Proposal of a dedicated telemetry device for real-time and remote measurements

This work aims to demonstrate an application of telemetry for monitoring process variables. The authors developed the prototype of a dedicated device capable of multiplexing, encoding and transmitting real-time data signals via amplitude-shift keying modulation to remotely located device(s). The prototype development is described in details, enabling the reproduction of the proposed telemetry system for a three-phase motor as well as for other devices. Furthermore, the proposed device has an easy implementation by using of accessible components and low cost, also presenting a tutorial and educational purpose. © 2011 IEEE.

Trigger tool num serviço de medicina: uma ferramenta para a melhoria da segurança do doente

Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde

Toward a new generation of photonic humidity sensors

This review offers new perspectives on the subject and highlights an area in need of further research. It includes an analysis of current scientific literature mainly covering the last decade and examines the trends in the development of electronic, acoustic and optical-fiber humidity sensors over this period. The major findings indicate that a new generation of sensor technology based on optical fibers is emerging. The current trends suggest that electronic humidity sensors could soon be replaced by sensors that are based on photonic structures. Recent scientific advances are expected to allow dedicated systems to avoid the relatively high price of interrogation modules that is currently a major disadvantage of fiber-based sensors.

Medizinische und gesundheitsökonomische Bewertung der Radiochirurgie zur Behandlung von Hirnmetastasen

Hintergrund: Für die Therapie maligner Neubildungen stellt die Strahlentherapie wichtige Behandlungsmöglichkeiten dar, die sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten deutlich weiterentwickelt haben. Hierzu gehört unter anderem die stereotaktische Radiochirurgie (SRS), die durch eine einmalige Applikation fokussierter hoher Strahlendosen in einem klar definierten Zeitraum gekennzeichnet ist. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die SRS für die Behandlung von Hirnmetastasen. Fragestellung: Ziel dieses HTA-Berichts ist die Erstellung einer umfassenden Übersicht der aktuellen Literatur der Behandlung von Hirnmetastasen, um die Radiochirurgie als alleinige Therapie oder in Kombination mit Therapiealternativen bezüglich der medizinischen Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie ethischer, sozialer und juristischer Aspekte zu vergleichen. Methodik: Relevante Publikationen deutscher und englischer Sprache werden über eine strukturierte Datenbank- sowie mittels Handrecherche zwischen Januar 2002 und August 2007 identifiziert. Die Zielpopulation bilden Patienten mit einer oder mehreren Hirnmetastasen. Eine Beurteilung der methodischen Qualität wird unter Beachtung von Kriterien der evidenzbasierten Medizin (EbM) durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Von insgesamt 1.495 Treffern erfüllen 15 Studien die medizinischen Einschlusskriterien. Insgesamt ist die Studienqualität stark eingeschränkt und mit Ausnahme von zwei randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCT) und zwei Metaanalysen werden ausschließlich historische Kohortenstudien identifiziert. Die Untersuchung relevanter Endpunkte ist uneinheitlich. Qualitativ hochwertige Studien zeigen, dass die Ergänzung der Ganzhirnbestrahlung (WBRT) zur SRS sowie der SRS zur WBRT mit einer verbesserten lokalen Tumorkontrolle und Funktionsfähigkeit einhergeht. Nur im Vergleich zur alleinigen WBRT resultiert die Kombination von SRS und WBRT jedoch bei Patienten mit singulären Hirnmetastasen, RPA-Klasse 1 (RPA = Rekursive Partitionierungsanalyse) und bestimmten Primärtumoren in verbesserter Überlebenszeit. Die Therapiesicherheit zeigt in beiden Fällen keine deutlichen Unterschiede zwischen den Interventionsgruppen. Methodisch weniger hochwertige Studien finden keine eindeutigen Unterschiede zwischen SRS und WBRT, SRS und Neurochirurgie (NC) sowie SRS und hypofraktionierter Strahlentherapie (HCSRT). Die Lebensqualität wird in keiner Studie untersucht. Durch die Datenbankrecherche werden 320 Publikationen für den ökonomischen Bereich identifiziert. Insgesamt werden fünf davon für den vorliegenden Health Technology Assessment (HTA)-Bericht verwendet. Die Qualität der Publikationen ist dabei unterschiedlich. Bezüglich der Wirtschaftlichkeit verschiedener Gerätealternativen ergibt sich, unter der Annahme gleicher Wirksamkeit, eine starke Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl der behandelten Patienten. Im Fall, dass die beiden Gerätealternativen nur für die SRS verwandt werden, liegen Hinweise vor, dass das Gamma Knife kostengünstiger sein kann. Andernfalls ist es sehr wahrscheinlich, dass der flexiblere modifizierte Linearbeschleuniger kostengünstiger ist. Nach einem HTA sind die Gesamtkosten für ein Gamma Knife und einen dedizierten Linearbeschleuniger ungefähr gleich, während ein modifizierter Linearbeschleuniger günstiger ist. Für ethische, juristische und soziale Fragestellungen werden keine relevanten Publikationen identifiziert. Diskussion: Insgesamt sind sowohl die Qualität als auch die Quantität identifizierter Studien stark reduziert. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass die Prognose von Patienten mit Hirnmetastasen auch unter modernsten therapeutischen Möglichkeiten schlecht ist. Ausreichend starke Evidenz gibt es lediglich für die Untersuchung ergänzender WBRT zur SRS und der ergänzenden SRS zur WBRT. Ein direkter Vergleich von SRS und WBRT, SRS und NC sowie SRS und HCSRT ist hingegen nicht möglich. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit verschiedener Gerätealternativen hängt von der Patientenzahl und den behandelten Indikationen ab. Für ausgelastete dedizierte Systeme, liegen Hinweise vor, dass sie kostengünstiger sein können. Bei flexibler Nutzung scheinen modifizierte Systeme wirtschaftlich vorteilhafter. Diese Aussagen erfolgen unter der nicht gesicherten Annahme gleicher Wirksamkeit der Alternativen. Die Behandlungspräzision der Geräte kann Einfluss auf die Gerätewahl haben. Zu neueren Gerätealternativen wie z. B. dem CyberKnife liegen bisher keine Untersuchungen vor. Aus der wirtschaftlich vorteilhaften hohen Auslastung folgt aber eine begrenzte Geräteanzahl in einem vorgegebenen Gebiet, was evtl. einen gleichberechtigten, wohnortnahen Zugang zu dieser Technik erschwert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Kombination SRS und WBRT geht mit einer verbesserten lokalen Tumorkontrolle und Funktionsfähigkeit gegenüber der jeweils alleinigen Therapie einher. Nur für Patienten mit singulärer Metastase resultiert dies in Vorteilen der Überlebenszeit. Qualitativ hochwertige Studien sind notwendig um die SRS direkt mit WBRT und NC zu vergleichen. Weiterhin sollte besonders die Lebensqualität in zukünftigen Studien mitberücksichtigt werden. Bei der Art des verwendeten Gerätes zeichnet sich eine deutliche Abhängigkeit der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Geräte von der erreichbaren Auslastung ab. Hohe Patientenzahlen bieten Vorteile für spezialisierte Systeme und bei geringeren Patientenzahlen ist die Flexibilität modifizierter System vorteilhaft. Weitere Studien z. B. zum CyberKnife sind wünschenswert. Insgesamt ist die Studienlage insbesondere für das deutsche Gesundheitssystem sehr mangelhaft.

Microstrip antenna array for multiband dedicated short range communications systems

Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) is the key enabling technology for the present and future vehicular communication for various applications, such as safety improvement and traffic jam mitigation. This paper describes the development of a microstrip antenna array for the roadside equipment of a DSRC system, whose characteristics are according with the vehicular communications standards. The proposed antenna, with circular polarization, has a wide bandwidth, enough to cover the current European DSRC 5.8 GHz band and the future 5.9 GHz band for next generation DSRC communications. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53: 2794-2796, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26394

Comparison of simulated periodontal bone defect depth measured in digital radiographs in dedicated and non-dedicated software systems

Objectives: To compare simulated periodontal bone defect depth measured in digital radiographs with dedicated and non-dedicated software systems and to compare the depth measurements from each program with the measurements in dry mandibles.Methods: Forty periodontal bone defects were created at the proximal area of the first premolar in dry pig mandibles. Measurements of the defects were performed with a periodontal probe in the dry mandible. Periapical digital radiographs of the defects were recorded using the Schick sensor in a standardized exposure setting. All images were read using a Schick dedicated software system (CDR DICOM for Windows v.3.5), and three commonly available non-dedicated software systems (Vix Win 2000 v.1.2; Adobe Photoshop 7.0 and Image Tool 3.0). The defects were measured three times in each image and a consensus was reached among three examiners using the four software systems. The difference between the radiographic measurements was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by comparing the measurements from each software system with the dry mandibles measurements using Student's t-test.Results: the mean values of the bone defects measured in the radiographs were 5.07 rum, 5.06 rum, 5.01 mm and 5.11 mm for CDR Digital Image and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) for Windows, Vix Win, Adobe Photoshop, and Image Tool, respectively, and 6.67 mm for the dry mandible. The means of the measurements performed in the four software systems were not significantly different, ANOVA (P = 0.958). A significant underestimation of defect depth was obtained when we compared the mean depths from each software system with the dry mandible measurements (t-test; P congruent to 0.000).Conclusions: the periodontal bone defect measurements in dedicated and in three non-dedicated software systems were not significantly different, but they all underestimated the measurements when compared with the measurements obtained in the dry mandibles.

Defects location in power systems components through a dedicated genetic algorithm

In this work the problem of defects location in power systems is formulated through a binary linear programming (BLP) model based on alarms historical database of control and protection devices from the system control center, sets theory of minimal coverage (AI) and protection philosophy adopted by the electric utility. In this model, circuit breaker operations are compared to their expected states in a strictly mathematical manner. For solving this BLP problem, which presents a great number of decision variables, a dedicated Genetic Algorithm (GA), is proposed. Control parameters of the GA, such as crossing over and mutation rates, population size, iterations number and population diversification, are calibrated in order to obtain efficiency and robustness. Results for a test system found in literature, are presented and discussed. © 2004 IEEE.

Performance analysis of multiprocessor systems containing functional dedicated processors /

"UILU-ENG 77 1720."

A manufacturing systems modelling using system dynamics:forming a dedicated modelling tool

Discrete event simulation is a popular aid for manufacturing system design; however in application this technique can sometimes be unnecessarily complex. This paper is concerned with applying an alternative technique to manufacturing system design which may well provide an efficient form of rough-cut analysis. This technique is System Dynamics, and the work described in this paper has set about incorporating the principles of this technique into a computer based modelling tool that is tailored to manufacturing system design. This paper is structured to first explore the principles of System Dynamics and how they differ from Discrete Event Simulation. The opportunity for System Dynamics is then explored, and this leads to defining the capabilities that a suitable tool would need. This specification is then transformed into a computer modelling tool, which is then assessed by applying this tool to model an engine production facility. Read More: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219686703000228

Harmonic identification using parallel neural networks in single-phase systems

In this paper, artificial neural networks are employed in a novel approach to identify harmonic components of single-phase nonlinear load currents, whose amplitude and phase angle are subject to unpredictable changes, even in steady-state. The first six harmonic current components are identified through the variation analysis of waveform characteristics. The effectiveness of this method is tested by applying it to the model of a single-phase active power filter, dedicated to the selective compensation of harmonic current drained by an AC controller. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed approach. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

The decentralized social networking systems towards mobilizing actions of citizenship and solidarity against cancer

The goal of the present study is mapping the nature of possible contributions of participatory online platforms in citizen actions that may contribute in the fight against cancer and its associated consequences. These platforms are usually associated with entertainment: in that sense, we intent to test their validity in other domains such as health, as well as contribute to an expanded perception of their potential by their users. The research is based on the analysis of online solidarity networks, namely the ones residing on Facebook, Orkut and the blogosphere, that citizens have been gradually resorting to. The research is also based on the development of newer and more efficient solutions that provide the individual (directly or indirectly affected by issues of oncology) with the means to overcome feelings of impotence and fatality. In this article, we aim at summarizing the processes of usage of these decentralized, freer participatory platforms by citizens and institutions, while attempting to unravel existing hype and stigma; we also provide a first survey of the importance and the role of institutions in this kind of endeavor; lastly, we present a prototype, developed in the context of the present study, that is specifically dedicated to addressing oncology through social media. This prototype is already available online at www.talkingaboutcancer.org, however, still under development and testing. The main objective of this platform is to allow every citizen to freely build their network of contacts and information, according to their own individual and/ or collective needs and desires.

Scalable and efficient data processing in networked control systems

Network control systems (NCSs) are spatially distributed systems in which the communication between sensors, actuators and controllers occurs through a shared band-limited digital communication network. However, the use of a shared communication network, in contrast to using several dedicated independent connections, introduces new challenges which are even more acute in large scale and dense networked control systems. In this paper we investigate a recently introduced technique of gathering information from a dense sensor network to be used in networked control applications. Obtaining efficiently an approximate interpolation of the sensed data is exploited as offering a good tradeoff between accuracy in the measurement of the input signals and the delay to the actuation. These are important aspects to take into account for the quality of control. We introduce a variation to the state-of-the-art algorithms which we prove to perform relatively better because it takes into account the changes over time of the input signal within the process of obtaining an approximate interpolation.

Assessment and optimization of wind energy integration into the power systems: application to the portuguese system

The increasing integration of wind energy in power systems can be responsible for the occurrence of over-generation, especially during the off-peak periods. This paper presents a dedicated methodology to identify and quantify the occurrence of this over-generation and to evaluate some of the solutions that can be adopted to mitigate this problem. The methodology is applied to the Portuguese power system, in which the wind energy is expected to represent more than 25% of the installed capacity in a near future. The results show that the pumped-hydro units will not provide enough energy storage capacity and, therefore, wind curtailments are expected to occur in the Portuguese system. Additional energy storage devices can be implemented to offset the wind energy curtailments. However, the investment analysis performed show that they are not economically viable, due to the present high capital costs involved.

A Real Time Vision System for Autonomous Systems: Characterization during a Middle Size Match

in RoboCup 2007: Robot Soccer World Cup XI