滤食性鲢、鳙肠含物PCR-DGGE指纹分析

以采自武汉东湖的滤食性鲢、鳙为对象,通过PCR-DGGE并结合序列分析对其肠道微生物及肠含物中残留的食物组分进行了探索研究。在所有个体中都能检测到不同的PCR-DGGE指纹谱带,其中包括肠道细菌在内的原核谱带较多,真核谱带相对较少;分析结果表明针对鲢、鳙肠含物这一特殊生境样品进行PCR-DGGE指纹分析是可行的。PCR-DGGE指纹结构及针对部分特定PCR-DGGE谱带的序列分析显示,从武汉东湖采集的鲢、鳙在食性上存在很大的重叠,并没有像基于常规食性分析文献报道的那样明显不同。基于肠含物DNA来进行鱼类食

PCR-DGGE Fingerprinting Analysis of Plankton Communities and Its Relationship to Lake Trophic Status

Plankton communities in eight lakes of different trophic status near Yangtze, China were characterized by using denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Various water quality parameters were also measured at each collection site. Following extraction of DNA from plankton communities, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes were amplified with specific primers for prokaryotes and eukaryotes, respectively; DNA profiles were developed by DGGE. The plankton community of each lake had its own distinct DNA profile. The total number of bands identified at 34 sampling stations ranged from 37 to 111. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes displayed complex fingerprints composed of a large number of bands: 16 to 59 bands were obtained with the prokaryotic primer set; 21 to 52 bands for the eukaryotic primer set. The DGGE-patterns were analyzed in relation to water quality parameters by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Temperature, pH, alkalinity, and the concentration of COD, TP and TN were strongly correlated with the DGGE patterns. The parameters that demonstrated a strong correlation to the DGGE fingerprints of the plankton community differed among lakes, suggesting that differences in the DGGE fingerprints were due mainly to lake trophic status. Results of the present study suggest that PCR-DGGE fingerprinting is an effective and precise method of identifying changes to plankton community composition, and therefore could be a useful ecological tool for monitoring the response of aquatic ecosystems to environmental perturbations.

Plankton community composition in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region revealed by PCR-DGGE and its relationships with environmental factors

To explore the relationships between community composition and the environment in a reservoir ecosystem, plankton communities from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region were studied by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting. Bacterial and eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs), generated by DGGE analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S and 18S rRNA genes, were used as surrogates for the dominant "biodiversity units". OTU composition among the sites was heterogeneous; 46.7% of the total bacteria] OTUs (45) and 64.1% of the eukaryotic OTUs (39) were identified in less than half of the sampling sites. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clustering of the OTUs suggested that the plankton communities in the Xiangxi Rive sites were not always significantly different from those from the Yangtze River sites, despite clear differences in their environmental characterizations. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to further investigate the relationships between OTU composition and the environmental factors. The first two CCA ordination axes suggested that the bacterial community composition was primarily correlated with the variables of NO3--N, dissolved oxygen (DO), and SiO32--Si, whereas, the eukaryotic community was mainly correlated with the concentrations of DO, PO43--P, and SiO32--Si.

Genetic diversity of plankton community as depicted by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting and its relation to morphological composition and environmental factors in lake donghu

To collect information about the genetic diversity of the plankton community and to study how plankton respond to environmental conditions, plankton samples were collected from five stations representing different trophic levels in a shallow, eutrophic lake (Lake Donghu), and investigated by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting. A total of 100 bands (61 of 16S rDNA bands and 39 of 18S rDNA bands) were detected. The DGGE bands unique to any single station accounted for 38% of the total bands, whereas common bands detected at all five stations accounted for only 11%. Using UPGMA clustering and MDS ordination of DGGE fingerprints, stations I and II were found to initially group together into one cluster, which was later joined by station V. Stations III and IV were isolated into two separate groups of one station each. Some differences in grouping relationships were found when analysis was completed on the basis of chemical characteristics and morphological composition, with zooplankton composition showing the greatest variability. However, the most similar stations (I and II) were always initially grouped into one cluster. Moreover, stations that exhibited the same or similar trophic level (stations III and IV), but different concentrations of heavy metals, were further differentiated by the DGGE method. Results of the present study indicated that PCR-DGGE fingerprinting was more sensitive than the traditional methods, as other studies suggested. Additionally, PCR-DGGE appears to be more appropriate for diversity characterization of the plankton community, as it is more canonical, systematic, and effective. Most importantly, fingerprinting results are more convenient for the comparative analyses between different studies. Therefore, the use of the described fingerprinting analysis may provide an operable and sensitive biomonitoring approach to identify critical, and potentially negative, stress within an aquatic ecosystem.

OLAND生物脱氮系统中硝化菌群16SrDNA的DGGE分析

为了考察生物脱氮系统中硝化菌群 (氨氧化菌和亚硝酸氧化菌 )的种群多样性及硝化菌群随溶解氧降低的种群变化规律 ,并建立一套行之有效的用于自养生物脱氮系统中功能微生物菌群的快速分子检测技术 ,采用DGGE (变性梯度凝胶电泳 )分子检测技术对硝化菌群的 16SrDNA的特异性PCR扩增产物进行了分析 ,结果表明 :OLAND生物脱氮系统中氨氧化菌和亚硝酸氧化菌随溶解氧的降低表现出了不同的种群变化规律 ,氨氧化菌种群多样性受溶解氧的影响非常大 ,而亚硝酸氧化菌的种群多样性比较单一 ,且不受溶解氧的影响。结合FISH (全细胞荧光原位杂交 )分析结果表明 ,在OLAND限氧稳定运行后期 ,亚硝化单胞菌属 (Nitrosomonas)是主要的氨氧化菌 ,占OLAND限氧亚硝化阶段反应器中总细菌数的 72 .5 %左右

利用DGGE指纹图谱技术考察不同营养条件下土壤微生物群落结构的变化

利用现代分子生物学技术,结合经典方法,克服传统的分离培养缺陷,探讨在不同营养条件下土壤微生物群落的基因多样性。经过直接从土壤中抽提总DNA,并对总DNA中16S rDNA及其中V6~V8可变区序列作PCR扩增、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析等,发现不同处理条件下的土壤微生物的基因多样性变化与土壤微生物量的波动并不一致,说明微生物群落多样性与微生物量的关系并非线形。同时发现秸秆的添加更有利于土壤微生物群落的稳定。

应用PCR-DGGE技术分析长江口低氧区和黄海冷水团的细菌群落组成

利用PCR-DGGE技术对长江口外低氧区海域和黄海冷水团海域的细菌群落组成进行了分析。 长江口外低氧区海域的细菌群落组成分析结果为：对获得的25条DGGE条带进行了克隆、测序，所得到的序列进行了系统进化分析（细菌16S rRNA基因V3区序列），分别归属于4个细菌类群：变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)。其中有16条分别与变形细菌亚群的γ和δ-Proteobacteria相似。通过时空分析发现，低氧水体的细菌群落组成与非低氧水体的组成是不同的。低氧水体的优势菌群是拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)中的Flavobacteria。 黄海冷水团海域的细菌群落组成和优势菌群分析结果为：细菌16S rDNA V3区特征片段经DGGE分离、条带切割，共得到24条DGGE条带，克隆、测序后，将所得序列进行系统进化分析，分别归属于2个细菌类群：变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)。在24条序列中有16条分别与变形细菌亚群的γ和δ-Proteobacteria相似，有5条与拟杆菌门相似。通过时空分析发现，10月份（冷水团存在期），冷水团内部水体的细菌群落组成包括γ-Proteobacteria、δ-Proteobacteria和Bacteroides，而冷水团外部的水体的细菌群落组成包括γ-Proteobacteria和Bacteroides。冷水团内部水层的优势菌群为γ-Proteobacteria。4月份虽然冷水团没有形成，但是所调查的海域海水温度都不高，在7℃－12℃范围内，所以4月份所有站位，不管是底层的还是总的的细菌群落组成都与10月份冷水团内部（海水温度低于10℃）水体的相同，与10月份冷水团外部（海水温度大于19℃）的不同。

PCR-DGGE analysis of intestinal bacteria and effect of Bacillus spp. on intestinal microbial diversity in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus)

In this study, the intestinal microbiota of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) was examined by molecular analysis of the 16S rDNA to identify the dominant intestinal bacteria and to investigate the effects of Bacillus spp. on intestinal microbial diversity. Samples of the intestines of kuruma shrimp fed normal feed and Bacillus spp. amended feed. PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses were then performed on DNA extracted directly from the guts. Population fingerprints of the predominant organisms were generated by DGGE analysis of the universal V3 16S rDNA amplicons, and distinct bands in the gels were sequenced. The results suggested that the gut of kuruma shrimp was dominated by Vibrio sp. and uncultured gamma proteobacterium. Overall, the results of this study suggest that PCR-DGGE is a possible method of studying the intestinal microbial diversity of shrimp.

Aplicação da técnica eletroforese em gel de gradiente desnaturante (DGGE) na caracterização de microrganismos dominantes na rizosfera de plantas cultivadas em solo ácido.

2005

Análise da diversidade micorrízica na rizosfera de genótipos de milho (Zea mays L.) contrastantes para eficiência no uso de P utilizando eletroforese em gel de gradiente desnaturante (DGGE).

A diversidade genética de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) presentes na rizosfera de genótipos de milho tropicais, selecionados como contrastantes para eficiência no uso de fósforo (P), foi avaliada pela técnica de eletroforese em gel de gradiente desnaturante (DGGE). Fragmentos de DNA ribossômico (rDNA) foram amplificados por PCR, utilizando primers específicos para as famílias Acaulosporaceae e Glomaceae de fungos micorrízicos. Na análise por DGGE, os primers para as famílias Acaulosporaceae e Glomaceae foram eficientes na diferenciação das populações micorrízicas. Os genótipos de milho tiveram uma maior influência na comunidade de FMA da rizosfera do que o nível de P no solo. Os perfis de DGGE revelaram bandas que estavam presentes somente nos genótipos eficientes no uso de P (L3 e HT3060), sugerindo que alguns grupos de FMA foram estimulados por estes genótipos. As espécies Acaulospora longula, A. rugosa, A. scrobiculata, A. morrowiae e Glomus caledonium foram encontradas somente na rizosfera dos genótipos de milho eficientes no uso de P cultivados em solos com baixo teor de fósforo. Uma maior diversidade micorrízica foi encontrada nas amostras coletadas em solos de plantio direto, comparados com solos de plantio convencional. A efetiva colonização das raízes por FMA pode aumentar a eficiência de uso de P de cultivares em solos sob baixo P, influenciando a produção de milho em solos ácidos do Cerrado.