12 resultados para Cubanidad


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This study looks at the broader transformations in Cuban history through the case study of a single, yet symbolic, man, and proposes a new paradigm for understanding the dynamics of Cuban society and culture. It also examines the implications for Cuba’s aspiring national identity at the turn of the twentieth century, by detailing the interplay between fact and fiction in the story of Alberto Yarini: elite born; well-educated; politically and socially well-connected; powerful; and celebrated Cuban racketeer and chulo (pimp). Yarini was described as vibrant and triumphant at a time when other nation-building forces in Cuba were weak and ambivalent. A century after his dramatic death, Yarini became the quintessential public man in Cuban lore who symbolized a cubanidad (Cuban national identity) not defined in terms of the ideological hegemony of class, race, or gender, and who through his actions dispelled the ambivalence that plagued Cuban nationalism. Using archival documents, contemporary newspaper accounts, court records, memoirs, and published works, this study analyzes the confluence of national events and individual action in the formation of Cuban national identity. It contends that for Cuba, the failure of nation-building experiments resulted in an ambivalent national identity based on failed philosophical and political ideals of equality and prosperity. These ideals played out within the context of the realities of racial discrimination, political dissonance, and class and gender barriers. Instead of a cohesive sense of national character, for Cubans the result was a competing set of identities including a populist version that was defined through identification with antitypes and pseudo-heroes such as Alberto Yarini y Ponce de León (1882-1910), a rising politician and celebrated chulo of the early republic. The telling and retelling of his story has given rise to what has been termed the island nation’s first national myth – one that continues to evolve and grow in the twenty-first century. For many Cubans, the Yarini antitype provided an idealized national identity which in many ways was—and many argue continues to be— the expression of an elusive and ambivalent cubanidad.

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The social scripts that are deeply involved in cultural production by AfroCuban identified artists in Miami, during the late nineties to the present, participate in a climate that is informed by and feeds from the so-called Latin Explosion of this time period. More specifically, varying historical, socioeconomic, and geopolitical trajectories have placed Africa and African-based religion and cultural production (via music and theatre) at the center of Cuban national identity. The purpose of this study is to facilitate a discussion of the experiences of AfroCuban performance artists and the climate for production, given the aforementioned dynamics, in mass media. These experiences are directed by a study of transnational structures for cultural production (including the more recent memory-shadow of hip-hop culture in Cuba) and discourse that engages theories of modernity, authenticity, and resistance. Through the interventions of artists, producers, and distributors via their art and business, the text identifies and resists the pervasive oppression of stereotype, dehumanization (Othering), and essentialism.

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À partir des années 90, parmi les transformations qu’entraine l’effondrement de l’Union soviétique à Cuba et au milieu des redéfinitions de la cubanité, apparaissent des œuvres narratives contre-discursives et actualisées sur la négritude, la race et le racisme. La représentation du Noir dans les romans de cette période prend toute sa signification du fait que se configure alors un champ de discussion dans lequel convergent différentes modalités et perceptions. Notre recherche explore le terrain discursif entourant les définitions de la cubanité et la négritude qui circulent à cette période à Cuba, pour ensuite voir de quelle manière elles se répercutent sur les auteurs et textes littéraires. À travers l’analyse des oeuvres des écrivains Eliseo Altuanga et Marta Rojas, cette thèse reconstruit leurs dialogues avec l’historiographie littéraire cubaine, l’Histoire de l’Ile et les discours plus actualisés quant au débat ethno-racial. Au moyen de visualisations opposées par rapport à l’histoire de Cuba, Altuanga et Rojas élaborent des œuvres et des personnages avec des différences idéoesthétiques marquées. Ainsi, le premier focalisera sur la recherche d’une rupture épistémologique quant à la conception du Noir dans l’imaginaire cubain, soulignant les événements de l’histoire nationale qui considèrent le Noir comme protagoniste, ce qui renforce l’idée d’une continuité dans son état de subalternisation. En ce qui concerne les protagonistes de Rojas, elle fait appel à des mulâtresses pour raconter le processus de transculturation par lequel, à son point de vue, s’est consolidée l’identité culturelle actuelle des Cubains. Suspendue dans un espace d’énonciation intermédiaire entre les premières décennies de la Révolution et la Période spéciale en Temps de Paix, Rojas construit une trilogie romanesque qui s’efforce à signaler la coupure entre les périodes pré- et postrévolutionnaires quant au traitement du Noir.

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La cubanidad o españolismo de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda ha sido tema explorado por muchos, ocasionando debates en la crítica. La primera parta de este trabajo destaca cómo la dualidad cubano-española de esta autora ha provocado juicios discrepantes sobre la nacionalidad literaria de su obra. La segunda intenta demostrar que ninguno de los países la llevó a reflejar un tema nacional marcadamente definido; ambos contribuyeron al desarrollo de sus ideas feministas, que es el tema más relevante de su obra literaria.

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El presente trabajo se inscribe en el campo de la historia de las ideas; es de carácter interpretativo y tiene por objetivo platear algunas de las contradicciones teóricas presentes en los primeros textos del antropólogo y ensayista cubano Fernando Ortiz, específicamente en Los negros brujos (1906) y Los negros esclavos (1916), para luego establecer una comparación con un texto de madurez del autor como el Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar (1940). La hipótesis fundamental es que esas contradicciones teóricas no resueltas irán transformándose a lo largo de su obra, y desembocarán en la ampliación de la perspectiva intelectual del Fernando Ortiz de los años treinta y cuarenta. Este trabajo es un aporte a la reflexión y problematización de un período de la obra del intelectual cubano que aún hoy sigue siendo objeto de debates

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El presente trabajo se inscribe en el campo de la historia de las ideas; es de carácter interpretativo y tiene por objetivo platear algunas de las contradicciones teóricas presentes en los primeros textos del antropólogo y ensayista cubano Fernando Ortiz, específicamente en Los negros brujos (1906) y Los negros esclavos (1916), para luego establecer una comparación con un texto de madurez del autor como el Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar (1940). La hipótesis fundamental es que esas contradicciones teóricas no resueltas irán transformándose a lo largo de su obra, y desembocarán en la ampliación de la perspectiva intelectual del Fernando Ortiz de los años treinta y cuarenta. Este trabajo es un aporte a la reflexión y problematización de un período de la obra del intelectual cubano que aún hoy sigue siendo objeto de debates

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El presente trabajo se inscribe en el campo de la historia de las ideas; es de carácter interpretativo y tiene por objetivo platear algunas de las contradicciones teóricas presentes en los primeros textos del antropólogo y ensayista cubano Fernando Ortiz, específicamente en Los negros brujos (1906) y Los negros esclavos (1916), para luego establecer una comparación con un texto de madurez del autor como el Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar (1940). La hipótesis fundamental es que esas contradicciones teóricas no resueltas irán transformándose a lo largo de su obra, y desembocarán en la ampliación de la perspectiva intelectual del Fernando Ortiz de los años treinta y cuarenta. Este trabajo es un aporte a la reflexión y problematización de un período de la obra del intelectual cubano que aún hoy sigue siendo objeto de debates

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Neste trabalho busca se estudar o ritual, na Santería ou Regla de Ocha, como espaço de criação e sustentação do grupo religioso. Aqui são demonstrados e interpretados argumentos que evidenciam a pertinência da Santería como sistema religioso que ajuda as pessoas a lidarem com as profundas mudanças sociais que aconteceram e continuam a acontecer na sociedade cubana nos diferentes períodos históricos. Isto, devido a que o ritual na Santería é um espaço dinâmico onde se experimentam as relações individuais e coletivas, sociais e religiosas, e onde se fornece pressupostos indispensáveis para as pessoas enfrentarem com os desafios que o cotidiano lhes reserva. A pesquisa destaca aspectos internos do ritual conhecido como o Wemilere ou Tambor de Santo; bem como a relação entre os sujeitos que participam no ritual, as suas motivações e os espaços litúrgicos onde a celebração acontece. Os aspectos abordados no trabalho não constituem uma apreciação definitiva sobre o ritual, mas uma aproximação a um sistema religioso de grande importância no contexto sócio-cultural cubano. (AU)

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Neste trabalho busca se estudar o ritual, na Santería ou Regla de Ocha, como espaço de criação e sustentação do grupo religioso. Aqui são demonstrados e interpretados argumentos que evidenciam a pertinência da Santería como sistema religioso que ajuda as pessoas a lidarem com as profundas mudanças sociais que aconteceram e continuam a acontecer na sociedade cubana nos diferentes períodos históricos. Isto, devido a que o ritual na Santería é um espaço dinâmico onde se experimentam as relações individuais e coletivas, sociais e religiosas, e onde se fornece pressupostos indispensáveis para as pessoas enfrentarem com os desafios que o cotidiano lhes reserva. A pesquisa destaca aspectos internos do ritual conhecido como o Wemilere ou Tambor de Santo; bem como a relação entre os sujeitos que participam no ritual, as suas motivações e os espaços litúrgicos onde a celebração acontece. Os aspectos abordados no trabalho não constituem uma apreciação definitiva sobre o ritual, mas uma aproximação a um sistema religioso de grande importância no contexto sócio-cultural cubano. (AU)

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Neste trabalho busca se estudar o ritual, na Santería ou Regla de Ocha, como espaço de criação e sustentação do grupo religioso. Aqui são demonstrados e interpretados argumentos que evidenciam a pertinência da Santería como sistema religioso que ajuda as pessoas a lidarem com as profundas mudanças sociais que aconteceram e continuam a acontecer na sociedade cubana nos diferentes períodos históricos. Isto, devido a que o ritual na Santería é um espaço dinâmico onde se experimentam as relações individuais e coletivas, sociais e religiosas, e onde se fornece pressupostos indispensáveis para as pessoas enfrentarem com os desafios que o cotidiano lhes reserva. A pesquisa destaca aspectos internos do ritual conhecido como o Wemilere ou Tambor de Santo; bem como a relação entre os sujeitos que participam no ritual, as suas motivações e os espaços litúrgicos onde a celebração acontece. Os aspectos abordados no trabalho não constituem uma apreciação definitiva sobre o ritual, mas uma aproximação a um sistema religioso de grande importância no contexto sócio-cultural cubano. (AU)

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The status, roles, and interactions of three dominant African ethnic groups and their descendants in Cuba significantly influenced the island's cubanidad (national identity): the Lucumís (Yoruba), the Congos (Bantú speakers from Central West Africa), and the Carabalís (from the region of Calabar). These three groups, enslaved on the island, coexisted, each group confronting obstacles that threatened their way of life and cultural identities. Through covert resistance, cultural appropriation, and accommodation, all three, but especially the Lucumís, laid deep roots in the nineteenth century that came to fruition in the twentieth. During the early 1900s, Cuba confronted numerous pressures, internal and external. Under the pretense of a quest for national identity and modernity, Afro-Cubans and African cultures and religion came under political, social, and intellectual attack. Race was an undeniable element in these conflicts. While all three groups were oppressed equally, only the Lucumís fought back, contesting accusations of backwardness, human sacrifice, cannibalism, and brujería (witchcraft), exaggerated by the sensationalistic media, often with the police's and legal system's complicity. Unlike the covert character of earlier epochs' responses to oppression, in the twentieth century Lucumí resistance was overt and outspoken, publically refuting the accusations levied against African religions. Although these struggles had unintended consequences for the Lucumís, they gave birth to cubanidad's African component. With the help of Fernando Ortiz, the Lucumí were situated at the pinnacle of a hierarchical pyramid, stratifying African religious complexes based on civilizational advancement, but at a costly price. Social ascent denigrated Lucumí religion to the status of folklore, depriving it of its status as a bona fide religious complex. To the present, Lucumí religious descendants, in Cuba and, after 1959, in many other areas of the world, are still contesting this contradiction in terms: an elevated downgrade.

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The status, roles, and interactions of three dominant African ethnic groups and their descendants in Cuba significantly influenced the island’s cubanidad (national identity): the Lucumís (Yoruba), the Congos (Bantú speakers from Central West Africa), and the Carabalís (from the region of Calabar). These three groups, enslaved on the island, coexisted, each group confronting obstacles that threatened their way of life and cultural identities. Through covert resistance, cultural appropriation, and accommodation, all three, but especially the Lucumís, laid deep roots in the nineteenth century that came to fruition in the twentieth. During the early 1900s, Cuba confronted numerous pressures, internal and external. Under the pretense of a quest for national identity and modernity, Afro-Cubans and African cultures and religion came under political, social, and intellectual attack. Race was an undeniable element in these conflicts. While all three groups were oppressed equally, only the Lucumís fought back, contesting accusations of backwardness, human sacrifice, cannibalism, and brujería (witchcraft), exaggerated by the sensationalistic media, often with the police’s and legal system’s complicity. Unlike the covert character of earlier epochs’ responses to oppression, in the twentieth century Lucumí resistance was overt and outspoken, publically refuting the accusations levied against African religions. Although these struggles had unintended consequences for the Lucumís, they gave birth to cubanidad’s African component. With the help of Fernando Ortiz, the Lucumí were situated at the pinnacle of a hierarchical pyramid, stratifying African religious complexes based on civilizational advancement, but at a costly price. Social ascent denigrated Lucumí religion to the status of folklore, depriving it of its status as a bona fide religious complex. To the present, Lucumí religious descendants, in Cuba and, after 1959, in many other areas of the world, are still contesting this contradiction in terms: an elevated downgrade.