Las transformaciones de la política educativa nacional en los años de la democracia

En este artículo la autora revisa los diferentes modos en que se pensó la relación de educación y democracia a lo largo de los años de régimen democrático que se inician en 1984. Con este fin, Guillermina Tiramonti considera tres períodos en los que esa relación se pensó desde parámetros totalmente diferentes. El primer período se caracteriza por una hegemonía política que se resuelve en la antinomia autoritarismo-democracia, dos términos con los que se delimita un pasado que se quiere abandonar y un futuro que se considera deseable. El segundo período es el de la reforma educativa, que tiene una impronta modernizadora definida en términos de cambio de la ingeniería organizativa del sistema educativo y de las subjetividades. Hay un tercer período al que la autora denomina "Después de los noventa" en virtud de la eficacia de la reestructuración producida en esa década, lo que le permite marcar el nuevo período, en el que la relación democracia y educación se define a la luz de las exigencias de la gobernabilidad. Finalmente se proponen algunas ideas para la reconstrucción de una agenda para la discusión y procesamiento en la esfera pública.

Las transformaciones de la política educativa nacional en los años de la democracia

En este artículo la autora revisa los diferentes modos en que se pensó la relación de educación y democracia a lo largo de los años de régimen democrático que se inician en 1984. Con este fin, Guillermina Tiramonti considera tres períodos en los que esa relación se pensó desde parámetros totalmente diferentes. El primer período se caracteriza por una hegemonía política que se resuelve en la antinomia autoritarismo-democracia, dos términos con los que se delimita un pasado que se quiere abandonar y un futuro que se considera deseable. El segundo período es el de la reforma educativa, que tiene una impronta modernizadora definida en términos de cambio de la ingeniería organizativa del sistema educativo y de las subjetividades. Hay un tercer período al que la autora denomina "Después de los noventa" en virtud de la eficacia de la reestructuración producida en esa década, lo que le permite marcar el nuevo período, en el que la relación democracia y educación se define a la luz de las exigencias de la gobernabilidad. Finalmente se proponen algunas ideas para la reconstrucción de una agenda para la discusión y procesamiento en la esfera pública.

Las transformaciones de la política educativa nacional en los años de la democracia

En este artículo la autora revisa los diferentes modos en que se pensó la relación de educación y democracia a lo largo de los años de régimen democrático que se inician en 1984. Con este fin, Guillermina Tiramonti considera tres períodos en los que esa relación se pensó desde parámetros totalmente diferentes. El primer período se caracteriza por una hegemonía política que se resuelve en la antinomia autoritarismo-democracia, dos términos con los que se delimita un pasado que se quiere abandonar y un futuro que se considera deseable. El segundo período es el de la reforma educativa, que tiene una impronta modernizadora definida en términos de cambio de la ingeniería organizativa del sistema educativo y de las subjetividades. Hay un tercer período al que la autora denomina "Después de los noventa" en virtud de la eficacia de la reestructuración producida en esa década, lo que le permite marcar el nuevo período, en el que la relación democracia y educación se define a la luz de las exigencias de la gobernabilidad. Finalmente se proponen algunas ideas para la reconstrucción de una agenda para la discusión y procesamiento en la esfera pública.

Elections and Democracy in Brazil: Victor Nunes Leal and the 1945 Transition

This article discusses the necessary conditions for a democratic government to prevail, with the study Coronelismo: the Municipality and Representative Government in Brazil as the point of departure. The article seeks to identify the book's causal explanations for the emergence of democracy, and more precisely for regimes in which governments lose elections. Why were elections not truly competitive over the course of the Empire and the First Republic? Why did they change after the fall of the Estado Novo? Nunes Leal was one of the few Brazilian authors to explicitly tackle this challenge.

DEMOCRACY AND CITIZENSHIP IN NORTH AFRICA AFTER THE ARAB AWAKENING: CHALLENGES FOR EU AND US FOREIGN POLICY (EUSPRING). Arab Citizenship Review No. 4, April 2014. Egypt. Egypt’s Transition in Crisis: The Decline of Citizenship Rights

This series of policy briefs provides a regular update of debates concerning key rights issues in three Arab states, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia. In a first round of briefs on the three countries, we provide background on these debates since the beginning of the Arab spring.

Inequality, democracy and taxation:lessons from the post-Communist transition

Using data for the period 1989 – 2002, we examine the determinants of income inequality in post-communist economies. We find a strong positive association between equality and tax collection but note that this relationship is significantly stronger under authoritarian regimes than under democracies. We also discover that countries introducing sustainable democratic institutions early are characterised by lower inequality. We also confirm that education fosters equality and find that larger countries are prone to higher levels of inequality.

The EU and democratic leverage:are there still lessons to be learnt from the Spanish transition to democracy?

The issue of conditionality and how the EU should seek to influence positive transformations in its periphery is as relevant today as it was in the early 1990s. There are some important lessons that can still be learned from the Spanish transition to democracy in this respect. By combining strict conditionality with its ‘normative power’, the European Community managed to shape—if not make—the Spanish transition to democracy. The consensus surrounding European integration worked as a unifying factor amongst all of the elite groups by giving them a common goal. This broad consensus ensured that no elite group could act in the sort of irresponsible way that could jeopardise the democratisation process and, by inference, the integration of Spain with the Community. At the same time, the EC worked as a sort of moderating force. Neither of these positive effects would have occurred had the EC not used its leverage potential and remained firmed in its stance of conditioning accession to Spain taking clear steps towards democratisation.

The (ab)use of politics and eroticism in the culture of the Spanish Transition to democracy (1975–1982)

This dissertation analyzes the (ab)use of politics and eroticism within the framework of the Transition to democracy in Spain, its social and cultural impact—on literature, film, music, and popular media—, and its consequences. After a period of nearly four decades, when the country was subjected to a totalitarian regime, Spanish society underwent a process of democratic restoration. As a result, the two topics considered taboo during almost forty years of repression—i.e., politics and sexuality/eroticism—, gushed out fiercely. Every aspect of culture was influenced by and intrinsically linked to them. However, while we have been offered a more or less global approach to the Transition—the Transition as a whole—, and some studies have focused on diverse areas, no research to date has covered in depth the significance of those issues during that historical moment. Considering the facts stated above, it was imperative to conduct a more detailed analysis of the influence of both eroticism and politics on the cultural production of the Transition from different perspectives. Although the academic intelligentsia has often rejected them as expressions of mass culture, we must consider Pierre Bourdieu’s theories—in line with the tradition of classical sociology, that includes science, law, and religion, together with artistic activities—, Michel Foucault’s ideas on sexuality, and New Historicism, examining texts and their contexts. This work concludes that the (ab)use of both subjects during the Spanish Transition was a reaction to a repressive condition. It led to extremes, to societal transgression and, in most cases, to the objectification of women because of the impositions of a patriarchal society. It was, however, part of a learning and, in a sense, cathartic process that led, eventually, to the reestablishment of the status quo, to a more equitable and multicultural society where men, women, and any political or sexual tendencies are respected—at least, in theory.

Democracy, Crime and Justice. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences

As a growing number of nations embark on a path to democracy, criminologists have become increasingly interested and engaged in the challenges, concerns, and questions connecting democracy with both crime and criminal justice. Rising levels of violence and street crime, white collar crime and corruption both in countries where democracy is securely in place and where it is struggling, have fuelled a deepening skepticism as to the capacity of democracy to deliver on its promise of security and justice for all citizens. What role does crime and criminal justice play in the future of democracy and for democratic political development on a global level? The editors of this special volume of The Annals realized the importance of collecting research from a broad spectrum of countries and covering a range of problems that affect citizens, politicians, and criminal justice officials. The articles here represent a solid balance between mature democracies like the U.S. and U.K. as well as emerging democracies around the globe – specifically in Latin America, Africa and Eastern Europe. They are based on large and small cross-national samples, regional comparisons, and case studies. Each contribution addresses a seminal question for the future of democratic political development across the globe. What is the role of criminal justice in the process of building democracy and instilling confidence in its institutions? Is there a role for unions in democratizing police forces? What is the impact of widespread disenfranchisement of felons on democratic citizenship and the life of democratic institutions? Under what circumstances do mature democracies adopt punitive sentencing regimes? Addressing sensitive topics such as relations between police and the Muslim communities of Western Europe in the wake of terrorist attacks, this volume also sheds light on the effects of terrorism on mature democracies under increasing pressure to provide security for their citizens. By taking a broad vantage point, this collection of research delves into complex topics such as the relationship between the process of democratization and violent crime waves; the impact of rising crime rates on newly established as well as secure democracies; how crime may endanger the transition to democracy; and how existing practices of criminal justice in mature democracies affect their core values and institutions. The collection of these insightful articles not only begins to fill a gap in criminological research but also addresses issues of critical interest to political scientists as well as other social and behavioral scientists and scholars. Taking a fresh approach to the intersection of crime, criminal justice, and democracy, this volume of The Annals is a must-read for criminologists and political scientists and provides a solid foundation for further interdisciplinary research.

Democracy and participation in Singapore : a case study

A typical characteristic of the ongoing practice of democracy in Singapore has been described by some scholars as 'illiberal democracy'. Noting that Singapore 's brand of democracy operates within a 'dominant, one-party system', other scholars cushioned such a democratic practice by their reference to 'semi-democracy', 'controlled democracy, 'guided democracy, and 'communitarian democracy'. However, despite the demonstration that there are many restrictions in the type of democracy that exists in Singapore, the benefits are numerous. Singapore is the only country in the world to have transformed itself from a developing country to a developed country in less than only forty years. But its slower move towards a culture ofparticipation must move as quickly as globalization does if it is to remain in relevant and legitimate democracy. If the younger generation understands that they should have the right to a voice before the government acknowledges it, the transition could be more tumultuous than necessary.