996 resultados para Curcuma longa
Resumo:
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a triploid, vegetatively propagated crop introduced early during the colonization of Brazil. Turmeric rhizomes are ground into a powder used as a natural dye in the food industry, although recent research suggests a greater potential for the development of drugs and cosmetics. In Brazil, little is known about the genetic variability available for crop improvement. We examined the genetic diversity among turmeric accessions from a Brazilian germplasm collection comprising 39 accessions collected from the States of Goias, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, and Para. For comparison, 18 additional genotypes were analyzed, including samples from India and Puerto Rico. Total DNA was extracted from lyophilized leaf tissue and genetic analysis was performed using 17 microsatellite markers (single-sequence repeats). Shannon-Weiner indexes ranged from 0.017 (Minas Gerais) to 0.316 (Sao Paulo). Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated major differences between countries (63.4%) and that most of the genetic diversity in Brazil is found within states (75.3%). Genotypes from Sao Paulo State were the most divergent and potentially useful for crop improvement. Structure analysis indicated two main groups of accessions. These results can help target future collecting efforts for introduction of new materials needed to develop more productive and better adapted cultivars.
Resumo:
P>Curcuma longa L. is a sterile, triploid, vegetatively-propagated crop cultivated mainly in Southeast Asia. When dried rhizomes are ground, the resulting yellow powder is used by the food industry as a natural food dye. Moreover, many pharmacological compounds have broadened the commercial application of the crop. However, conventional breeding is difficult and hence, improvement has been limited to germplasm selection. To better utilize the germplasm collections and facilitate genotype selection, a total of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed using a CT/GT/CTT enriched genomic library. All microsatellites resulted in amplified PCR products, showing a banding pattern of 2-11 polymorphic bands per locus, enabling genotype discrimination. These results can be used in further studies aimed at characterizing C. longa genetic resource collections and also to improve breeding strategies.
Resumo:
There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-bacteria, antioxidant effects and nematocidal activities. Curcumin is a major component in Curcuma longa L., being responsible for its biological actions. Other extracts of this plant has been showing potency too. In vitro, curcumin exhibits anti-parasitic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects; and also inhibits carcinogenesis and cancer growth. In vivo, there are experiments showing the anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory potency of curcumin and extracts of C. longa L. by parenteral and oral application in animal models. In this present work we make an overview of the pharmacological activities of C. longa L., showing its importance.
Resumo:
A descoberta de compostos secundários de plantas medicinais com atividade antimicrobiana mostra-se promissora para o controle de fitopatógenos. A cúrcuma, Curcuma longa, apresenta em seus rizomas compostos com atividade antifúngica. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fungitoxidade in vitro dos extratos de cúrcuma e da curcumina contra Alternaria solani. Foram utilizados extratos brutos aquosos (EB) de rizomas de cúrcuma (esterilizados por autoclavagem) nas concentrações de 0, 1, 5, 10 e 20% e curcumina nas concentrações de 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg/L, os quais foram incorporados em meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar para avaliação de crescimento micelial e esporulação do fungo. Também foram testados extratos de cúrcuma a 10 e 15% esterilizados por filtração. O efeito dos extratos de cúrcuma autoclavados e não autoclavados e da curcumina na germinação de esporos in vitro foi também avaliado. Os extratos de cúrcuma a 10 e 15% não autoclavados inibiram em 38,2% e 23,2%, respectivamente, o crescimento micelial e 71,7% e 87%, respectivamente, a esporulação do fungo. Quando autoclavados, não apresentaram inibição do crescimento micelial nem da germinação de esporos e a inibição da esporulação foi menor, indicando a presença de compostos antimicrobianos termolábeis. O extrato não autoclavado na concentração de 5% inibiu em até 15% a germinação dos esporos. A curcumina inibiu o crescimento micelial em 29,5% na maior concentração testada, sem, contudo, afetar a esporulação e a germinação de esporos in vitro. Esses resultados indicam o potencial antifúngico da cúrcuma e curcumina contra A. solani.
Resumo:
A pinta preta, causada por Alternaria solani, é uma das mais importantes doenças da cultura do tomateiro no Brasil. Várias alternativas aos fungicidas têm sido avaliadas nos últimos anos na busca de produtos que controlem satisfatoriamente as doenças, tenham pequeno impacto ambiental e baixa toxicidade aos seres vivos. A cúrcuma, Curcuma longa, apresenta em seus rizomas compostos com comprovada atividade antimicrobiana. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle de pinta preta em tomateiro utilizando extratos de cúrcuma e curcumina em condições de casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: extrato de cúrcuma (1 e 10%), curcumina (50 e 100 mg/L), acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) (25 mg do i.a./L), oxicloreto de cobre (1.100 mg do i.a./L), azoxystrobin (80 mg do i.a./L) e testemunha (água). A curcumina e os extratos brutos de cúrcuma apresentaram níveis de controle de pinta preta similares ao tratamento com fungicida cúprico, mas inferior ao azoxystrobin. Não houve diferenças estatísticas na produção comercial de tomate entre tratamentos. Somente o tratamento de curcumina 50 mg/l apresentou maior porcentagem de frutos grandes em relação à testemunha. Esses resultados indicam o potencial de controle de pinta preta em tomateiro com cúrcuma e curcumina.
Resumo:
Dentre as fontes de corantes naturais mais utilizadas na indústria de alimentos, encontra-se a cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L), um rizoma do qual podem ser obtidas substâncias como a curcumina, demetoxicurcumina e bis-demetoxicurcumina. Estes pigmentos possuem coloração amarela e capacidade de substituir corantes artificiais. Com a finalidade de verificar a influência do pré-tratamento de secagem na extração, foram realizados experimentos de extração de oleoresina de cúrcuma com CO2 supercrítico, na unidade de extração do Laboratório de Engenharia Química da Universidade Federal do Pará, submetendo-se a matéria-prima a uma secagem nas temperaturas de 70 e 105oC. As extrações foram feitas a pressões de 200, 250 e 300 bar, e na temperatura de 45oC. Os resultados estão apresentados em tabelas e gráficos, em termos de rendimentos totais e teor de curcumina presente na oleoresina. A secagem a 70oC favoreceu a extração de oleoresina em termos de tempo de extração, e contribuiu para a manutenção de curcumina na matéria-prima.
Resumo:
O processo de secagem de açafrão, atualmente utilizado pela grande maioria dos produtores agrícolas, consiste na exposição deste produto ao ar livre sobre uma lona plástica estendida sobre o solo, utilizando a radiação solar como fonte de energia para a secagem, sem nenhum tipo de aparato técnico para proteção contra a ação do tempo ou de animais. Sob estas condições de secagem, em um ambiente onde praticamente não há nenhum tipo de controle de temperatura e umidade, surgem vários problemas durante o processo, dentre os quais pode-se destacar o tempo demasiado longo para atingir o ponto final desejado, e paralelamente a isto o desenvolvimento de microrganismos nocivos à saúde e a alta deterioração do produto. Por estar sendo utilizado um ambiente ao ar livre e sem proteção contra a ação do tempo, fica também difícil a previsão do tempo de secagem. Desta forma, o período de secagem pode chegar a 25 dias, o qual é muito longo do ponto de vista industrial. Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento das curvas de secagem do açafrão para diferentes condições de temperatura, velocidade do ar e cortes do rizoma. Tais curvas apresentam a influência da casca, do tipo de corte, da temperatura e da velocidade do ar nos tempos de secagem, parâmetros importantes ao desenvolvimento de novos equipamentos e processos de secagem.
Resumo:
Several studies have shown the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa), widely used in food industry as a colorant, among other functions. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of turmeric essential oil against pathogenic bacteria and to study the influence of the addition of ascorbic acid on the prevention of polyphenols oxidation. The commercial turmeric essential oil alone did not show bactericidal activity against the microorganisms studied, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium, but when combined with ascorbic acid, it showed significant antibacterial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity of turmeric essential oil against Salmonella typhimurium was 15.0 ± 1.41 mm at the concentration of 2.30 mg.mL-1 of essential oil and 2.0 mg.mL-1 of ascorbic acid. With regard to Listeria monocytogenes, the largest zone of inhibition (13.7 ± 0.58 mm) was obtained at the same concentrations. The essential oil showed antioxidant activity of EC50 = 2094.172 µg.mL-1 for the DPPH radical scavenging method and 29% under the concentration of 1.667 mg.mL-1 for the β-carotene bleaching method.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
The evolution of the food sector has increased interest in the identification of new starches with distinct properties. Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes, which are already used in industry to obtain food coloring and pharmaceutical products, may become commercially interesting as starch raw materials. This work aimed to characterize the starch of two Curcuma species. The results revealed that the rhizomes of two species showed low dry matter and high starch contents. The amylose contents of the starches (22% C. longa and 21% C. zedoaria) were similar to potato starch. The results of microscopic analysis showed flat triangular shape and the size was 20-30 mum for two starches. The final viscosity of C longa was high (740 RVU) and the pasting temperature was 81 degreesC. In C. zedoaria the final viscosity was 427 RVU and the pasting temperature was 78 degreesC. These results differed from standard commercially used natural starches. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Curcuma longa L. is used in many countries for its flavor, and medicinal and cosmetic attributes, as well as for its peculiar starch characteristics. These factors have driven an interest in the in vitro propagation of this species, looking for germplasm bank maintenance, production of disease free plants, genetic variability induction from callus, and as a tool for starch research. However, there are few reports concerning the micropropagation of Curcuma longa. The in vitro propagation rate of this species, cultured under two benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations, was the aim of this research.
Resumo:
The objective of the experiment was evaluating the development and production of turmeric, it was carried out at FCAV-UNESP, in Jaboticabal-SP, during 11/18/ 1999 to 7/18/2000, in randomized blocks, with three replications, factorial scheme 5 × 5. The factors evaluated were doses of N (0, 68, 136, 170 and 204 kg.ha-1) and doses of K2O (0, 92, 184, 230 and 276 kg.ha-1). The potassium doses influenced plant-mother's height significantly, answering lineally to the increment in the potassium fertilization. There was significant interaction between nitrogen and potassium on the number of leaves of the sons and total-plant. In the doses of 0 and 92 kg of K2O.ha-1 a lineal increase was observed in the number of leaves with the increment of the applied nitrogen. The potassium doses also influenced the foliar area of the sons and total-plant, reaching values of 3260 and 4971 cm2 per plant, respectively, for the application of 276 kg K2O.ha1. The number of sons had a lineal increment with the growing fertilization of potassium, contemplating on the dry mass of the aerial part of the sons. The production of rhizomes per plant wasn't influenced for the factors evaluated.
Resumo:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different types of rhizomes utilized as seed and the effects of mulch in the culture of Turmeric. This work was conducted in the experimental cultivation area of the Universidade de Ribeirão Preto - UNAERP, in Ribeirao Preto, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil from September/1997 to July/1998. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement 2x3, design with 4 replications (32 plants each). The treatments consisted of the use of types of rhizomes utilized to proliferation (head and finger) and types of mulch (absent, grass and leaves/branches). This study investigated proliferation (61, 88 and 124 days after installation), length, shooting and number of leaves of the mother plant besides the number of leaves of the shoot (112, 146 and 233 days after installation), number of finger rhizomes and head rhizomes, fresh and dry biomass of rhizomes and the yield of essential oil (after harvest - July 1998). Obtained results showed a great influence of the type of rhizome used to proliferation. Head rhizomes produced, in weight, about 30% more, when compared to plants from finger rhizomes. Mulching almost duplicated rhizome productivity from 2338 kg.ha -1 of dry rhizomes to 4499 kg.ha -1, when rhizome used to proliferation was finger and from 3046 kg.ha -1 to 5943 kg.ha -1, when using head rhizomes. The yield of essential oil did not show any alteration, independently of the treatments realized.
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)