An application of decision process modelling to manufacturing system design

As levels of investment in advanced manufacturing systems increase, effective project management becomes ever more critical. This paper demonstrates how the model proposed by Mintzberg, Raisinghani and Theoret in 1976, which structures complicated strategic decision processes, can be applied to the design of new production systems for both descriptive and analytical research purposes. This paper sets a detailed case study concerning the design and development of an advanced manufacturing system within the Mintzberg decision model and so breaks down the decision sequence into constituent parts. It thus shows how a structured model can provide a framework for the researcher who wishes to study decision episodes in the design of manufacturing facilities in greater depth.

Strategic positioning:an integrated decision process for manufacturers

Purpose – This paper describes research that has sought to create a formal and rational process that guides manufacturers through the strategic positioning decision. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on a series of case studies to develop and test the decision process. Findings – A decision process that leads the practitioner through an analytical process to decide which manufacturing activities they should carryout themselves. Practical implications – Strategic positioning is concerned with choosing those production related activities that an organisations should carry out internally, and those that should be external and under the ownership and control of suppliers, partners, distributors and customers. Originality/value – This concept extends traditional decision paradigms, such as those associated with “make versus buy” and “outsourcing”, by looking at the interactions between manufacturing operations and the wider supply chain networks associated with the organisation.

Distributed energy resource short-term scheduling using signaled particle swarm optimization

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) scheduling in smart grids presents a new challenge to system operators. The increase of new resources, such as storage systems and demand response programs, results in additional computational efforts for optimization problems. On the other hand, since natural resources, such as wind and sun, can only be precisely forecasted with small anticipation, short-term scheduling is especially relevant requiring a very good performance on large dimension problems. Traditional techniques such as Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) do not cope well with large scale problems. This type of problems can be appropriately addressed by metaheuristics approaches. This paper proposes a new methodology called Signaled Particle Swarm Optimization (SiPSO) to address the energy resources management problem in the scope of smart grids, with intensive use of DER. The proposed methodology’s performance is illustrated by a case study with 99 distributed generators, 208 loads, and 27 storage units. The results are compared with those obtained in other methodologies, namely MINLP, Genetic Algorithm, original Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Evolutionary PSO, and New PSO. SiPSO performance is superior to the other tested PSO variants, demonstrating its adequacy to solve large dimension problems which require a decision in a short period of time.

Integrated strategic supply chain positioning for SME's:an empirical study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on an investigation into the selection and evaluation of a suitable strategic positioning methodology for SMEs in Singapore. Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology is based on critical review of the literature to identify the potentially most suitable strategic positioning methodology, evaluation and testing of the methodology within the context of SME's in Singapore, and analysis to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology and opportunities for further research. Findings – This paper illustrates a leading integrated strategic positioning decision making process, which has been found to be potentially suitable for SMEs in Singapore, and the process is then applied and evaluated in two industrial case studies. Results in the form of strengths, weaknesses and opportunities are evaluated and discussed in detail, and further research to improve the process has been identified. Practical implications – A practical and integrated strategic supply chain positioning methodology for SMEs to define their own competitive space, among other companies in the manufacturing supply chain, so as to maximize business competitiveness. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the knowledge of the strategic positioning decision process as well as identifies further research to adapt the process for SMEs in Singapore.

Typage de la classe génotypique du gène PRDM9 à partir de données de séquençage de Nouvelle Génération

Les positions des évènements de recombinaison s’agrègent ensemble, formant des hotspots déterminés en partie par la protéine à évolution rapide PRDM9. En particulier, ces positions de hotspots sont déterminées par le domaine de doigts de zinc (ZnF) de PRDM9 qui reconnait certains motifs d’ADN. Les allèles de PRDM9 contenant le ZnF de type k ont été préalablement associés avec une cohorte de patients affectés par la leucémie aigüe lymphoblastique. Les allèles de PRDM9 sont difficiles à identifier à partir de données de séquençage de nouvelle génération (NGS), en raison de leur nature répétitive. Dans ce projet, nous proposons une méthode permettant la caractérisation d’allèles de PRDM9 à partir de données de NGS, qui identifie le nombre d’allèles contenant un type spécifique de ZnF. Cette méthode est basée sur la corrélation entre les profils représentant le nombre de séquences nucléotidiques uniques à chaque ZnF retrouvés chez les lectures de NGS simulées sans erreur d’une paire d’allèles et chez les lectures d’un échantillon. La validité des prédictions obtenues par notre méthode est confirmée grâce à analyse basée sur les simulations. Nous confirmons également que la méthode peut correctement identifier le génotype d’allèles de PRDM9 qui n’ont pas encore été identifiés. Nous conduisons une analyse préliminaire identifiant le génotype des allèles de PRDM9 contenant un certain type de ZnF dans une cohorte de patients atteints de glioblastomes multiforme pédiatrique, un cancer du cerveau caractérisé par les mutations récurrentes dans le gène codant pour l’histone H3, la cible de l’activité épigénétique de PRDM9. Cette méthode ouvre la possibilité d’identifier des associations entre certains allèles de PRDM9 et d’autres types de cancers pédiatriques, via l’utilisation de bases de données de NGS de cellules tumorales.

Calcareous nannofossils of ODP Leg 101 holes

Leg 101 of the Ocean Drilling Program drilled 19 holes at 11 sites to investigate the geology of the Straits of Florida and the northern Bahamas. Drilling at Site 626 indicated that the Gulf Stream has had significant flow through the Straits of Florida for at least the last 24 million years. Winnowed, foraminiferal grainstones and packstones with sparse nannofossil assemblages and the reworking of older nannofossils suggest strong bottom-current activity throughout this interval. Drilling north of Little Bahama Bank and in Exuma Sound documents the growth of platform slopes during the late Cenozoic. Nannofossil biostratigraphy of the upper Cenozoic sediments from the Little Bahama Bank and Exuma Sound slope transects indicates relatively continuous deposition, with only short breaks in the periplatform ooze and/or calciturbidite accumulation during the late Pliocene. These unconformities may be linked to sea-level lowstands. Nannofossil assemblages are generally poorly preserved owing to accelerated diagenesis caused by high aragonite and high magnesium calcite contents of bank-derived material. High rates of influx of bank-derived materials appear to coincide with highstands of sea level. Periplatform sediments are largely limited to the upper Cenozoic at Little Bahama Bank. Pelagic and/or hemipelagic conditions existed during the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. A relatively complete, continuous section of Oligocene is present in the Little Bahama Bank area, although the rest of the Paleogene is thin. Paleogene material is also present in Northeast Providence Channel, although its thickness is uncertain. A thick upper Campanian chalk sequence with abundant, moderately to well-preserved nannofossils occurs in the Little Bahama Bank area. Hemipelagic nannofossil marls and marly chalks at Little Bahama Bank contain an excellent nannofossil record, which indicates a continuous lowermost to middle Cenomanian sequence overlying the upper Albian drowned platform. These hemipelagic sediments are significantly younger than the organic-rich, middle Albian limestones in Northeast Providence Channel. The latter indicate that a deep-water channel was already well established by the middle Albian.

A DIMENSÃO EMOCIONAL E O TRABALHO DOCENTE: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DE HUMBERTO MATURANA

Inúmeros são os estudos que mostram a importância de se considerar emoção/afetividade no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, uma vez que emoção e cognição não se separam. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho discute a relação entre a emoção e a educação por meio das obras do biólogo chileno Humberto Maturana, analisando como estudantes dos cursos de educação (licenciaturas e pedagogia) relacionam a emoção ao trabalho docente. Para Maturana, a emoção não se restringe ao aspecto afetivo ou mesmo subjetivo dos estados psíquicos, nem é um sentimento. Trata-se, antes de mais nada, de condutas de ação, de uma construção de um sujeito observador a partir de uma emoção constitutiva fundamental, portanto, estruturante, e que impulsiona todas as demais ações humanas. O autor traz a emoção e a educação como uma quebra de paradigmas que consideravam o corpo e a mente como fragmentos e passa-se a entender o ser humano de forma integral, como um ser complexo que se realiza na linguagem e no racional partindo do emocional. A presente pesquisa configura-se como um recorte do Programa de Pesquisa longitudinal Representações Sociais de estudantes de licenciatura e pedagogia sobre o trabalho docente realizado pelo Centro Internacional de Estudos em Representações Sociais e Subjetividade Educação (CIERS-ed), entre 2006 e 2011, sob coordenação da Prof.ª Dr.ª Clarilza Prado de Sousa. Partindo-se do pressuposto que a produção discursiva dos participantes da pesquisa revela o modo como estes se situam no mundo e como entendem a sua formação, o presente estudo analisou o Banco de Dados sistematizados no Programa de Pesquisa de modo a analisar, ainda que de forma indireta, como os estudantes entendem a emoção no trabalho docente. Para tanto, foram usados dados de associação livre, de classificação múltipla e de entrevista que, embora não tenham se preocupado diretamente em tratar da questão da afetividade e da emoção, permitiram uma análise nessa direção. Os resultados apontam para uma formação de docentes que consideram a emoção no trabalho docente, mas que pela formação ainda sentem angustia quando pensar na relação do educar.

Localização em espaços interiores por luz visível para robôs móveis

Esta dissertação investiga a localização em espaços interiores através da comunicação por luz visível para robôs móveis, com base nos LEDs fixos nos edifícios, dando particular atenção à simulação e desenho do sensor, com vista ao desenvolvimento de um sensor de localização. Explica-se o crescimento da tecnologia LED e da constante necessidade de localização do homem em espaços interiores. Apresentado algumas características do LED e dos foto-detetores existentes. Com uma breve referencia a algumas das comunicações por luz visível de baixo débito possíveis de implementar. O desenvolvimento do protótipo do sensor inicia-se, principalmente, pela simulação de alguns dispositivos essenciais e das suas caraterísticas, como o emissor LED no controlo do ^angulo de meia potência (HPA) e a altura a que se encontra, e no recetor foto-díodo e a sua restrição de campo de visão (FOV). Simula-se o sensor pretendido com o número de foto-díodos necessários otimizando o espaço físico disponível e fazendo não só um refinamento no FOV mas também na distribuição espacial dos foto-díodos com funções predefinidas para a redução de incertezas de decisão de localização do robô. Estes resultados permitiram a construção física do sensor, desde o suporte para os foto-díodos, tendo em conta todas as medidas durante as simulações, e terminando com o desenvolvimento dos sensores e a sua integração completa. O tratamento de dados da leitura dos sinais recebidos do sensor são tratados por um microcontrolador, permitindo calcular parâmetros fundamentais no cálculo da posição. No final, os resultados teóricos bem como os práticos obtidos ao longo do desenvolvimento e possíveis propostas para trabalhos futuros que beneficiam desta investigação

Recetas castellanas medievales sobre el trabajo de la cera

El fin del presente trabajo es dar a conocer una serie de recetas, localizadas, en los fondos españoles. Temáticamente, pertenecen al mundo de la candelería y de la cerería. Nos describen, de una parte como se hace la cera de color (blanca, roja y verde) y su utilidad, y, de otra, como se fabrican las velas, tanto de sebo como de cera. Se caracterizan por su brevedad, enumeran las sustancias a la vez que describen el proceso. Se asemejan entre ellas en la metodología empleada y se diferencian en las materias. La brevedad se rompe en el Libro de los Oficios de Guadalupe, se trata de una ordenanza, y no de una receta. Aprovechando la ocasión, hemos hablado de las materias primas (cera y sebo), de los métodos que se usan para elaborar los distintos sistemas de iluminación y de las ordenanzas; dentro de estas destacamos el fraude. Por último, estudiamos el pabilo o torcida, concretamente: la materia prima y el grosor que debe presentar.

Three-factor models versus time series models:quantifying time-dependencies of interactions between stimuli in cell biology and psychobiology for short longitudinal data

Signal integration determines cell fate on the cellular level, affects cognitive processes and affective responses on the behavioural level, and is likely to be involved in psychoneurobiological processes underlying mood disorders. Interactions between stimuli may subjected to time effects. Time-dependencies of interactions between stimuli typically lead to complex cell responses and complex responses on the behavioural level. We show that both three-factor models and time series models can be used to uncover such time-dependencies. However, we argue that for short longitudinal data the three factor modelling approach is more suitable. In order to illustrate both approaches, we re-analysed previously published short longitudinal data sets. We found that in human embryonic kidney 293 cells cells the interaction effect in the regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 signalling activation by insulin and epidermal growth factor is subjected to a time effect and dramatically decays at peak values of ERK activation. In contrast, we found that the interaction effect induced by hypoxia and tumour necrosis factor-alpha for the transcriptional activity of the human cyclo-oxygenase-2 promoter in HEK293 cells is time invariant at least in the first 12-h time window after stimulation. Furthermore, we applied the three-factor model to previously reported animal studies. In these studies, memory storage was found to be subjected to an interaction effect of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol and certain antagonists acting on the alpha-1-adrenoceptor / glucocorticoid-receptor system. Our model-based analysis suggests that only if the antagonist drug is administer in a critical time window, then the interaction effect is relevant.

The use of analytical hierarchy process in spatial decision support system for land use management

Geographic information systems give us the possibility to analyze, produce, and edit geographic information. Furthermore, these systems fall short on the analysis and support of complex spatial problems. Therefore, when a spatial problem, like land use management, requires a multi-criteria perspective, multi-criteria decision analysis is placed into spatial decision support systems. The analytic hierarchy process is one of many multi-criteria decision analysis methods that can be used to support these complex problems. Using its capabilities we try to develop a spatial decision support system, to help land use management. Land use management can undertake a broad spectrum of spatial decision problems. The developed decision support system had to accept as input, various formats and types of data, raster or vector format, and the vector could be polygon line or point type. The support system was designed to perform its analysis for the Zambezi river Valley in Mozambique, the study area. The possible solutions for the emerging problems had to cover the entire region. This required the system to process large sets of data, and constantly adjust to new problems’ needs. The developed decision support system, is able to process thousands of alternatives using the analytical hierarchy process, and produce an output suitability map for the problems faced.

Is the observed persistence spurious? A test for fractional integration versus short memory and structural breaks

Although it is commonly accepted that most macroeconomic variables are nonstationary, it is often difficult to identify the source of the non-stationarity. In particular, it is well-known that integrated and short memory models containing trending components that may display sudden changes in their parameters share some statistical properties that make their identification a hard task. The goal of this paper is to extend the classical testing framework for I(1) versus I(0)+ breaks by considering a a more general class of models under the null hypothesis: non-stationary fractionally integrated (FI) processes. A similar identification problem holds in this broader setting which is shown to be a relevant issue from both a statistical and an economic perspective. The proposed test is developed in the time domain and is very simple to compute. The asymptotic properties of the new technique are derived and it is shown by simulation that it is very well-behaved in finite samples. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed technique, an application using inflation data is also provided.

Cognitive Predictors and Risk Factors of PTSD Following Stillbirth: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study.

This short-term longitudinal study investigated cognitive predictors and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mothers following stillbirth. After a stillbirth at ≥ 24 weeks gestational age, 65 women completed structured clinical interviews and questionnaires assessing PTSD symptoms, cognitive predictors (appraisals, dysfunctional strategies), and risk factors (perceived social support, trauma history, obstetric history) at 3 and 6 months. PTSD symptoms decreased between 3 and 6 months (Cohen's d ranged .34-.52). Regression analyses also revealed a specific positive relationship between Rumination and concurrent frequency of PTSD symptoms (β = .45). Negative Self-View and Negative World-View related positively and Self-Blame related negatively to concurrent number of PTSD symptoms (β = .48, .44, -.45, respectively). Suppression and Distraction predicted a decrease and Numbing predicted an increase in time-lagged number of PTSD symptoms (β = -.33, -.28, .30, respectively). Risk factors for PTSD symptoms were younger age (β = -.25), lower income (β = -.29), fewer previous pregnancies (β = -.31), and poorer perceived social support (β = -.26). Interventions addressing negative appraisals, dysfunctional strategies, and social support are recommended for mothers with PTSD following stillbirth. Knowledge of cognitive predictors and risk factors of PTSD may inform the development of a screening instrument.