Die Galvano caustik ein Beitrag zur operativen Medicin /

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Elaboración de una batería diagnóstico-analítica de lectura : estado inicial del aprendizaje.

Elaborar una batería diagnóstico-analítica de lectura para el estadio inicial del aprendizaje lector. Con dicha batería se quiere diagnosticar si el alumno ha superado o no esta etapa lectora e identificar el carácter específico de la dificultad discente en las conductas lectoras a dominar durante la etapa inicial de la lectura. Se delimita la población a los alumnos de primero de EGB que utilizan el castellano como lengua en el aprendizaje lector y como lengua instrumental de la enseñanza en general. En la primera fase la muestra es de 168 alumnos de primero de EGB y 130 de segundo de parvulario, en la segunda fase es de 497 alumnos y 136 respectivamente. En una primera fase estudia el proceso lector, sintetiza aquellos factores más importantes asociados al rendimiento lector, estudia la evaluación del proceso lector, revisa pruebas de lectura en varios idiomas, analiza los objetivos lectores propuestos por la normativa legal vigente. Analiza libros de texto utilizados en el nivel inicial lector. Primera aplicación de subtests, reelaboración. Segunda aplicación (se establece validez, fiabilidad e interpretación). Presenta interpretación de puntuaciones de tipo normativa y criterial. En la batería se estudia: discriminación visual, discriminación auditiva, correspondencia grafema fonema, correspondencia acústico-gráfica de palabras, vocabulario, comprensión de frases, comprensión lectura silenciosa, lectura oral. Bibliografía. Batería de tests ad hoc. Lectura bibliográfica para la introducción teórica. Análisis de contenido. Estudio descriptivo de los resultados de la fase experimental. Estudio de la fiabilidad (método Hoyt), de la validez (de contenido, de construcción, concurrente). Análisis de los ítems. Se cree haber cubierto suficientemente el objetivo inicial. Los resultados obtenidos en la capacidad discriminativa de la prueba cualifica a esta batería como un instrumento muy valioso para su propósito diagnóstico-analítico. Las perspectivas de trabajo futuras más interesantes se enmarcan dentro de los nuevos modelos de procesos de análisis técnico, desarrollados unos y en vías de desarrollo otros, de instrumentos referidos al criterio.

Aplicación y evaluación de la metodología de Reuven Feuerstein : el enriquecimiento instrumental.

Aumentar el potencial de aprendizaje y la capacidad de reflexión en aquellos alumnos que fracasan en la EGB a través de la metodología de R. Feuerstein. Ésta va dirigida a cambiar la estructura cognitiva de los individuos tratados para que sean sensibles a los estímulos y experiencias que se les presenten, aprendan a aprender, a ser lo menos impulsivos posible y a hacer de la reflexión un hábito constante en ellos. La experimentación se ha realizado en: dos centros públicos de EGB: XXV Años de Paz y Narciso Alonso Cortés; un centro de Educación Especial: Centro Provincial de Educación Especial de Buecillo; Colegio privado Ave María de las Madres Carmelitas; un centro privado de diagnóstico y orientación (CEMCO). Formación de grupos experimentales y control, midiendo su homogeneidad. La selección de ellos se ha hecho de acuerdo con el criterio de ordenación de las muestras estratificadas (siendo los estratos los colegios o cursos a los cuales pertenecen los sujetos). Dicha ordenación se ha realizado lexicográficamente, de acuerdo con los tests: factor G, y los subtests E, R y V del PMA, y por este orden de prioridad. Una vez hecha la ordenación, se han seleccionado para el grupo experimental y control los pares o impares tomados al azar. Para contrastar la homogeneidad de los grupos experimental y control, se ha elegido la medida complementaria de diferencias significativas en cada una de las pruebas a las que han sido sometidos los sujetos: TEA 1 y 2, factor G 2, PMA, prueba de comprensión lectora de dos primeros instrumentos de la metodología de R. Feuerstein: organización de puntos y orientación en el espacio. Las actividades realizadas con los distintos grupos control han sido juegos y entretenimientos que exigen pensar, variando estos según las características de los grupos. Debido al poco tiempo de aplicación de la metodología, el enriquecimiento instrumental de Reuven Feuerstein, no pueden valorarse cuantitativamente los resultados, esperando a hacerlo al final de los dos años de experimentación directa del método. Relativo al trabajo de experimentación: necesidad de aumentar el personal docente para hacer trabajos experimentales, crear departamentos de Psico-pedagogía en centros de EGB e instalar en ellos equipos multiprofesionales. En cuanto a la metodología experimentada, el enriquecimiento instrumental del Reuven Feuerstein: reduce la impulsividad, los instrumentos de trabajo del método son motivadores, su metodología de impulsar a descubrir hace al alumno más capaz, crece y se autoafirma, desarrolla los procesos cognitivos, se puede aplicar el trabajo a la vida diaria, el profesor y su metodología son fundamentales, los grupos reducidos favorecen la interrelación.

Metodología de disgnóstico de humedades: La inspección higrotérmica con ayuda instrumental

El presente trabajo explica el método instrumental de inspección higrotérmica utilizado por las autoras en el diagnóstico de humedades en edificios históricos. Este método es, hasta el momento, el único que puede cuantificar de modo aproximado la intensidad de evaporación de muros y soleras, y permite asimismo hacer seguimiento de los edificios una vez completada la intervención Se utiliza para ello la toma de lecturas instrumentales mediante termohigrómetro, siguiendo un protocolo específico de toma de datos, análisis de los valores obtenidos, e interpretación de los resultados, cartografiando los focos sobre planos del edificio La utilidad del método se ilustra con casos de inspección y diagnóstico realizados en los últimos años, en algunos edificios de patrimonio

The impact of institutional, instrumental and interpersonal underpinnings on network dynamics and outcomes

Networks form a key part of the infrastructure of contemporary governance arrangements and, as such, are likely to continue for some time. Networks can take many forms and be formed for many reasons. Some networks have been explicitly designed to generate a collective response to an issue; some arise from a top down perspective through mandate or coercion; while others rely more heavily on interpersonal relations and doing the right thing. In this paper, these three different perspectives are referred to as the “3I”s: Instrumental, Institutional or Interpersonal. It is proposed that these underlying motivations will affect the process dynamics within the different types of networks in different ways and therefore influence the type of outcomes achieved. This proposition is tested through a number of case studies. An understanding of these differences will lead to more effective design, management and clearer expectations of what can be achieved through networks.

Characterisation of soils with the use of instrumental techniques : a multivariate forensic study

The value of soil evidence in the forensic discipline is well known. However, it would be advantageous if an in-situ method was available that could record responses from tyre or shoe impressions in ground soil at the crime scene. The development of optical fibres and emerging portable NIR instruments has unveiled a potential methodology which could permit such a proposal. The NIR spectral region contains rich chemical information in the form of overtone and combination bands of the fundamental infrared absorptions and low-energy electronic transitions. This region has in the past, been perceived as being too complex for interpretation and consequently was scarcely utilized. The application of NIR in the forensic discipline is virtually non-existent creating a vacancy for research in this area. NIR spectroscopy has great potential in the forensic discipline as it is simple, nondestructive and capable of rapidly providing information relating to chemical composition. The objective of this study is to investigate the ability of NIR spectroscopy combined with Chemometrics to discriminate between individual soils. A further objective is to apply the NIR process to a simulated forensic scenario where soil transfer occurs. NIR spectra were recorded from twenty-seven soils sampled from the Logan region in South-East Queensland, Australia. A series of three high quartz soils were mixed with three different kaolinites in varying ratios and NIR spectra collected. Spectra were also collected from six soils as the temperature of the soils was ramped from room temperature up to 6000C. Finally, a forensic scenario was simulated where the transferral of ground soil to shoe soles was investigated. Chemometrics methods such as the commonly known Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the less well known fuzzy clustering (FC) and ranking by means of multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methodology were employed to interpret the spectral results. All soils were characterised using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffractometry. Results were promising revealing NIR combined with Chemometrics is capable of discriminating between the various soils. Peak assignments were established by comparing the spectra of known minerals with the spectra collected from the soil samples. The temperature dependent NIR analysis confirmed the assignments of the absorptions due to adsorbed and molecular bound water. The relative intensities of the identified NIR absorptions reflected the quantitative XRD and ICP characterisation results. PCA and FC analysis of the raw soils in the initial NIR investigation revealed that the soils were primarily distinguished on the basis of their relative quartz and kaolinte contents, and to a lesser extent on the horizon from which they originated. Furthermore, PCA could distinguish between the three kaolinites used in the study, suggesting that the NIR spectral region was sensitive enough to contain information describing variation within kaolinite itself. The forensic scenario simulation PCA successfully discriminated between the ‘Backyard Soil’ and ‘Melcann® Sand’, as well as the two sampling methods employed. Further PCA exploration revealed that it was possible to distinguish between the various shoes used in the simulation. In addition, it was possible to establish association between specific sampling sites on the shoe with the corresponding site remaining in the impression. The forensic application revealed some limitations of the process relating to moisture content and homogeneity of the soil. These limitations can both be overcome by simple sampling practices and maintaining the original integrity of the soil. The results from the forensic scenario simulation proved that the concept shows great promise in the forensic discipline.

Property : an instrumental institution for environmental governance

Property in an elusive concept. In many respects it has been regarded as a source of authority to use, develop and make decisions about whatever is the subject matter of this right of ownership. This is true whether the holder of this right of ownership is a private entity or a public entity. Increasingly a right of ownership of this kind has been recognised not only as a source of authority but also as a mechanism for restricting or limiting and perhaps even prohibiting existing or proposed activities that impact upon the environment. It is increasingly therefore an instrument of control as much as an instrument of authorisation. The protection and conservation of the environment are ultimately a matter of the public interest. This is not to suggest that the individual holders of rights of ownership are not interested in protecting the environment. It is open to them to do so in the exercise of a right of ownership as a source of authorisation. However a right of ownership – whether private or public – has become increasingly the instrument according to which the environment is protected and conserved. This article addresses these issues from a doctrinal as well as a practical perspective about how the environment is managed. It does so in five ways: ●considering briefly property as a concept ●reviewing property in its historical context ●analysing property as a human right ●examining property in natural resources ●reviewing judicial approaches to property in natural resources.

Influence of environmental and instrumental variables on the non-invasive prediction of Brix in pineapple using near infrared spectroscopy

The Brix content of pineapple fruit can be non-invasively predicted from the second derivative of near infrared reflectance spectra. Correlations obtained using a NIRSystems 6500 spectrophotometer through multiple linear regression and modified partial least squares analyses using a post-dispersive configuration were comparable with that from a pre-dispersive configuration in terms of accuracy (e.g. coefficient of determination, R2, 0.73; standard error of cross validation, SECV, 1.01°Brix). The effective depth of sample assessed was slightly greater using the post-dispersive technique (about 20 mm for pineapple fruit), as expected in relation to the higher incident light intensity, relative to the pre-dispersive configuration. The effect of such environmental variables as temperature, humidity and external light, and instrumental variables such as the number of scans averaged to form a spectrum, were considered with respect to the accuracy and precision of the measurement of absorbance at 876 nm, as a key term in the calibration for Brix, and predicted Brix. The application of post-dispersive near infrared technology to in-line assessment of intact fruit in a packing shed environment is discussed.

Coriza infecciosa: revisión de métodos de diagnóstico y vacunas

La coriza infecciosa es una enfermedad respiratoria aguda de las gallinas domesti- cas causada por la bacteria Haemophilus parugallinarum. Excepcionalmente pueden enfermarse tambien los faisanes y gallinas de Guinea. El H. paragallinarum infecta al ave por via respiratoria y luego de un cor- to periodo de incubation, que varia entre 1 a 3 dias, produce una enfermedad que se manifiesta por inflamacion catarral de los senos paranasales. Este cuadro puede estar asociado a inflamacion de los barbillones, conjuntivitis o queratitis. Los casos de neu- nionia y aerosaculitis son menos frecuentes pero tambien suelen ocurrir en las infeccio- nes puras por estos hemofilos. En las gallinas en produccion causa alta morbilidad, baja o nula mortalidad y una importante perdida en la produccion de huevos, la que generalmente oscila entre 10% y 40%. En pollos parrilleros puede cau- sar un cuadro descrito como «cabeza hin- chada» y ocasionalmente tambien producir septicemia y muerte (48). Esta bacteria ge- neralmente se asocia con otros agentes bacterianos, viricos o parasitarios y cuan- do esto ocurre se agrava el curso de la en- fermedad. Entre los agentes bacterianos mas comunes deben mencionarse los mycoplasinas y las pasteurelas. Cuando H . paragallinarum se asocia con otros agentes esta enfermedad se denomina .«coriza infec- ciosa complicada» (48). En esta recopilacion se aportaran deta- lles sobre la clasificacion, identificacion y serotipificacion del agente causal. Tambien se resumira la informacion disponible sobre nuevos metodos de diagnostico y programas de vacunacion para prevenir esta enferme-dad. A lo largo de esta revision se hara re-ferencia a los hemofilos aviarios que, para el proposito de este trabajo, seran definidos como organisnios gram negativos aislados de aves y que necesariamente requieren factores de crecimiento in vitro. Los dos factores que pueden ser requeridos por los hemofilos para su crecimiento in vitro son hemina (factor X) y/o nicotin-adenin-dinucleirtido (NAD o factor V).

Signifying Angels : Analyses and Interpretations of Rautavaara s Instrumental Compositions

The subject of doctoral thesis is the analysis and interpretation of instrumental pieces composed by Einojuhani Rautavaara (b. 1928) that have been given angelic titles: Archangel Michael Fighting the Antichrist from the suite Icons (1955)/Before the Icons (2006), Angels and Visitations (1978), the Double Bass Concerto Angel of Dusk (1980), Playgrounds for Angels (1981)and the Seventh Symphony Angel of Light (1994). The aim of the work is to find those musical elements common to these pieces that distinguish them from Rautavaara s other works and to determine if they could be thought of as a series. I prove that behind the common elements and titles stands the same extramusical idea the figure of an angel that the composer has described in his commentaries. The thesis is divided into three parts. Since all of the compositions possess titles that refer to the spiritual symbol of an angel, the first part offers a theoretical background to demonstrate the significant role played by angels in various religions and beliefs, and the means by which music has attempted to represent this symbol throughout history. This background traces also Rautavaara s aesthetic attitude as a spiritual composer whose output can be studied with reference to his extramusical interests including literature, psychology, painting, philosophy and myths. The second part focuses on the analysis of the instrumental compositions with angelic titles, without giving consideration to their commentaries and titles. The analyses concentrate in particular on those musical features that distinguish these pieces from Rautavaara s other compositions. In the third part these musical features are interpreted as symbols of the angel through comparison with vocal and instrumental pieces which contain references to the character of an angel, structures of mythical narration, special musical expressions, use of instruments and aspects of brightness. Finally I explore the composer s interpretative codes, drawing on Rilke s cycle of poems Ten Duino Elegies and Jung s theory of archetypes, and analyze the instrumental pieces with angelic titles in the light of the theory of musical ekphrasis.

Capillary electrochromatography: a versatile instrumental technique for nanodomain interaction studies

This doctoral thesis describes the development of a miniaturized capillary electrochromatography (CEC) technique suitable for the study of interactions between various nanodomains of biological importance. The particular focus of the study was low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and their interaction with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). LDL transports cholesterol to the tissues through the blood circulation, but when the LDL level becomes too high the particles begin to permeate and accumulate in the arteries. Through binding sites on apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), LDL interacts with components of the ECM, such as proteoglycans (PGs) and collagen, in what is considered the key mechanism in the retention of lipoproteins and onset of atherosclerosis. Hydrolytic enzymes and oxidizing agents in the ECM may later successively degrade the LDL surface. Metabolic diseases such as diabetes may provoke damage of the ECM structure through the non-enzymatic reaction of glucose with collagen. In this work, fused silica capillaries of 50 micrometer i.d. were successfully coated with LDL and collagen, and steroids and apoB-100 peptide fragments were introduced as model compounds for interaction studies. The LDL coating was modified with copper sulphate or hydrolytic enzymes, and the interactions of steroids with the native and oxidized lipoproteins were studied. Lipids were also removed from the LDL particle coating leaving behind an apoB-100 surface for further studies. The development of collagen and collagen decorin coatings was helpful in the elucidation of the interactions of apoB-100 peptide fragments with the primary ECM component, collagen. Furthermore, the collagen I coating provided a good platform for glycation studies and for clarification of LDL interactions with native and modified collagen. All methods developed are inexpensive, requiring just small amounts of biomaterial. Moreover, the experimental conditions in CEC are easily modified, and the analyses can be carried out in a reasonable time frame. Other techniques were employed to support and complement the CEC studies. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy provided crucial visual information about the native and modified coatings. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation enabled size measurements of the modified lipoproteins. Finally, the CEC results were exploited to develop new sensor chips for a continuous flow quartz crystal microbalance technique, which provided complementary information about LDL ECM interactions. This thesis demonstrates the potential of CEC as a valuable and flexible technique for surface interaction studies. Further, CEC can serve as a novel microreactor for the in situ modification of LDL and collagen coatings. The coatings developed in this study provide useful platforms for a diversity of future investigations on biological nanodomains.