102 resultados para DSI


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To select each node by devices and by contexts in urban computing, users have to put their plan information and their requests into a computing environment (ex. PDA, Smart Devices, Laptops, etc.) in advance and they will try to keep the optimized states between users and the computing environment. However, because of bad contexts, users may get the wrong decision, so, one of the users’ demands may be requesting the good server which has higher security. To take this issue, we define the structure of Dynamic State Information (DSI) which takes a process about security including the relevant factors in sending/receiving contexts, which select the best during user movement with server quality and security states from DSI. Finally, whenever some information changes, users and devices get the notices including security factors, then an automatic reaction can be possible; therefore all users can safely use all devices in urban computing.

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MRI tractography is the mapping of neural fiber pathways based on diffusion MRI of tissue diffusion anisotropy. Tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) cannot directly image multiple fiber orientations within a single voxel. To address this limitation, diffusion spectrum MRI (DSI) and related methods were developed to image complex distributions of intravoxel fiber orientation. Here we demonstrate that tractography based on DSI has the capacity to image crossing fibers in neural tissue. DSI was performed in formalin-fixed brains of adult macaque and in the brains of healthy human subjects. Fiber tract solutions were constructed by a streamline procedure, following directions of maximum diffusion at every point, and analyzed in an interactive visualization environment (TrackVis). We report that DSI tractography accurately shows the known anatomic fiber crossings in optic chiasm, centrum semiovale, and brainstem; fiber intersections in gray matter, including cerebellar folia and the caudate nucleus; and radial fiber architecture in cerebral cortex. In contrast, none of these examples of fiber crossing and complex structure was identified by DTI analysis of the same data sets. These findings indicate that DSI tractography is able to image crossing fibers in neural tissue, an essential step toward non-invasive imaging of connectional neuroanatomy.

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Devido à intensidade da concorrência entre as empresas, estas sentem-se cada vez mais forçadas a ter as suas estratégias organizacionais bem delimitadas e translúcidas de forma a garantir o sucesso e a vantagem competitiva. O BSC tem demonstrado, desde o primórdio, uma excelente ferramenta de gestão estratégica nas empresas, pois visa traduzir a estratégia da empresa em objetivos, indicadores, metas e iniciativas dentro de quatro perspetivas: financeira, clientes, processos internos e aprendizado e crescimento; ajuda as empresas a identificar os fatores críticos de sucesso e a interligar os objetivos estratégico através da relação de causa e efeito espelhado num mapa estratégico. Dado que os estudos desenvolvidos a respeito da aplicação desse instrumento estão voltados para as grandes organizações, o presente trabalho de investigação que versa o tema “Aplicação do Balanced Scorecard numa pequena e média empresa de São Vicente”, objetiva apresentar como o uso dos conceitos do BSC pode contribuir para a melhoria do seu desempenho organizacional a longo prazo. Para alcançar o objetivo definido em relação à fundamentação teórica fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e em relação à sua aplicabilidade desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso, em que foi necessário aplicação de entrevistas, questionários bem como o uso do método de observação direta e a análise documental. Os resultados conquistados indicam que, apesar das suas especificidades ou limitações, o BSC é exequível às PME desde que as mesmas seguem os procedimentos básicos dessa aplicação para as PME.

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A cikk a közszolgáltatások szempontjából elemzi az állam szerepét a XXI. században. Megállapítja, hogy a modern demokráciát nemcsak a jogszerűség, hanem az eredményesség is legitimálja. Ennek érdekében a 90-es években a fejlett nyugati államokban elkezdődött az állami-közszolgáltató rendszerek reformja. Ezek közös jellemzője volt, hogy menedzsmentreformokkal kezdődtek, amelyek kiegészültek közpolitikai reformokkal és közigazgatási jogi innovációkkal. A reformlépések sorozatának lényegi törekvése a közszolgáltató rendszerek és szervezetek olyan alapvető átalakítása, amely jelentősen megnöveli a hatékonyságot, az eredményességet, az alkalmazkodóképességet és az innovációs kapacitásokat. Megtöri a szolgáltatási monopóliumokat olyan versenykörülmények kialakításával, amelyben az állami, a magán és a civil társadalom szolgáltató szervezetei versenyeznek. A közszolgálati menedzsment megújítása a modern polgári demokráciák állampolgáraihoz, mint igényes közszolgáltatási fogyasztókhoz közelít.

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A multilaterális kapcsolatok jelentős összetevője lett a nemzetközi fejlesztési együttműködés, amelynek általános célkitűzései és konkrét céljai nagymértékben változtak az elmúlt hat évtizedben. A fenntartható fejlődéssel kapcsolatos együttműködés az 1980-as évek végétől bontakozott ki. Mindkét nemzetközi mechanizmus – eddig nagyon korlátozott eredményességgel – súlyos globális fenntarthatatlan problémákkal foglalkozik. E két párhuzamosan futó folyamat jövőbeli irányultságának, céljainak összehangolása a jelenleg folyó nemzetközi egyeztetések egyik fő tétje.

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A 2008-as gazdasági válság a menedzsmentdöntések homlokterébe helyezte a tudástőke-befektetéseket, aminek következtében a tudásmenedzsment szembetűnően dinamikus fejlődésnek indult. A fejlődés azonban globális szinten másfajta intenzitást mutat, mint Magyarországon. A szerző kutatása ezeket a különbségeket igyekszik feltárni a magyar üzleti tanácsadó cégek tudásmenedzsment-gyakorlatán keresztül. A fejlődéstörténetet három részre bontva vizsgálta: rendszer, stratégia és versenyképesség szintjén. A magyar vezetési tanácsadók tudásmenedzsment-gyakorlatáról megállapítható, hogy komoly szakmai munka folyik a vizsgált vállalatok mindegyikénél, azonban kivétel nélkül van még továbbfejlődési lehetőség a tudás menedzselésében.

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A választottbíráskodás történetileg elsősorban a kereskedelmi jogvitákra szabottan kialakított sajátos vitarendezési mód. Aligha meglepő hát, hogy a fogyasztói jogviták arbitrálhatóságának kérdése időről időre felmerül. Az utóbbi időben – figyelemmel az uniós jogi fejleményekre, valamint a magyar jogfejlődési tendenciákra is – különösen a fogyasztói szerződésekbe ÁSZF útján inkorporált választottbírósági kikötések jogi sorsa vet fel izgalmas kérdéseket. A jelen tanulmány ezek egy részét igyekszik körüljárni.

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A cikk nemzetközi cégeknél, illetve multinacionális vállalkozások hazai leányvállalatainál folytatott kutatás és szakértői megbeszélések alapján az ERP- (Enterprise Resource Planning) rendszerek globális telepítésének IT-struktúráit mutatja be, mely struktúrák a konszernszintű (centralizált) és országspecifikus (lokális) feldolgozások kapcsolatában alakulnak ki. A szerzők célja, hogy az ERP-rendszerek egyre növekvő alkalmazásainak telepítési formáit modellekbe foglalják. A gyakorlati tapasztalatok és szakirodalmi elemzés alapján az ERP globalizálódási folyamat fejlődési irányait is bemutatják.

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Resource specialisation, although a fundamental component of ecological theory, is employed in disparate ways. Most definitions derive from simple counts of resource species. We build on recent advances in ecophylogenetics and null model analysis to propose a concept of specialisation that comprises affinities among resources as well as their co-occurrence with consumers. In the distance-based specialisation index (DSI), specialisation is measured as relatedness (phylogenetic or otherwise) of resources, scaled by the null expectation of random use of locally available resources. Thus, specialists use significantly clustered sets of resources, whereas generalists use over-dispersed resources. Intermediate species are classed as indiscriminate consumers. The effectiveness of this approach was assessed with differentially restricted null models, applied to a data set of 168 herbivorous insect species and their hosts. Incorporation of plant relatedness and relative abundance greatly improved specialisation measures compared to taxon counts or simpler null models, which overestimate the fraction of specialists, a problem compounded by insufficient sampling effort. This framework disambiguates the concept of specialisation with an explicit measure applicable to any mode of affinity among resource classes, and is also linked to ecological and evolutionary processes. This will enable a more rigorous deployment of ecological specialisation in empirical and theoretical studies.

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RESUMO: A organização militar é uma das mais importantes para qualquer , é uma instituição com regras e valores muito bem definidos, em que factores como a personalidade e o stress terão de ser muito bem avaliados para que se possa integrar uma carreira militar. A amostra estudada foi constituída por 200 militares da Força Aérea Portuguesa, com idade compreendidas entre os 19 e os 52 anos sendo a média de idades 26,3 anos (DP= 5,9). Em estudos anteriores verifiou-se que as diferenças entre géneros são uma condicionante no dia-a-dia de um militar (Lorenzi-Cioldi, 1994). Contudo, Eagly (1987), afirma que a diferença entre géneros tem uma pequena percentagem (5%) contra os 95 % de variabilidade explicada por outros factores na vida militar. Com esta investigação pretendeu-se verificar se existem diferenças entre géneros em relação aos factores básicos da personalidade, stress, afectividade e desejabilidade social, para além de outros aspectos relacionados com estes factores. Utilizaram-se as seguintes medidas de avaliação: o Big Five Factory, BFI (Benet-Martínez & John, 1998), a Paulhus Deception Scale, PDS (Paulhus, 1998), a Positive and Negative Affect Shedule, PANAS (Watson, Clark e Tellenger, 1998) e o Daily Stress Inventory, DSI (Brantley e Glenn, 1989). Conclui-se que ao nível da personalidade, nos factores de extroversão e conscienciosidade as mulheres apresentam valores mais elevados que os homens, em relação ao stress, nos factores competências pessoais, factores ambientais e stressores variados as mulheres obtêm valores mais baixos que os homens. ABSTRACT: The military institution is one of the most important in any country, it has very strict rules and values and therefore factors such as personality and stress must be thoroughly evaluated in order to integrate a military career. The sample under study is constituted by 200 militaries of the Portuguese Air Force, with ages between 19 and 52 years old, being the average 26,3 (DP=5,9). From previous studies it is know that differences in gender constitute a special condition in military personnel day to day life (Lorenzi-Cioldi, 1994). On the other hand, Eagly (1987) states that gender differences represents a small percentage (5%) against 95 % of variance explained by other military life factors. The main focus of this investigation was to determine if there were differences in gender in personality, stress, affect, social desirability and also to study other aspects related to these factors. The measures used were: the Big Five Factory, BFI (Benet-Martínez & John, 1998), the Paulhus Deception Scale, PDS (Paulhus, 1998), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS (Watson, Clark e Tellenger, 1998), the Daily Stress Inventory, DSI (Brantley e Glenn, 1998). It was concluded that on the personality level, women present higher scores on factors such as extroversion and consciousness. On the stress level, when considering factors such as personal competences, environmental factors and varied stressors, women present lower scores than men.

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In the actual world, the impact of the software buying decisions has a rising relevance in social and economic terms. This research tries to explain it focusing on the organizations buying decisions of Operating Systems and Office Suites for personal computers and the impact on the competition between incumbent and alternative players in the market in these software categories, although the research hypotheses and conclusions may extend to other software categories and platforms. We concluded that in this market beside brand image, product features or price, other factors could have influence in the buying choices. Network effect, switching costs, local network effect, lock-in or consumer heterogeneity all have influence in the buying decision, protecting the incumbent and making it difficult for the competitive alternatives, based mainly on product features and price, to gain market share to the incumbent. This happens in a stronger way in the Operating Systems category.