insulation, and sound absorption capacity greater than the castor oil polyurethane s, without addition of the residue

Desenvolvimento de um sistema de detecção fotoacústico utilizando dois microfones: aplicações em medidas de difusividade térmica

Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se um sistema de detecção fotoacústico para medidas simultâneas e independentes dos sinais fotoacústicos dianteiro e traseiro, utilizando dois microfones e um único feixe de excitação. Utiliza-se a diferença de fase entre estes sinais para a determinação da difusividade térmica de materiais, com base na abordagem teórica da técnica da Diferença de Fase dos Dois Feixes (T2F). Na metodologia apresentada não há a necessidade de se alternar o feixe de excitação entre as faces da amostra. Esta característica torna mais rápido o procedimento de medida e simplifica o monitoramento automatizado de processos dinâmicos que afetam a difusividade térmica do material, como a cura de resinas poliméricas. É apresentado o procedimento utilizado para determinar a diferença entre as fases intrínsecas dos microfones e o método empregado para compensar tal diferença e, assim, obter a defasagem entre os sinais fotoacústicos dianteiro e traseiro. O sistema de detecção desenvolvido é avaliado em medidas de difusividade térmica de amostras metálicas (aço inoxidável AISI 304 e aço SAE 1020) e poliméricas (polipropileno e polietileno de baixa densidade). Os resultados obtidos concordam de forma satisfatória com dados disponíveis na literatura. Finalmente, a aplicação do sistema proposto ao monitoramento de cura de amostras de resina epóxi indicou sua potencialidade de acompanhar, em tempo real, este tipo de processo dinâmico.

Reação-difusão com difusividade variável para oxidação de silício

Neste trabalho, propomos uma modificação do modelo de reação-difusão (R. M. C. de Almeida et al., Physics Review B, 61, 19 (2000)) incluindo difusividade variável com o objetivo principal de predizer, ou no mínimo descrever melhor, o crescimento de oxido de Si no regime de filmes nos. Estudamos o modelo reação-difusão a coeficiente de difusão, D, fixo e D variável. Estudamos extensivamente o modelo reação-difusão com D fixo caracterizando seu comportamento geral, e resolvendo numericamente o modelo com D variável para um intervalo amplo de relações DSiO2=DSi. Ambos casos apresentam comportamento assintótico parabólico das cinéticas. Obtivemos as equações analíticas que regem o regime assintótico de tais casos. Ambos os modelos apresentam interface não abrupta. Comparações das cinéticas com o modelo linear-parabólico e com dados experimentais foram feitas, e também para as espessuras da interface. Contudo nenhum dos dois modelos de reação-difusãao, com D fixo e com D varáavel, podem explicar a região de filmes nos, que possui taxa de crescimento superior a taxa de crescimento da região assintótica. Porém, ao incluir taxa de reação variável dentro do modelo de reação-difusão com D variável, este aponta para uma solução do regime de filmes nos.

Influencia da ativaçao acida na estabilidade termica de hibridos vermiculita/epoxido

ALVES, Ana Paula de M. ; GERMANO, A. F. S. ; ARAKAKI, L N H ; Ferreira, U. V. S. ; ARAUJO, A. S. Influencia da ativaçao acida na estabilidade termica de hibridos vermiculita/epoxido. In: CONGRESSO NACIONAL DE ANLISETERMICA E CALORIMETRIA, 7., 2010, São Pedro, SP. Anais... Sao Pedro, SP: ABRATEC, 2010

Degradacao termica e catalitica da borra oleosa de Petroleo com materiais nanoestruturados al-mcm-41 e AL-SBA-15

Aiming to reduce and reuse waste oil from oily sludge generated in large volumes by the oil industry, types of nanostructured materials Al-MCM-41 and Al-SBA-15, with ratios of Si / Al = 50, were synthesized , and calcined solids used as catalysts in the degradation of oily sludge thermocatalytic oil from oilfield Canto do Amaro, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Samples of nanostructured materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared Fourier transform (FT-IR) and adsorption nitrogen (BET). The characterization showed that the synthesized materials resulted in a catalyst nanostructure, and ordered pore diameter and surface area according to existing literature. The oily sludge sample was characterized by determining the API gravity and sulfur content and SARA analysis (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes). The results showed a material equivalent to the average oil with API gravity of 26.1, a low sulfur content and considerable amount of resins and asphaltenes, presented above in the literature. The thermal and catalytic degradation of the oily sludge oil was performed from room temperature to 870 ° C in the ratios of heating of 5, 10 and 20 ° C min-1. The curves generated by TG / DTG showed a more accelerated degradation of oily sludge when it introduced the nanostructured materials. These results were confirmed by activation energy calculated by the method of Flynn-Wall, in the presence of catalysts reduced energy, in particular in the range of cracking, showing the process efficiency, mainly for extraction of lightweight materials of composition of oily sludge, such as diesel and gasoline

Formação de particulas submicrometricas de pmma por cristalização termica de solução polimérica

Polymer particles in the nanometer range are of fundamental interest today, especially when used as carrier systems in the controlled release of drugs, cosmetics and nutraceuticals, as well as in coating materials with magnetic properties. The main objective of the present study concerns the production of submicron particles of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by crystallization of a polymer solution by thermally controlled cooling. In this work, PMMA solutions in ethanol and 1-propanol were prepared at different concentrations (1% to 5% by weight) and crystallized at different cooling rates (0.2 to 0.8 ° C / min) controlled linearly. Analysis of particle size distribution (DLS / CILAS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed in order to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the produced particles. The results demonstrated that it is possible to obtain submicron polymer perfectly spherical particles using the technique discussed in this study. It was also observed that, depending on the cooling rate and the concentration of the polymer solution, it is possible to achieve high yield in the formation of submicron particles. In addition, preliminary tests were performed in order to verify the ability of this technique to form particulated carrier material with magnetic properties. The results showed that the developed technique can be an interesting alternative to obtain polymer particles with magnetic properties

Propriedades fisicas do monocristal fe/mgo(100) e estudo da expansao termica da superficie da ag(100)

In this work we have developed a way to grow Fe/MgO(100) monocrystals by magnetron sputtering DC. We investigated the growing in a temperature range among 100 oC and 300 oC. Structural and magneto-crystalline properties were studied by different experimental techniques. Thickness and surface roughness of the films were investigated by atomic force microscopy, while magneto-crystalline properties were investigated by magneto-optical Kerr effect and ferromagnetic resonance. Our results show that as we increase the deposition temperature, the magneto-crystalline anisotropy of the films also increases, following the equation of Avrami. The best temperature value to make a film is 300 oC. As the main result, we built a base of magnetoresistence devices and as an aplication, we present measurements of Fe/Cr/Fe trilayer coupling. In a second work we investigated the temperature dependence of the first three interlayer spacings of Ag(100) surface using low energy electron diffraction. A linear expansion model of crystal surface was used and the values of Debye temperatures of the first two layers and thermal expansion coefficient were determinated. A relaxation of 1% was found for Ag(100) surface and these results are matched with faces (110) and (111) of the silver. iv

ESTABILIDADE TERMICA DO PARACETAMOL EM SOLUCAO: CROMATOGRAFIA EM CAMADA DELGADA (CCD) - ESPECTROFOTOMETRIA ULTRAVIOLETA

The interference practised by the products in degradation of paracetemol when there is the application of spectrophotometry UV is the main obstruction to the execution of studies of thermic stability. The application of chromatography in slender layer to the isolation of paracetamol, besides being the excessively hard to apply was satisfactory to the desired proposal. The type and extension of degradation suffered by paracetamol in solution suggest the convenient inclusion, in the formulations, of one system antioxidant. This practice makes possible the blockage of the oxidation of p-aminophenol, produced by the hydrolytic degradation of paracetamol; this fact propitiated the diminution of the number of products of degradation in the medicine, making the use more secure. On the other hand, considering especially the methodological necessities of the present work, the presence of one antioxidant system facilitated the separation of paracetamol through the Thin Layer Chromatography and consequently optimized its quantification by Spectrophotometry UV during the study of thermic stability. The formulation proposed revealed excellent stability.

Medida da difusividade térmica de um solo incorporado com resíduo industrial de silicato

Pós-graduação em Física - IGCE

Redução de consumo de energia eletrica a partir de reaproveitamento de energia termica com uso de ciclo rankine orgânico

This paper is proposed the usage of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) along with waste heat recovery from an inconstant heat source. This method of waste heat recovery with intermittent heat source is part of a technical viability study. This paper also brings up the usage of thermal energy storage as heat source for the ORC. This paper is based on a heat treatment company study in which a natural gas furnace is explored. Data such as mass flow, temperature and specific waste gas heat from this furnace are used through calculations. Calculations are made also based on furnace cycles. This viability study considers a series of working fluids such as ammonia, benzene, R113 and R134a. Results point out that ORC with out thermal storage and using refrigerant fluid ammonia is the best alternative

Applicazione di una metodologia LCA all'impiego di biomasse legnose a fini energetici: un confronto tra la produzione di energia termica da cippato e da pellet

Con questo studio si è volto effettuare un confronto tra la generazione di energia termica a partire da cippato e da pellet, con particolare riferimento agli aspetti di carattere ambientale ed economico conseguenti la produzione delle due differenti tipologie di combustibile. In particolare, si sono ipotizzate due filire, una di produzione del cippato, una del pellet, e per ciascuna di esse si è condotta un'Analisi del Ciclo di Vita, allo scopo di mettere in luce, da un lato le fasi del processo maggiormente critiche, dall'altro gli impatti sulla salute umana, sugli ecosistemi, sul consumo di energia e risorse. Quest'analisi si è tradotta in un confronto degli impatti generati dalle due filiere al fine di valutare a quale delle due corrisponda il minore. E' stato infine effettuato un breve accenno di valutazione economica per stimare quale tipologia di impianto, a cippato o a pellet, a parità di energia prodotta, risulti più conveniente.