Prevalencia de síntomas cutáneos asociados a dermatitis de contacto y su relación con factores sociodemográficos y ocupacionales en el personal asistencial de un laboratorio clínico de la ciudad de Bogotá en el año 2012

El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de síntomas cutáneos asociados a Dermatitis de Contacto y su relación con factores socios demográficos y ocupacionales, en el personal asistencial de un laboratorio clínico de la ciudad de Bogotá en el año 2012. Es un estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal (n= 100) se estimo la prevalencia de síntomas cutáneos de Dermatitis de Contacto y sus factores asociados socio demográficos y ocupacionales en el personal asistencial de un laboratorio clínico de la ciudad de Bogotá en Se usó como instrumento el cuestionario Nórdico para Enfermedades profesionales de la piel (NOQS) en su versión larga validada al español. La sensibilidad y especificidad del cuestionario aplicado en lo referente a las preguntas sobre eczema fue del 96 y 75% respectivamente. Los resultados encontrados fueron que la prevalencia de la sintomatología cutánea de Dermatitis de contacto en la población estudiada fue de 30% para manos y de 16 % para muñecas o antebrazos.

Aspectos comparativos entre el cáncer mamario humano y canino con especial referencia al cáncer mamario inflamatorio:grado histológico de malignidad, mecanismos endocrinos e interleucinas

El cáncer mamario humano (CMH) es un gran problema de salud puesto que es el cáncer que más frecuentemente se diagnostica en la mujer y es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer. El cáncer mamario inflamatorio (CI) humano y canino (CIH y CIC, respectivamente) es un tipo de cáncer mamario especialmente agresivo de baja prevalencia. El CIC se ha propuesto como modelo para el estudio de la enfermedad humana. El CI se define como una entidad clínicopatológica caracterizada clínicamente por edema difuso, eritema y dolor de la mama, ocupando la mayor parte de la misma y, frecuentemente, sin presentar nódulo mamario, lo que complica el diagnóstico al poder confundirse con una dermatitis o una mastitis. Por otro lado, los tumores mamarios caninos (TMC) se presentan como el primer grupo de tumores en la perra, suponiendo un 52% de todas las neoplasias y el segundo tras los tumores cutáneos teniendo en cuenta ambos sexos. En la especie canina el CI representa el 7,6% de todos los tumores mamarios caninos y el 17% de todas las neoplasias mamarias malignas. Una gran parte del conocimiento sobre el cáncer mamario humano (CMH) se basa en las investigaciones realizadas in vitro o in vivo. En numerosas ocasiones se han propuesto los TMC espontáneos como modelo para el estudio del CMH. Como previamente se ha indicado, se ha demostrado que la perra es un buen modelo animal para el estudio del CIH, ya que tienen características epidemiológicas, clínicas e histológicas similares. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los aspectos comparables en los cánceres de mama de ambas especies, incluyendo el perfil hormonal o la presencia de ciertas citocinas, no han sido todavía evaluados...

Contact dermatitis from shoes: an update

Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythematous and pruritic skin lesions that occur after contact with a foreign substance. There are two forms of contact dermatitis: irritant and allergic. Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by the non–immune-modulated irritation of the skin by a substance, leading to skin changes. Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in which a foreign substance comes into contact with the skin; skin changes occur after reexposure to the substance. A medical condition referred to as “shoe dermatitis” is a form of contact dermatitis caused by the contact of the foot with parts of the shoe due to these materials. Shoe dermatitis is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and is a common type of contact dermatitis. It is imperative the foot and ankle physician become familiar with recognizing signs and symptoms of shoe dermatitis so that their patients can be accurately diagnosis and appropriately treated to avoid secondary infections and disability. This review will first present causative factors for the etiology of shoe contact dermatitis supported by clinical-based evidence as found in the medical literature. Secondly, a description of the signs and symptoms of shoe contact dermatitis will be presented in a narrative fashion. Finally, both treatment options and preventative measures to avoid shoe.

Dermatitis herpetiforme como carta de presentación de la enfermedad celíaca

RESUMEN: La Dermatitis Herpetiforme (DH) es una enfermedad ampollar autoinmune (EAI) que corresponde a la manifestación cutánea de la Enfermedad Celíaca (EC), más precisamente de la intolerancia al gluten. Clínicamente se manifiesta como una erupción papulo-vesicular pruriginosa, topografiada fundamentalmente en superficies de extensión de extremidades. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante el estudio histopatológico de piel lesional e inmunofluorescencia directa (IFD) de piel perilesional, la cual muestra hallazgos característicos. En su patogenia intervienen factores genéticos, inmunológicos, y ambientales. El tratamiento de elección es la dieta libre de gluten (DLG) y la Dapsona. Se ha reportado una asociación cercana al 15% entre la afectación cutánea e intestinal, no existe hasta el momento ningún estudio prospectivo que muestre la frecuencia real de EC en pacientes con DH

Curas húmedas en dermatitis atópica: nuestra experiencia

En ocasiones, los brotes de dermatitis atópica pueden ser graves y de difícil control, resistentes a los tratamientos habituales. En estos casos podemos recurrir al empleo de curas húmedas, un procedimiento con buenos resultados y escasos efectos secundarios. Presentamos una serie de casos de cinco pacientes con brotes moderados-graves resistentes al tratamiento convencional, tratados mediante curas húmedas con betametasona o propionato de fluticasona diluidos al 10% en la crema hidratante durante un intervalo de tiempo de entre 4-6 días. Se obtuvo la resolución completa del brote en cuatro casos, continuándose en el caso restante las curas de forma domiciliaria durante 2-3 días más, con posterior resolución completa. Ningún paciente presentó efectos adversos.

Alérgenos en la dermatitis de contacto alérgica de origen laboral

Introducción: Las dermatosis profesionales tienen una alta incidencia, lo que conlleva considerables consecuencias médicas y laborales. Objetivos: Describir las características de la población afectada por dermatitis de contacto alérgica de origen laboral y los alérgenos responsables. Material y Métodos: Durante cinco años se incluyó a todos los pacientes diagnosticados de Dermatitis de Contacto Alérgica en una consulta de Dermatología en un hospital de referencia, con positividad a al menos un alérgeno presente en su puesto de trabajo. Resultados: En sector de cosmética el 93,7% fue causada por acrilatos, en peluquería un 72,7% fue causada por PPDA, en alimentación un 63,3% de los alérgenos fueron productos alimentarios, en construcción el 60% fueron causadas por cemento y en industria PPDA causó un 30%. Las manos fueron la principal área corporal afectada en todos los grupos laborales. Conclusión: parece recomendable mejorar la coordinación entre los facultativos de Medicina del Trabajo y de atención primaria con los facultativos dermatólogos, estableciéndose protocolos de actuación conjuntos que permitan disponer de un diagnóstico definitivo en el menor tiempo posible.

Cytogenetic And Morphologic Approaches Of Hybrids From Experimental Crosses Between Triatoma Lenti Sherlock & Serafim, 1967 And T. Sherlocki Papa Et Al., 2002 (hemiptera: Reduviidae).

The reproductive capacity between Triatoma lenti and Triatoma sherlocki was observed in order to verify the fertility and viability of the offspring. Cytogenetic, morphological and morphometric approaches were used to analyze the differences that were inherited. Experimental crosses were performed in both directions. The fertility rate of the eggs in crosses involving T. sherlocki females was 65% and 90% in F1 and F2 offspring, respectively. In reciprocal crosses, it was 7% and 25% in F1 and F2 offspring, respectively. The cytogenetic analyses of the male meiotic process of the hybrids were performed using lacto-acetic orcein, C-banding and Feulgen techniques. The male F1 offspring presented normal chromosome behavior, a finding that was similar to those reported in parental species. However, cytogenetic analysis of F2 offspring showed errors in chromosome pairing. This post-zygotic isolation, which prevents hybrids in nature, may represent the collapse of the hybrid. This phenomenon is due to a genetic dysregulation that occurs in the chromosomes of F1. The results were similar in the hybrids from both crosses. Morphological features, such as color and size of connexive and the presence of red-orange rings on the femora, were similar to T. sherlocki, while wins size was similar to T. lenti in F1 offspring. The eggshells showed characteristics that were similar to species of origin, whereas the median process of the pygophore resulted in intermediate characteristics in the F1 and a segregating pattern in F2 offspring. Geometric morphometric techniques used on the wings showed that both F1 and F2 offspring were similar to T. lenti. These studies on the reproductive capacity between T. lenti and T. sherlocki confirm that both species are evolutionarily closed; hence, they are included in the brasiliensis subcomplex. The extremely reduced fertility observed in the F2 hybrids confirmed the specific status of the species that were analyzed.

Isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare (Bernardet et al. 2002) from four tropical fish species in Brazil

Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease in freshwater fish, implicated in skin and gill disease, often causing high mortality. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare in tropical fish in Brazil. Piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and cascudo (Hypostomus plecostomus) were examined for external lesions showing signs of colunmaris disease such as greyish white spots, especially on the head, dorsal part and caudal fin of the fish. The sampling comprised 50 samples representing four different fish species selected for study. Samples for culture were obtained by skin and kidney scrapes with a sterile cotton swabs of columnaris disease fish and streaked onto Carlson and Pacha (1968) artificial culture medium (broth and solid) which were used for isolation. The strains in the liquid medium were Gram negative, long, filamentous, exhibited flexing movements (gliding motility), contained a large number of long slender bacteria and gathered into ‘columns'. Strains on the agar produced yellow-pale colonies, rather small, flat that had rhizoid edges. A total of four Flavobacterium columnare were isolated: 01 Brycon orbignyanus strain, 01 Piaractus mesopotamicus strain, 01 Colossoma macropomum strain, and 01 Hypostomus plecostomus strain. Biochemical characterization, with its absorption of Congo red dye, production of flexirubin-type pigments, H2S production and reduction of nitrates proved that the isolate could be classified as Flavobacterium columnare.

Prediction of good glass formers in the Al-Ni-La and Al-Ni-Gd systems using topological instability and electronegativity

A new criterion has been recently proposed combining the topological instability (lambda criterion) and the average electronegativity difference (Delta e) among the elements of an alloy to predict and select new glass-forming compositions. In the present work, this criterion (lambda.Delta e) is applied to the Al-Ni-La and Al-Ni-Gd ternary systems and its predictability is validated using literature data for both systems and additionally, using own experimental data for the Al-La-Ni system. The compositions with a high lambda.Delta e value found in each ternary system exhibit a very good correlation with the glass-forming ability of different alloys as indicated by their supercooled liquid regions (Delta T(x)) and their critical casting thicknesses. In the case of the Al-La-Ni system, the alloy with the largest lambda.Delta e value, La(56)Al(26.5)Ni(17.5), exhibits the highest glass-forming ability verified for this system. Therefore, the combined lambda.Delta e criterion is a simple and efficient tool to select new glass-forming compositions in Al-Ni-RE systems. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3563099]

Load Ratio Estimation Through Striation Height and Spacing Analysis of an Aerospace Al Alloy 7475-T7351

It is well known that striation spacing may be related to the crack growth rate, da/dN, through Paris equation, as well as the maximum and minimum loads under service loading conditions. These loads define the load ratio, R, and are considered impossible to be evaluated from the inter-spacing striations analysis. In this way, this study discusses the methodology proposed by Furukawa to evaluate the maximum and minimum loads based on the experimental fact that the relative height of a striation, H, and the striation spacing, s, are strongly influenced by the load ratio, R. Fatigue tests in C(T) specimens were conducted on SAE 7475-T7351 Al alloy plates at room temperature and the results showed a straightforward correlation between the parameters H, s, and R. Measurements of striation height, H, were performed using scanning electron microscopy and field emission gun (FEG) after sectioning the specimen at a large inclined angle to amplify the height of the striations. The results showed that for increasing R the values of H/s tend to increase. Striation height, striation spacing, and load ratio correlations were obtained, which allows one to estimate service loadings from fatigue fracture surface survey.

Internal stresses and textures of nanostructured alumina scales growing on polycrystalline Fe(3)Al alloy

The evolution of internal stresses in oxide scales growing on polycrystalline Fe(3)Al alloy in atmospheric air at 700 degrees C was determined using in situ energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Ex situ texture analyses were performed after 5 h of oxidation at 700 degrees C. Under these conditions, the oxide-scale thickness, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, lies between 80 and 100 nm. The main phase present in the oxide scales is alpha-Al(2)O(3), with minor quantities of metastable theta-Al(2)O(3) detected in the first minutes of oxidation, as well as alpha-Fe(2)O(3). alpha-Al(2)O(3) grows with a weak (0001) fiber texture in the normal direction. During the initial stages of oxidation the scale develops, increasing levels of compressive stresses which later evolve to a steady state condition situated around -300 MPa. (C) 2010 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [DOI: 10.1154/1.3402764]

Chemical similarities between Galactic bulge and local thick disk red giants: O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, and Ti

Context. The formation and evolution of the Galactic bulge and its relationship with the other Galactic populations is still poorly understood. Aims. To establish the chemical differences and similarities between the bulge and other stellar populations, we performed an elemental abundance analysis of alpha- (O, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti) and Z-odd (Na and Al) elements of red giant stars in the bulge as well as of local thin disk, thick disk and halo giants. Methods. We use high-resolution optical spectra of 25 bulge giants in Baade's window and 55 comparison giants (4 halo, 29 thin disk and 22 thick disk giants) in the solar neighborhood. All stars have similar stellar parameters but cover a broad range in metallicity (-1.5 < [Fe/H] < +0.5). A standard 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis using both Kurucz and MARCS models yielded the abundances of O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe. Our homogeneous and differential analysis of the Galactic stellar populations ensured that systematic errors were minimized. Results. We confirm the well-established differences for [alpha/Fe] at a given metallicity between the local thin and thick disks. For all the elements investigated, we find no chemical distinction between the bulge and the local thick disk, in agreement with our previous study of C, N and O but in contrast to other groups relying on literature values for nearby disk dwarf stars. For -1.5 < [Fe/H] < -0.3 exactly the same trend is followed by both the bulge and thick disk stars, with a star-to-star scatter of only 0.03 dex. Furthermore, both populations share the location of the knee in the [alpha/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] diagram. It still remains to be confirmed that the local thick disk extends to super-solar metallicities as is the case for the bulge. These are the most stringent constraints to date on the chemical similarity of these stellar populations. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the bulge and local thick disk stars experienced similar formation timescales, star formation rates and initial mass functions, confirming thus the main outcomes of our previous homogeneous analysis of [O/Fe] from infrared spectra for nearly the same sample. The identical a-enhancements of thick disk and bulge stars may reflect a rapid chemical evolution taking place before the bulge and thick disk structures we see today were formed, or it may reflect Galactic orbital migration of inner disk/bulge stars resulting in stars in the solar neighborhood with thick-disk kinematics.

The effect of low-level laser irradiation (In-Ga-Al-AsP-660 nm) on melanoma in vitro and in vivo

Background: It has been speculated that the biostimulatory effect of Low Level Laser Therapy could cause undesirable enhancement of tumor growth in neoplastic diseases. The aim of the present study is to analyze the behavior of melanoma cells (B16F10) in vitro and the in vivo development of melanoma in mice after laser irradiation. Methods: We performed a controlled in vitro study on B16F10 melanoma cells to investigate cell viability and cell cycle changes by the Tripan Blue, MTT and cell quest histogram tests at 24, 48 and 72 h post irradiation. The in vivo mouse model (male Balb C, n = 21) of melanoma was used to analyze tumor volume and histological characteristics. Laser irradiation was performed three times (once a day for three consecutive days) with a 660 nm 50 mW CW laser, beam spot size 2 mm(2), irradiance 2.5 W/cm(2) and irradiation times of 60s (dose 150 J/cm(2)) and 420s (dose 1050 J/cm(2)) respectively. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the in vitro groups, except for an increase in the hypodiploid melanoma cells (8.48 +/- 1.40% and 4.26 +/- 0.60%) at 72 h postirradiation. This cancer-protective effect was not reproduced in the in vivo experiment where outcome measures for the 150 J/cm(2) dose group were not significantly different from controls. For the 1050 J/cm(2) dose group, there were significant increases in tumor volume, blood vessels and cell abnormalities compared to the other groups. Conclusion: LLLT Irradiation should be avoided over melanomas as the combination of high irradiance (2.5 W/cm(2)) and high dose (1050 J/cm(2)) significantly increases melanoma tumor growth in vivo.