1000 resultados para Cultivo intensivo - Tilápia - Eutrofização - Reservatórios
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Intensive production of tilápias, in cages or net tanks, has been proposed as an alternative to increase fish production, that would generate income and offer animal protein in different tropical and subtropical countries. However, this system of production enriches the aquatic environment with nutrients, principally nitrogen and phosphor derived from the dejections of the metabolism of food and eventual food surpluses consumed by the fishes; the alimentation of the fishes in this production modality is dependent on fish food. The emission of these nutritions in levels above the limit that the system is capable metabolize can provoke a phenomenon called eutrofization, putting in risk the quality of water for public and for fish production activities. In this context the work had as a goal to evaluate the trófico state of the four reservoirs for intensive production of tilapias in net-tanks, in other words, he maximum fish production that the reservoirs are able to hold, keeping the desired quantity of nutrient concentrations in water for public use. The results of the four ecosystems in the Boqueirão de Parelhas reservoir showed that it s possible to have an intensive production of tilapias in net tanks, in this environment the annual average concentration of phosphor, was below the considered critical limits to deflagrate the process of eutrofization in semi-arid regions. The carrying capacity of the Boqueirão de Parelhas reservoir depends on the conversion of the feeding facts and phosphor content in the food but it should vary between 100 and 300 tons per year over a variation in the conversion feeding factor of 1,7 to 2,0:1 and a variation in the P in the food of 0,7 to 0,9%
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Jornadas "Ciência nos Açores – que futuro? Tema Ciências Naturais e Ambiente", Ponta Delgada, 7-8 de Junho de 2013.
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Jornadas "Ciência nos Açores – que futuro?", Ponta Delgada, 7-8 de Junho de 2013.
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La investigación realizada en el 2007, comprende la patobiología y sanidad acuícola en langostinos de cultivo y de los canales de marea de la Región Tumbes, para detectar presencia y distribución espacio-temporal del agente etiológico NHPB (Bacteria de la hepatopancreatitis necrotizante). Se analizaron 3360 langostinos de nueve empresas con cultivo intensivo para detectar la NHBP. Los resultados fueron: (1) prevalencia global de 2% en el periodo de estudio; (2) NHPB estuvo presente en el 77% de las zonas con cultivo intensivo incluidas en este estudio, distribuidas a lo largo del litoral tumbesino.
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O manejo inadequado do solo causa a sua degradação e à queda no rendimento de muitas culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações na resistência à penetração e na densidade do solo em razão de sistemas de preparo do solo, durante e após o cultivo intensivo e após cinco anos de pousio em um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico. Foram estudados dois sistemas de preparo do solo, com grade aradora e preparo reduzido com enxada rotativa e três épocas de amostragem compreendendo os anos agrícolas 1992/1993, 1993/1994 (sob cultivo intenso) e 1999/2000 (cinco anos sob pousio). Na avaliação dos sistemas de preparo do solo, nas diferentes épocas de amostragens, foram utilizados como parâmetros a resistência à penetração e a densidade do solo. Os sistemas de preparo do solo afetaram significativamente a resistência à penetração e a densidade do solo nas profundidades estudadas. No solo submetido a longo período de pousio, a resistência à penetração sofreu aumento significativo, comparado ao solo sob cultivo intenso, independentemente do sistema de preparo de solo anteriormente utilizado. Após cinco anos em pousio, a densidade do solo foi maior no sistema de preparo do solo com grade aradora do que no sistema de preparo com enxada rotativa.
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O entendimento e a predição do fluxo de água no solo são essenciais ao manejo agrícola e ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar e comparar a condutividade hidráulica obtida com a técnica do perfil instantâneo no campo, em um solo mantido em pousio por seis anos e outro cultivado intensivamente por igual período. A técnica empregada para a obtenção da condutividade hidráulica foi a de Hillel. A quantidade de água no Latossolo Vermelho foi determinada convertendo-se os valores de potencial matricial da água no solo em umidade volumétrica, segundo a equação de van Genuchten. As determinações de potencial matricial foram realizadas nas profundidades de 0,2, 0,4, 0,6, 0,8 e 1,0 m, ao longo de 24 dias. Os maiores valores de condutividade hidráulica até a profundidade de 1,0 m ocorreram no solo em pousio. O parâmetro condutividade hidráulica saturada é o responsável pelos maiores valores da função K(teta) determinada em todas as profundidades, independentemente da umidade do solo utilizada como referência.
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Objetivou-se analisar o comportamento do epitélio branquial de tilápias, cultivadas em tanques posicionados em diferentes altitudes e interconectados por tubos de PVC. Filamentos branquiais de quatro espécimes de quatro tanques (T1, T2, T3 e T4) interconectados seqüencialmente foram submetidos à rotina histológica, para obtenção de cortes de 5µm de espessura, os quais foram corados com Hematoxilina-Eosina, ou submetidos à técnica histoquímica para glicoconjugados: PAS + solução de diástase ou Alcian Blue pH 2,5 ou Alcian Blue pH 1,0. Considerando as regiões basal, intermediária e apical dos filamentos, mensurou-se a área lamelar e contou-se o número de células mucosas em cada uma dessas regiões, o que correspondia a 0,56 mm². Verificou-se que a concentração de oxigênio, pH e a temperatura se reduziam progressivamente com a passagem da água de um tanque para outro. Em função disso, constatou-se um aumento abrupto do número de células mucosas e da área lamelar no T2, e uma redução progressiva destas medidas nos tanques que recebiam água do T2. Além disso, observou-se nos animais do T2, T3 e T4, descolamento do epitélio branquial, hiperplasia celular no espaço interlamelar e telangectasias. Conclui-se que o ambiente aquático de tanques interconectados seqüencialmente por tubos de PVC se altera ao passar de um tanque para o outro, e que estas flutuações físico-químicas se refletem no comportamento do epitélio branquial através de variações da área lamelar e do número de células mucosas.
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The dams are limnic ecosystems of great importance for its multiple uses, among them, water supply for the public and to culture of artisanal fish are most relevant. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics and the phytoplankton community in two chosen sites (Point 1 littoral zone of point source; Point 2 pelagic zone of non-point source) of the Minister João Alves dam, which is also known as Boqueirão de Parelhas/RN. This represents the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton species in order to understand any possible alterations of the water quality and the phytoplankton composition in relation to the water quality originating from the impact of the tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, culture. The study period also encompasses temporal variations exhibited in two seasons of an annual cycle, one during the dry season (Oct, Nov and Dec of 2008 and Jan of 2009), and the other rainy season (Mar, Apr, May and June of 2008) to extend the observation. The physicalchemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, concentration of dissolved oxygen were measured in situ and the values of the inorganic nutrients (nitrate, ammonium and orto-phosfato) and chlorophyll in the laboratory. The quali-quantitative analyses of the phytoplankton had been carried through sedimentation technique and the enumeration of the random of 400 cells, colonies and filaments counted using Sedgwick-Rafter counting chamber. The results of pH varied widely from the acidic to alkaline range with the minimum of 5.8 (± 0.8) and the maximum of 9.2 (± 0.7-0.8), at point 1 and 2. The dissolved oxygen content was higher in the rainy period than that in the dry period. The maximum electrical conductivity was of 1409 μScm-1 in point 1 and 431 minim of μScm-1, in point 2. There was a considerable alteration in the levels of inorganic nutrients such as nitrate-nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen and orthophosphate during the two cycles of study period. Phytoplankton assemblages presented a picture of alternate dominance among species Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae. The trophic state index diagnosed to the category of mesotrophic, which is based on the values of chlorophyll, total phosphorus and Secchi-disc measurements. The wind driven turbulence of the water column and the fresh inflow of water (flushing and dilution) during rainy season acted as constraint and did-not allow an exaggerated growth of the species of cyanobacteria. On the basis of the present we conclude that the culture of tilapias in cage-culture fails to produce pollution load that could compromise the quality of the water of the dam, probably be due to small dimension of the culture in relation to the size, volume of the water and the reservoir capacity support its own environment
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The mean values of hepatosomatic relation (HSR), splenosomatic relation (SSR) and relative condition factor (Kn) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilolicus Trewavas, 1983); pacu (Piaractus mesopolamicus Holmberg, 1887); piauçu (Lepori-nus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988) and tambacu hybrid (P. mesopotamicus male x Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 female) are described. The experiment was carried out from feefishing farm situated in Franca, São Paulo State, Brazil. Nile tilapia showed the greatest HSR compared to pacu, piauçu and tambacu. Although, in the last three fishes the relation was similar. The SSR between tilapia and piausu was similar, but smaller than observed in pacu and tambacu. Nevertheless, SSR in pacu and tambacu was different. The hepatic weight/body weigth relation and hepatic weight/body length relation presented positive correlation in ali studied fishes. The splenic weight/body weigth relation and splenic weight/body length relation were not significam (P>0.05) in Nile tilapia, pacu and tambacu, but highly significant in piauçu (PO.01).
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Hematological characteristics are important tools for diagnosis and prognostic features in fish population and they contribute to the comprehension of comparative physiology, phylogenetic relation, food habit and other ecological parameters. Red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), thrombocytes counts, glucose, cortisol, hepatosomatic and splenosomatic relation were evaluated in Piaractus mesopotamicus. The values of hepatosomatic relation varied from 0.67% to 2.79% and splenosomatic relation from 0.011% to 0.108%. RBC 1.870 to 4.590 × 106/μL, hemoglobin concentration 5.7 to 12.1g/dL, haematocrit 24.0% to 40.0%, mean corpuscular volume 98.0 to 174.0 fL, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration 19.1 to 34.2g/dL, glucose 40.6 to 89.2mg/dL and cortisol 4.73 to 110.5ng/dL The number of total thrombocytes was 12,160.0 to 89,280.0/μL and WBC 2,019.0 to 47,473.0/μL. Differential count of leucocytes showed 54.1% limphocytes, 10.9% neutrophils, 10.3% monocytes, 9.9% PAS-positive granular leukocytes (PAS-GL), 6.7% eosinophils, 0.3% basophils and 7.8% immature leucocytes. Variation of these haematological characteristics in the same fish species was observed, being considered as the normal variation in the fish concerned. Hence it is incorrect to assume that biological characteristics in fishes are distributed normally.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum biochemical parameters of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Thai Chitralada lineage, raised under an intensive pisciculture system and captured by the cast net technique. Blood samples from 40 individuals were obtained by caudal venopuncture. Mean body weight was 453 ± 52 g. The serum biochemical parameters evaluated were total protein, albumin, globulins, acid uric, creatinine, urea, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, Ca/P ratio, alkaline phosphatase, and magnesium. In general, the data showed similar parameters in comparison to those established for scale fish, exception of the acid uric.
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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV
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Máster Universitario International en Acuicultura. Trabajo presentado como requisito parcial para la obtención del Título de Máster Universitario Internacional en Acuicultura, otorgado por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), el Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas (ICCM), y el Centro Internacional de Altos Estudios Agronómicos Mediterráneos de Zaragoza (CIHEAM)