COINE Project : Cultural Objects in Networked Environments

La idea subjacent al Projecte de Recerca i Desenvolupament COINE és permetre a la gent contar les seves pròpies històries. COINE pretén proporcionar les eines necessàries per crear estructuradament, un entorn basat en el World Wide Web, que permeti compartir continguts. Els resultats del Projecte ajudaran al desenvolupament d'estàndards per a la implantació i la recuperació estructurades de recursos digitals en entorns en xarxa distribuïda. El Projecte de COINE s'inicià el març de 2002 i finalitzà l'agost de 2004. Avui en dia estem al WorkPackage 5 on estem construint el Sistema, el programari i les interfícies. COINE pretén cobrir la gamma més àmplia possible d'usuaris potencials, des d'organitzacions de patrimoni cultural i institucions de qualsevol mida (principalment biblioteques, arxius i museus) fins a individus de qualsevol edat sense habilitats en l'ús de les TIC, o a grups petits de ciutadans. Els usuaris no utilitzaran només COINE com a eina de cerca, sinó que contribuiran amb el seu propi contingut.

Otium et negotium. Reading processes and their cultural backgrounds in early Italian and German humanism

Reading and reading habits have radically changed in the digital age. Readers are no longer physically bound to textual objects and libraries, they deal with texts by copying, altering, and annotating them, and they mix established textual forms with other semiotic systems such as pictograms, icons and images. These circumstances also provoke a renewed research interest in the history of reading. In this talk, I will concentrate on reading processes as to how they were enacted and practised in early Italian and German humanism. I will start with some paradigmatic scenes described in Petrarch’s letters (among others the famous visit of the Mont Ventoux, where Petrarch, after having enjoyed a spectacular panorama, withdraws into the contemplative reading of St-Augustine). The transmission of Petrarch’s writings in humanist circles of Southern Germany (e.g. with the Schedel and Gossembrot families in Nurnberg, Augsburg and Strasburg) will then lead to specific reading practices documented in manuscripts that once belonged to coherent libraries and are nowadays spread all over Europe. In the case of the former tradesman and mayor Sigismund Gossembrot, complex habits of textual annotating and cross-referencing can be observed. The dichotomy of the Latin terms otium (‘rest’ and ‘leisure’) and negotium (‘activity’, but also ‘practice’, ‘negotiation’, ‘circulation of social energy’ in the sense of New Historicism) will be used as an ideal-type outline to describe the occurring processes of reading.

Metadata Visualization of Cultural Heritage Information within a Collaborative Environment

Cultural content on the Web is available in various domains (cultural objects, datasets, geospatial data, moving images, scholarly texts and visual resources), concerns various topics, is written in different languages, targeted to both laymen and experts, and provided by different communities (libraries, archives museums and information industry) and individuals (Figure 1). The integration of information technologies and cultural heritage content on the Web is expected to have an impact on everyday life from the point of view of institutions, communities and individuals. In particular, collaborative environment scan recreate 3D navigable worlds that can offer new insights into our cultural heritage (Chan 2007). However, the main barrier is to find and relate cultural heritage information by end-users of cultural contents, as well as by organisations and communities managing and producing them. In this paper, we explore several visualisation techniques for supporting cultural interfaces, where the role of metadata is essential for supporting the search and communication among end-users (Figure 2). A conceptual framework was developed to integrate the data, purpose, technology, impact, and form components of a collaborative environment, Our preliminary results show that collaborative environments can help with cultural heritage information sharing and communication tasks because of the way in which they provide a visual context to end-users. They can be regarded as distributed virtual reality systems that offer graphically realised, potentially infinite, digital information landscapes. Moreover, collaborative environments also provide a new way of interaction between an end-user and a cultural heritage data set. Finally, the visualisation of metadata of a dataset plays an important role in helping end-users in their search for heritage contents on the Web.

Preserving Cultural Heritage Using Open Source Collection Management Tools

Open source software (OSS) popularity is growing steadily and many OSS systems could be used to preserve cultural heritage objects. Such solutions give the opportunity to organizations to afford the development of a digital collection. This paper focuses on reviewing two OSS tools, CollectionSpace and the Open Video Digital Library Toolkit and discuss on how these could be used for organizing digital replicas of cultural objects. The features of the software are presented and some examples are given.

Porin Kuudennen osan tarinoista rakennettu kulttuuriperintö

Tutkimus käsittelee viranomaisten ja asukkaiden välistä vuorovaikutusta kaavaprosessin aikana. Tutkimusalueena on valtakunnallisesti merkittäväksi kulttuuriympäristöksi luokiteltu Porin Kuudes osa, joka on yksi laajimmista yhtenäisenä säilyneistä 1800-luvun lopun puukaupunkialueista Suomessa. Hermeneuttis-fenomenologista otetta soveltava tutkimus perustuu muistitietoaineistoon, joka avaa näkökulman paikallisen kulttuuriperinnön syntymiseen, periytymiseen ja muutokseen. Kuudennen osan vuonna 2012 voimaan tulleessa asemakaavamuutoksessa suojeltiin 405 rakennusta. Sekä viranomaiset että asukkaat haluavat säilyttää arvokkaan ympäristön jälkipolville. Asukkaiden ja viranomaisten lähtökohdat arvottamiselle ovat kuitenkin erilaiset. Asiantuntijoiden näkemys kulttuuriympäristön arvoista perustuu eksplisiittiseen viralliseen tietoon, joka heijastaa positivistista käsitystä maailmasta mitattavista objekteista koostuvana kokonaisuutena. Asukkaiden arvostus asuinaluetta ja sen rakennuksia kohtaan puolestaan nousee sukupolvelta toiselle siirretyn aineettoman perinnön yhteisöllisestä merkityksestä. Heidän kokemuksensa kiteytyy kodin ja kotiseudun käsitteissä ja se tuodaan esiin rakennuksiin liittyvissä tarinoissa. Tulkinta on virallista tietoa haastavaa ja täydentävää. Kestäviä suojelupäätöksiä voidaan tehdä vain viranomaisten ja asukkaiden väliseen tasa-arvoiseen vuoropuheluun perustuen. Tutkimus nostaa asukkaiden kokemuksellisen, paikkaan sitoutuneen hiljaisen tiedon virallisen tiedon rinnalle, kulttuurisesti kestävän maankäytön suunnittelun perustaksi. Koska ihminen toimii sellaisten asioiden puolesta, jotka hän kokee arvokkaaksi, asukaslähtöinen rakennussuojelu on lähtökohtaisesti yhteisön omakseen kokeman aineettoman kulttuuriperinnön suojelua.

La représentation des pionniers et des pionnières dans les récits sur les origines nationales au Canada français

La figure des « pionniers » et des « pionnières » est devenue un référent culturel identitaire fondamental dans le développement de la mémoire collective québécoise. Nous montrons que ces objets culturels s’intègrent et participent à la représentation identitaire imaginée et conçue à l’intérieur d’un discours visant à affirmer une identité fondée en bonne partie sur l’histoire des Canadiens issus de l’immigration française du XVIIe siècle. La conjoncture politique du XIXe siècle favorise l’émergence d’un récit patriotique et d’un discours nationaliste conservateur, tissés par certains auteurs et appuyés par les élites politiques et les membres du clergé. Ces discours ont contribué à construire la nation canadienne et à l’inscrire dans un passé lointain et glorieux - dans l’imaginaire des « civilisations ». Dans cette perspective, l’objet culturel « pionnier » et l’objet culturel « filles du roi » sont mobilisés avec force dans la construction du passé magnifié de la nation canadienne. Nous nous intéresserons donc à la construction de l’image de ces deux figures pionnières dans les récits sur les origines nationales, ainsi qu’à leur utilisation dans le développement d’un sentiment identitaire canadien-français.

Le marché de l'art et le trafic illicite des biens culturels : une étude de cas : la collection Barbier-Mueller.

En mars 2013, trois cent treize artefacts précolombiens, exposés auparavant dans le musée barcelonais des Suisses Jean-Paul Barbier et Monique Mueller, furent mis en vente chez Sotheby’s à Paris par ce couple de collectionneurs. L’affaire fut l’objet une couverture médiatique internationale lorsque des pays d’Amérique centrale et d’Amérique du Sud, notamment le Pérou, le Mexique et le Guatemala, protestèrent contre la tenue de cette vente, avançant que leur patrimoine culturel national n’est pas à vendre. La question centrale de ce mémoire porte sur le trafic illicite des biens culturels et elle se décline en trois axes, à partir d’une étude de cas : la collection Barbier-Mueller. Les relations complexes entre les musées et les grands collectionneurs sont observées dans le premier chapitre à la lumière des règles déontologiques qui régissent habituellement les institutions, afin de ne pas encourager l’acquisition d’objets impliqués dans des transactions illicites. Dans un deuxième temps, au moyen d’une succincte présentation du marché actuel de l’art mondial, l’influence des maisons de ventes aux enchères sera examinée. Tandis que la provenance des artefacts en vente n’est pas toujours clairement affichée, il est difficile de retracer la lignée des propriétaires ou leur nation d’origine. Or, sachant que la commercialisation illicite des biens culturels se développe à l’intérieur même du marché de l'art régulier, les auteurs parlent alors d’un « marché gris ». Ce mémoire remonte, depuis l’excavation en passant par leur exportation illégale, la chaîne de transactions de ces biens culturels qui aboutissent dans les expositions des plus prestigieuses institutions. Cette recherche aborde en dernier lieu certaines incongruités du marché de l’art en auscultant les particularités des outils fournis par l’UNESCO et l’ICOM, ainsi que la question de l’aliénation, en plus de celle des limites juridiques des pays requérants. Finalement, cette étude présente les oppositions entre le discours officiel et les actions réellement entreprises pour la protection du patrimoine culturel.

Em nome da república: escolas e tradições modernas

Our research aims to analyze some institutions of primary education in so-called First Republic in Natal/RN, when they were considered high standard institutions on training, dissemination and creation of national identity and republican traditions. Thus, we investigated to try to understand the creation of the new man and the invention of new traditions to confirm the status of republican modernity in two schools in Natal, the Colegio Americano, a private one, and a standard model of school, Augusto Severo, which is a public one. As a basis we have the history of institutions to analyze, paying close attention to consider the use of imitation in cultural patrimony as well as the use of strategies to distinguish. The concept of ownership follows, for present purposes, their focus of study on observation of diverse and contrasting use of these cultural objects, texts, readings and ideas from research institutions. For analysis of the link which occurs within the school environment, in every period of its history, we used the concept of school culture as a set of rules and practices which define knowledge to teach and conduct the introject. A culture that incorporates the school to keep a set with other religious cultures, political and popular of its time and space. In this sense, the educational institutions which we studied while showing what kind of in this work by preparing cultures, codes, different practices, and specific individuals they have, they were in important locations to provide modern cultural appropriation as a strategy for educational innovation and a factor of rationality and efficiency which could be observed and controlled, so gradually the modern school education was organized to produce its own society. As a challenge of affirmation and incorporating diverse social experiences to produce the modern, civilized man of the Republican time, the school, as part of the social life, which is singular in its practices, not only the set of reforms, decrees, laws and projects, but also as expressions of concept about life and society in terms of material, symbolic and cultural symbols in the social context in modernization. We focused on these two schools, because inside the wide cultural and material status of the city, they were the first republic schools which had the goal of having men and woman together culturally , with a view to adapting them to the modern movement to make them civilized / educated / rational . On this view, we would emphasize that this statement needs a reinvention as a new way through what is made at the schools which production of new spaces, practices, rites and what represents school, making and expressing a new identity, modern, different of the old symbols of the Empire. For this, nothing better than the organization of schooling, emphasizing on educating the individual and his/her responsibilities with the order and progress. We need to understand the past as a result of conflicts, including strengths and limitations within the historical and social context, and the invention of tradition as a process of formalization and ritualization of acts which want to perpetuate, as a reference to a group identity. These are practices and social educative representations which support the understanding of pedagogical and educational ideas at this historical moment, making a new way of being and doing in the Republican universe

A crítica de Theodor W. Adorno ao tédio: homem e cultura danificados

Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

Quem somos nós?: apropriações e representações sobre a(s) identidade(s) brasileira(s) em livros didáticos de História (1971-2011)

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Los recursos medioambientales aplicados a la arquitectura contemporánea en vivienda aislada

Objetivos. Análisis a través del prisma de la sostenibilidad, con un triple objetivo: consumo de energía, aspecto constructivo y recursos arquitectónicos, de algunos ejemplos destacados de vivienda aislada desde 1973, crisis del petróleo, hasta el cambio ideológico del 11 de septiembre de 2001. Emplazadas en microclimas semejantes en distintas latitudes, para extrapolar al clima mediterráneo. Ejemplos. Siete viviendas aisladas de distinto diseño conceptual, situadas en climas subtropicales, en ecosistemas variados pero de concepción medioambiental, constructiva y arquitectónica muy actual. Los ejemplos elegidos, por su intencionalidad, su diseño, y su sentido utilitario, constructivo y semiótico, se analizan desde el hecho acumulativo y el hecho reactivo, mediante el procedimiento de contrastar diversas fuentes de información. Objetivos. El análisis de cada una de las viviendas procedentes de diferentes arquitectos, se hace mediante la simulación de modelos que permitan describir la parte esencial del comportamiento de un sistema de interés, así como diseñar y realizar experimentos con el modelo para extraer conclusiones de sus resultados y apoyar la toma de decisiones proyectual. Procedimiento. En una primera fase, el medio natural queda definido por su localización, interpretación del lugar, el clima concreto (mediante climogramas generales y de isopletas), determinando un diagnóstico medioambiental para el establecimiento de estrategias a partir de los datos experimentales a contrastar con el resultado finalmente obtenido. En una segunda fase se eligen los casos más representativos de LowTech / LowEnergy y HighTech / HighEnergy. Se realiza un análisis del modelo, frente a uno de los elementos predominantes: sol, aire, agua, tierra, luna, vegetación y miscelánea. Resultados. De los casos estudiados se extraen principios aplicables en cada uno de los ámbitos: medioambiental, relacionados con la adaptabilidad energética; constructivo, en relación con la economía; y arquitectónico, vinculado con lo social, con una perspectiva diferente sobre los nuevos espacios vivibles. Conclusiones y relevancia. En los emplazamientos estudiados, los arquitectos herederos del movimiento moderno, han utilizado los recursos medioambientales pasivos y activos más actuales en cada uno de los elementos, así como la orientación, la ventilación, la radiación, la inercia térmica,…las actitudes más contemporáneas como expertos bioclimáticos. Los principios extraídos deben facilitar un proceso proyectual mediante pautas experimentales a desarrollar sin un uso desmesurado de la tecnología. Los principios y las conclusiones obtenidos servirán de aplicación a nuevos modelos conociendo los parámetros más relevantes. La modelización analógica - digital permitirá evaluar el comportamiento más aplicable según las necesidades a satisfacer. Objectives. Architectural analysis through the prism of sustainability with three aims: energy consumption, building technique and architectonical resources. The study is focused on some key examples of low density houses since 1973 (featured by the Oil crisis) until the 11th September 2001´s ideological change. These living spaces are settled in similar microclimates although in different latitudes with strong possibilities for applications in Mediterranean climates. Examples. Seven remote detached dwellings with different conceptual characters, located in subtropical climates, in different ecosystems, however with a sustainable basis and architectonical building concepts very updated. The cultural objects chosen, due to legitimate reasons such as: purpose, a plan, an utilitarian sense, constructive and semiotic, are analyzed under an accumulative perspective along with the reactive fact as the procedure to contrast and compare different sources of information. Goals. The analysis of the examples of different architects, will be done in order to simulate through models which describe and display the essential part of behaviour that corresponds to an interest system, along with the design and to try out or experiment with the model and to draw up results which support the projecting decision process. Procedure. On a first stage, the natural environment is shaped by its location, interpretation of the pace, a particular climate (through general climograms and isophlets), determining an environmental diagnosis which would be able to generate scientific conclusions in order to develop adequate strategies. Hence from experimental data we contrast with the results. On a second stage the more representative cases of LowTech / LowEnergy and HighTech / HighEnergy are choosen. We analyze the model taking into consideration and facing a key element: sun, air, water, soil, moon, vegetation and miscellany. Results. From the study cases we draw up applicable principles in each field: the ecological in relation with energetic adaptability, the constructive potential related with economy, and the social in relation with a different perspective about new architectural living spaces. Conclusions and Relevance. On those settlements studied, the heirs architects from Modern Movement, had used the passive and active, updated environmental resources in each element. For instance, aspects like orientation, ventilation, solar radiation, thermal inertia…, and the most contemporary attitude as bioclimatic expert that they are. These principles speed up through experimental guidelines, the technology is diminished and the design process be provided. The principles and conclusions generated will be useful in order to apply new models because we are able to know the most relevant key parameters. The analogical-digital modelizations allow us to revaluate the applicable behaviour according to the needs to satisfy.

Arte contemporânea e meio ambiente no Museu Inhotim

Este estudo apresenta uma breve análise sobre o Museu Inhotim, considerado o maior museu a céu aberto do mundo. Nele, são expostas obras de Arte Contemporânea inseridas no meio ambiente, num processo de diálogo com a natureza, presente numa reserva florestal que era uma antiga fazenda. Entre jardins, arquitetura e arte, as obras também se relacionam entre si. No local são oferecidos passeios culturais, artísticos e educacionais, pois o museu conta com um setor educativo voltado para a educação através da reflexão sobre as obras de arte expostas e o meio ambiente, quanto à preservação do patrimônio ambiental e cultural. A arte, nesse contexto, ganha uma análise baseada em alguns conceitos sobre Arte Contemporânea, que se fundamentam em estudos propostos por autores como Giulio Carlo Argan, Umberto Eco, Michael Archer, Ernst Fischer, Fayga Ostrower, entre outros.

No(i)stalgia: On the impossibility of recognising noise in the present

Starting from a comparison between the process of writing by hand and writing to screen, this paper contends that there is a continuity between the former, apparently archaic form of writing, and the latter, supposedly more modern form of writing. It will be suggested that, rather than being truly archaic, writing by hand perhaps constitutes a nostalgic act which attempts to bypass the perceived virtuality of the postmodern condition. As such, it will be claimed, via Baudrillard, that nostalgia of this kind is a type of hyper-simulacrum that relies on a misinterpretation of the noise created by the very act of expression. It will be claimed, however, that if interpreted without the sort of wilful misinterpretation to which noise often falls prey, many kinds of noise grafted onto contemporary cultural objects bear testimony to a certain continuity across historical eras as well as to the fact that we are ultimately incapable of recognising many cultural products' noise (and thus the products themselves in their entirety) in their own era. This paper therefore calls for a noisy theory which, analysing the world from an immanent position, would acknowledge the impossibility of full knowledge of the sign