Use of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a biological control agent for submerged aquatic macrophytes

This study aimed to evaluate feed preference and control efficacy of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the aquatic macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum, Egeria densa and Egeria najas. An experiment was carried out at mesocosms conditions with 2,000 liters capacity and water residence time of 2.8 days. C. demersum, E. densa e E. najas biomasses were offered individually with sixty g and coupled in similar quantities of 30 g of each species, evaluated during 81 days, envolving 6 treatments. (1 - C. demersum, 2 - E. najas, 3 -E. densa, 4 - C. demersum + E. najas, 5 - C. demersum + E. densa and 6 - E. najas + E. densa). When offered individually, E. najas and C. demersum presented the same predation rate by grass carp, which was higher than E. densa predation rate. When plants were tested in pairs, the order of feed preference was C. demersum > E. najas > E. densa. E. najas and C. demersum percentage control ranged from 73 to 83%. No relation between biomass consumption and grass carp body weight gain was observed, probably due to differences in nutritional quality among macrophyte species according to fish necessities. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of grass carp is one excellent technique to control submersed macrophytes in Brazil.

Efeito do gelo clorado sobre parâmetros químicos e microbiológicos da carne de carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A rápida perecibilidade dos peixes provoca perdas na industrialização e comercialização desse alimento. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a eficiência da utilização de gelo clorado para ampliar a vida-de-prateleira de carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Foram realizadas contagens de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos e psicrotróficos na carne, e determinada a concentração de bases voláteis totais e o pH da carne de carpas armazenadas inteiras, sob refrigeração (3±1ºC), cobertas com gelo sem cloro ou clorado (5ppm), ao longo de 20 dias. O cloro reduziu significativamente (p<0,05) as populações de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos e psicrotróficos, o pH e os valores iniciais das bases voláteis totais (BVT) na carne de carpa capim. Os valores de BVT foram baixos e tiveram pouca variação ao longo da armazenagem. Os resultados demonstraram que a vida-de-prateleira de carpa capim pode ser aumentada em aproximadamente 3 dias utilizando cloro no gelo de armazenagem; bem como, que os parâmetros pH e bases voláteis totais não são bons indicadores para avaliar a deterioração desse peixe.

Cinética de deterioração apresentada por filés de carpa-capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella) embalados a vácuo sob diferentes condições de refrigeração

A diversificação da oferta de produtos pesqueiros e, as práticas de aquicultura poderão incrementar o consumo destes produtos, desde que a exigência cada vez maior dos consumidores por alimentos de melhor qualidade, frescos e naturais, seja levada em consideração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um estudo tecnológico visando à obtenção de um alimento minimamente processado à base de carpa-capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella), estudando os fatores que influenciam na qualidade dos filés de carpa sob embalagem com atmosfera modificada a vácuo, armazenadas a temperatura de refrigeração. Em resumo, o processamento mínimo aplicado às amostras, aliado à embalagem a vácuo permitiu aumentar a vida-útil dos filés de carpa-capim.

Desarrollo de coextruidos de pasta de soya (Glycine max) y subproductos de carpa herbívora (Ctenopharyngodon idella) para nutrición de bagre (Ictalurus punctatus)

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Recursos Alimenticios y Producción Acuícola) UANL

Avaliação do cultivo em gaiolas e do beneficiamento da carpa-capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

O cultivo de carpa capim em gaiolas não tem sido relatado no Brasil. Estudos direcionados ao diagnóstico da piscicultura neste país revelam a necessidade de agregação de valor ao peixe cultivado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a performance da espécie em gaiolas, bem como desenvolver tecnologia para seu beneficiamento na forma de hambúrguer. O cultivo foi desenvolvido em gaiolas colocadas em açude de 22 ha, onde se compararam as densidades de estocagem de 75 e 40 peixes/m³. A dieta comercial oferecida era extrusada com 32% de proteína. Os parâmetros de qualidade da água mantiveram-se, quase totalmente, dentro dos padrões para o cultivo desta espécie. Taxas de crescimento de 0,8 e 1,1 g/dia foram observadas nos tratamentos com maior e menor densidades, respectivamente. Em ambos os tratamentos, a conversão alimentar aparente foi de 1,7 e a taxa de sobrevivência de 99%. Os resultados não diferiram significativamente, revelando que densidades maiores poderão ser testadas. Um experimento inicial, em que se incluía forragem verde na alimentação das carpas, foi finalizado devido a danos causados às gaiolas por roedores Myocastor coypus. O rendimento médio dos filés obtidos de carpas jovens foi de 29,8%, comparado com 39,1% dos filés de carpas adultas. As carcaças dos peixes jovens tiveram rendimento de 49,7%, contra 60,4% das carcaças adultas. Foram produzidos hambúrgueres de peixe a partir destes quatro métodos de processamento. Vários atributos foram comparados na avaliação sensorial e apenas a suculência dos hambúrgueres produzidos com filés de carpas jovens foi significativamente superior a dos demais.

Preferência alimentar e eficiência da carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella) no controle de macrófitas aquáticas em mesocosmos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Use of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) as a biological control agent for submerged aquatic macrophytes

This study aimed to evaluate feed preference and control efficacy of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the aquatic macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum, Egeria densa and Egeria najas. An experiment was carried out at mesocosms conditions with 2,000 liters capacity and water residence time of 2.8 days. C. demersum, E. densa e E. najas biomasses were offered individually with sixty g and coupled in similar quantities of 30 g of each species, evaluated during 81 days, envolving 6 treatments. (1 - C. demersum, 2 - E. najas, 3 - E. densa, 4 - C. demersum + E. najas, 5 - C. demersum + E. densa and 6 - E. najas + E. densa). When offered individually, E. najas and C. demersum presented the same predation rate by grass carp, which was higher than E. densa predation rate. When plants were tested in pairs, the order of feed preference was C. demersum > E. najas > E. densa. E. najas and C. demersum percentage control ranged from 73 to 83%. No relation between biomass consumption and grass carp body weight gain was observed, probably due to differences in nutritional quality among macrophyte species according to fish necessities. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of grass carp is one excellent technique to control submersed macrophytes in Brazil.

Antibiotic resistance pattern of motile aeromonads from farm raised fresh water fish

Motile aeromonads isolated from the intestines of farm-raised freshwater fish such as Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Ctenopharyngodon idella have been characterized to species level. Morphological and physiological grouping revealed 61% Aeromonas hydrophila, 30% Aeromonas caviae, 7% Aeromonas sobria and 2% which remained unidentified. Hemolytic activity was detected mostly in A. hydrophila, while only half of the A. sobria and A. caviae showed this activity. Antibiotic resistance patterns of the strains revealed that they had acquired a relatively higher resistance to oxytetracycline, amoxycillin, ampicillin, novobiocin and polymixin-B, implicating possible use of these antibiotics in the aquaculture systems.

Effects of atrazine and picloram on grass carp: acute toxicity and histological assessment

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of atrazine and picloram separately to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Firstly, fingerlings were exposed to nominal concentrations of these herbicides to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) (96 h). After this, the animals were treated with sub-acute concentrations of the herbicides to measure the effects on gill histology. The LC50 (96 h) of the atrazine and picloram were, respectively, 37mg L-1 and 4.4 mgL(-1). Four types of alterations were found in gills exposed to atrazine, which were epithelial lifting, partial cell proliferation, lamellar fusion, and aneurysm. Nominal concentrations of picloram caused epithelial lifting, partial cell proliferation, and lamellar fusion.

Parasites of endemic and introduced fishes of Zaianderud River of the Esfahan

In this research, 9 species of local and introduced fishes of the Zayandehroud River in Esfahan province (in the Sarmatian region belonging to the large paleoarctic fauna) in 6 seasons (winter 2003, spring, summer, autumn and winter 2004 and summer 2005) were parasitologically studied. The local fishes included alburnoides bipunctatus, Alburnus maculatus, Aphanius vladykovi, Capoeta aculeata & Capoeta damascina & the introduced fishes included Aristichthys nobilis, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio. Upon being hunted, the fishes were transferred alive to Esfahan Aquatics Breeding Center and physiologically studied after the determination of their species and genus by identification keys Berg (30), Coad (31), Saadati (51), Abdoli (20) and Holchic (38). 32 species of parasites were totally identified as follows: 6 Protozoan species including Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, 5 Trichodina species, 2 Myxobolus species including Myxobolus cristatus & Myxobolus saidovi, 16 monogenea species including Dactylogyrus alatus. D. anchorutus, D. baueri, D. chalcalburni, D. chramuli, D. extensus, D. gracilis, D. lamellatus, D. lenkorani and D. pukher, 4 Dactylogyrus spp. 2 Gyrodactylus species, 1 species of Digenea, Diplostomum spthaceum, 4 species of Cestoda including Bothriocephallus gowkongensis, khawia armeniaca, Ligulaintestinalis. Caryophyllaeus sp. 1 Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalo rhynchoides cholodkowsky, 2 species of the crustaceans including the mature & copepodian stages of Lernaea cyprinacea & 1 sp of the genus Lamproglena. Out of all the 166 pcs of the fishes hunted in this research, 127 fishes (76.5%) were infected, and 39 fishes (23.50%) were not infected. In the fishes studied, having 14 of 32 species of the parasites identified, Capoeta aculeata displayed the most variety of infection, and having only 1 sp of the parasites. Aristichthys nobilis displayed the least variety of infection. The new findings of the research will follow: Myxobolus saidovi sp is reported for the 1st time from Iran's fresh water fishes, Alburnus maculatus and Capoeta aculeata are new hosts for M. saidovi and M. cristatus, respectively. Regarding monogenea Capoeta damascina & C. aculeata were reported as the new hosts for parasite D. pukher. The presence of D. pukher the infection of Capoeta aculeata with D. chramuli, D. lenkorani and D. gracilis in the Zayandehroud river were the 1st report. Regarding the Cestodea, Bothriocephalus gowkongensis was reported to be hosted by Aphanius Vladykovi for the 1St time in Iran.