« Aulcune bonne ottorité de philosophie naturelle par quoy on peult veritablement congnoistre de quoy est faitte et composées les oeuvres d'argent vif crud des philosophes ».

Contient : « Regles sans lesquelles nul ne peut parvenir à la congnoissance du grand oeuvre » ; « Aultre traitté de la pierre des philosophes, en rime, par huitain »

Protecting databases from schema disclosure: a CRUD-based protection model

Database schemas, in many organizations, are considered one of the critical assets to be protected. From database schemas, it is not only possible to infer the information being collected but also the way organizations manage their businesses and/or activities. One of the ways to disclose database schemas is through the Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD) expressions. In fact, their use can follow strict security rules or be unregulated by malicious users. In the first case, users are required to master database schemas. This can be critical when applications that access the database directly, which we call database interface applications (DIA), are developed by third party organizations via outsourcing. In the second case, users can disclose partially or totally database schemas following malicious algorithms based on CRUD expressions. To overcome this vulnerability, we propose a new technique where CRUD expressions cannot be directly manipulated by DIAs any more. Whenever a DIA starts-up, the associated database server generates a random codified token for each CRUD expression and sends it to the DIA that the database servers can use to execute the correspondent CRUD expression. In order to validate our proposal, we present a conceptual architectural model and a proof of concept.

Refactoring Service Interface to Support Artefact-centric Service interaction

The growth of APIs and Web services on the Internet, especially through larger enterprise systems increasingly being leveraged for Cloud and software-as-a-service opportunities, poses challenges for improving the efficiency of integration with these services. Interfaces of enterprise systems are typically larger, more complex and overloaded, with single operations having multiple data entities and parameter sets, supporting varying requests, and reflecting versioning across different system releases, compared to fine-grained operations of contemporary interfaces. We propose a technique to support the refactoring of service interfaces by deriving business entities and their relationships. In this paper, we focus on the behavioural aspects of service interfaces, aiming to discover the sequential dependencies of operations (otherwise known as protocol extraction) based on the entities and relationships derived. Specifically, we propose heuristics according to these relationships, and in turn, deriving permissible orders in which operations are invoked. As a result of this, service operations can be refactored on business entity CRUD lines, with explicit behavioural protocols as part of an interface definition. This supports flexible service discovery, composition and integration. A prototypical implementation and analysis of existing Web services, including those of commercial logistic systems (Fedex), are used to validate the algorithms proposed through the paper.

Deriving artefact-centric interfaces for overloaded web services

We present a novel framework and algorithms for the analysis of Web service interfaces to improve the efficiency of application integration in wide-spanning business networks. Our approach addresses the notorious issue of large and overloaded operational signatures, which are becoming increasingly prevalent on the Internet and being opened up for third-party service aggregation. Extending upon existing techniques used to refactor service interfaces based on derived artefacts of applications, namely business entities, we propose heuristics for deriving relations between business entities, and in turn, deriving permissible orders in which operations are invoked. As a result, service operations are refactored on business entity CRUD which then leads to behavioural protocols generated, thus supportive of fine-grained and flexible service discovery, composition and interaction. A prototypical implementation and analysis of web services, including those of commercial logistic systems (Fedex), are used to validate the algorithms and open up further insights into service interface synthesis.

Discovering behavioural interfaces for overloaded web services

The growth of APIs and Web services on the Internet, especially through larger enterprise systems increasingly being leveraged for Cloud and software-as-a-service opportuni- ties, poses challenges to improving the efficiency of integration with these services. Interfaces of enterprise systems are typically larger, more complex and overloaded, with single operation having multiple data entities and parameter sets, supporting varying requests, and reflecting versioning across different system releases, compared to fine-grained operations of contemporary interfaces. We propose a technique to support the refactoring of service interfaces by deriving business entities and their relationships. In this paper, we focus on the behavioural aspects of service interfaces, aiming to discover the sequential dependencies of operations (otherwise known as protocol extraction) based on the entities and relationships derived. Specifically, we propose heuristics according to these relationships, and in turn, deriving permissible orders in which operations are invoked. As a result of this, service operations can be refactored on business entity CRUD lines, with explicit behavioural protocols as part of an interface definition. This supports flexible service discovery, composition and integration. A prototypical implementation and analysis of existing Web services, including those of commercial logistic systems (Fedex), are used to validate the algorithms proposed through the paper.

Interactions of dietary levels of protein and energy on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in desert brackish water

A 3x3 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the optimum protein to energy (P/E) ratio for rainbow trout in brackish water. Three crud protein levels and three energy levels at each protein level were utilized. Diets were made in semi-purified that in all of them fish meal, casein and gelatin as the sources of protein and dextrin, starch and oil as the sources of energy were used. Each of experimental diets was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish with an average individual weight of 81.5 g in 9 2000-1 flow trough fiberglass tanks. During this experiment water temperature, dissolved oxygen, PH and EC were 15±2°C, 6.5-8.1 mg/1, 7.7-8.6 and 25400 grills respectively. The diets were fed at a rate between 1.6-2 wet body weight% per day depended to water temperature in three equal rations and adjusted two weekly for 84 days. At each of protein levels, weight gain percent (%WG), average daily growth percent (%ADG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization percent (%ANPU), or percent of protein deposited, specific growth rate (SGR) and condition factor (CF) were found to increase and food conversion ratio (FCR) was found to decrease with an increasing energy levels from 370 to 430 Kcal/100g. Fish fed a 35% protein, 430 Kcal/100g energy diet with a P/E ratio of 81.4 mg protein/ Kcal PFV energy, attained the best growth performance. Fat and moisture of carcass were affected by protein and energy levels of test diets while protein and ash of carcass were relatively constant in different treatments.

Gestor de exposiciones caninas en Ruby on Rails

[ES]Desarrollo de una aplicación online para gestionar exposiciones caninas mediante el framework Ruby on Rails para la construcción de un portal web completo, dedicado al sector de las exposiciones caninas de belleza. Se utiliza la metodología de desarrollo ágil eXtreme Programmin, ha sido un desarrollo guiado por pruebas de aceptación (ATDD). Para las pruebas se ha utilizado Rspec y Cucumber. Está incluida información respecto al esquema jerárquico de las razas según la FCI y tenemos la posibilidad de administrar exposiciones caninas de belleza. Como administradores tenemos capacidades CRUD sobre ellas. Como usuarios podemos consultar la información que hay en el sistema respecto a las exposiciones, e inscribir a nuestros perros a las mismas.

Autogestor de contenidos dinámico (ACD)

Este proyecto se centra en la construcción de una herramienta para la gestión de contenidos de muy diversos tipos, siendo fácilmente adaptable a cada uno de los contextos. Permite guardar los contenidos necesarios gracias a un formulario previamente personalizado, de este modo hay un editor que se dedica solamente a la introducción de los contenidos y un administrador que personaliza los campos del formulario según los contenidos. En esencia la herramienta sirve de apoyo a dos tipos de usuario, desarrolladores (administrador) y redactores (editor), a los primeros les simplifica las tareas de conceptualización de las estructuras de datos de las que se desea tener persistencia y sirve como base para construir los editores que usan los redactores, por otro lado proporciona un API sencillo, potente y ágil para recuperar los datos introducidos por los redactores. La herramienta a su vez está pensada para ser interoperable, es decir, no obliga a usar un tipo de almacenamiento persistente concreto. Puede utilizar desde los sencillos archivos de texto, con lo que puede desplegarse en servidores treméndamente básicos. Por otro lado, si se necesita potencia en las búsquedas, nada debe impedir el uso de bases de datos relacionales como MySql. O incluso si se quiere dar un paso más y se quiere aprovechar la flexibilidad, potencia y maleabilidad de las bases de datos NoSql (como MongoDB) no es costoso, lo que hay que hacer es implementar una nueva clase de tipo PersistentManager y desarrollar los tipos de búsqueda y recuperación de contenidos que se necesiten. En la versión inicial de la herramienta se han implementado estos tres tipos de almacenes, nada impide usar sólo alguno de ellos y desechar el resto o implementar uno nuevo. Desde el punto de vista de los redactores, les ofrece un entorno sencillo y potente para poder realizar las tareas típicas denominadas CRUD (Create Read Update Delete, Crear Leer Actualizar y Borrar), un redactor podrá crear, buscar, re-aprovechar e incluso planificar publicación de contenidos en el tiempo. ABSTRACT This project focuses on building a tool for content management of many types, being easily adaptable to each context. Saves the necessary content through a previously designed form, thus there will be an editor working only on the introduction of the contents and there will be an administrator to customize the form fields as contents. Essentially the tool provides support for two types of users, developers (administrator) and editors, the first will have simplified the tasks of conceptualization of data structures which are desired to be persistent and serve as the basis for building the structures that will be used by editors, on the other hand provides a simple, powerful and agile API to retrieve the data entered by the editors. The tool must also be designed to be interoperable, which means not to be bound by the use of a particular type of persistent storage. You can use simple text files, which can be deployed in extremely basic servers. On the other hand, if power is needed in searches, nothing should prevent the use of relational databases such as MySQL. Or even if you want to go a step further and want to take advantage of the flexibility, power and malleability of NoSQL databases (such as MongoDB) it will not be difficult, you will only need to implement a new class of PersistentManager type and develop the type of search and query of content as needed. In the initial version of the tool these three types of storage have been implemented, it will be entitled to use only one of them and discard the rest or implement a new one. From the point of view of the editors, it offers a simple and powerful environment to perform the typical tasks called CRUD (Create Read Update Delete), an editor can create, search, re-use and even plan publishing content in time.

Principes raisonnés d'agriculture /

Mode of access: Internet.

Effect of boiling on deposition of metallic colloids

In this study the relationship between heterogeneous nucleate boiling surfaces and deposition of suspended metallic colloidal particles, popularly known as crud or corrosion products in process industries, on those heterogeneous sites is investigated. Various researchers have reported that hematite is a major constituent of crud which makes it the primary material of interest; however the models developed in this work are irrespective of material choice. Qualitative hypotheses on the deposition process under boiling as proposed by previous researchers have been tested, which fail to provide explanations for several physical mechanisms observed and analyzed. In this study a quantitative model of deposition rate has been developed on the basis of bubble dynamics and colloid-surface interaction potential. Boiling from a heating surface aids in aggregation of the metallic particulates viz. nano-particles, crud particulate, etc. suspended in a liquid, which helps in transporting them to heating surfaces. Consequently, clusters of particles deposit onto the heating surfaces due to various interactive forces, resulting in formation of porous or impervious layers. The deposit layer grows or recedes depending upon variations in interparticle and surface forces, fluid shear, fluid chemistry, etc. This deposit layer in turn affects the rate of bubble generation, formation of porous chimneys, critical heat flux (CHF) of surfaces, activation and deactivation of nucleation sites on the heating surfaces. Several problems are posed due to the effect of boiling on colloidal deposition, which range from research initiatives involving nano-fluids as a heat transfer medium to industrial applications such as light water nuclear reactors. In this study, it is attempted to integrate colloid and surface science with vapor bubble dynamics, boiling heat transfer and evaporation rate. Pool boiling experiments with dilute metallic colloids have been conducted to investigate several parameters impacting the system. The experimental data available in the literature is obtained by flow experiments, which do not help in correlating boiling mechanism with the deposition amount or structure. With the help of experimental evidences and analysis, previously proposed hypothesis for particle transport to the contact line due to hydrophobicity has been challenged. The experimental observations suggest that deposition occurs around the bubble surface contact line and extends underneath area of the bubble microlayer as well. During the evaporation the concentration gradient of a non-volatile species is created, which induces osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure developed inside the microlayer draws more particles inside the microlayer region or towards contact line. The colloidal escape time is slower than the evaporation time, which leads to the aggregation of particles in the evaporating micro-layer. These aggregated particles deposit onto or are removed from the heating surface, depending upon their total interaction potential. Interaction potential has been computed with the help of surface charge and van der Waals potential for the materials in aqueous solutions. Based upon the interaction-force boundary layer thickness, which is governed by debye radius (or ionic concentration and pH), a simplified quantitative model for the attachment kinetics is proposed. This attachment kinetics model gives reasonable results in predicting attachment rate against data reported by previous researchers. The attachment kinetics study has been done for different pH levels and particle sizes for hematite particles. Quantification of colloidal transport under boiling scenarios is done with the help of overall average evaporation rates because generally waiting times for bubbles at the same position is much larger than growth times. In other words, from a larger measurable scale perspective, frequency of bubbles dictates the rate of collection of particles rather than evaporation rate during micro-layer evaporation of one bubble. The combination of attachment kinetics and colloidal transport kinetics has been used to make a consolidated model for prediction of the amount of deposition and is validated with the help of high fidelity experimental data. In an attempt to understand and explain boiling characteristics, high speed visualization of bubble dynamics from a single artificial large cavity and multiple naturally occurring cavities is conducted. A bubble growth and departure dynamics model is developed for artificial active sites and is validated with the experimental data. The variation of bubble departure diameter with wall temperature is analyzed with experimental results and shows coherence with earlier studies. However, deposit traces after boiling experiments show that bubble contact diameter is essential to predict bubble departure dynamics, which has been ignored previously by various researchers. The relationship between porosity of colloid deposits and bubbles under the influence of Jakob number, sub-cooling and particle size has been developed. This also can be further utilized in variational wettability of the surface. Designing porous surfaces can having vast range of applications varying from high wettability, such as high critical heat flux boilers, to low wettability, such as efficient condensers.

Secure, dynamic and distributed access control stack for database applications

In database applications, access control security layers are mostly developed from tools provided by vendors of database management systems and deployed in the same servers containing the data to be protected. This solution conveys several drawbacks. Among them we emphasize: 1) if policies are complex, their enforcement can lead to performance decay of database servers; 2) when modifications in the established policies implies modifications in the business logic (usually deployed at the client-side), there is no other possibility than modify the business logic in advance and, finally, 3) malicious users can issue CRUD expressions systematically against the DBMS expecting to identify any security gap. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper we propose an access control stack characterized by: most of the mechanisms are deployed at the client-side; whenever security policies evolve, the security mechanisms are automatically updated at runtime and, finally, client-side applications do not handle CRUD expressions directly. We also present an implementation of the proposed stack to prove its feasibility. This paper presents a new approach to enforce access control in database applications, this way expecting to contribute positively to the state of the art in the field.

Secure, dynamic and distributed access control stack for database applications

In database applications, access control security layers are mostly developed from tools provided by vendors of database management systems and deployed in the same servers containing the data to be protected. This solution conveys several drawbacks. Among them we emphasize: (1) if policies are complex, their enforcement can lead to performance decay of database servers; (2) when modifications in the established policies implies modifications in the business logic (usually deployed at the client-side), there is no other possibility than modify the business logic in advance and, finally, 3) malicious users can issue CRUD expressions systematically against the DBMS expecting to identify any security gap. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper we propose an access control stack characterized by: most of the mechanisms are deployed at the client-side; whenever security policies evolve, the security mechanisms are automatically updated at runtime and, finally, client-side applications do not handle CRUD expressions directly. We also present an implementation of the proposed stack to prove its feasibility. This paper presents a new approach to enforce access control in database applications, this way expecting to contribute positively to the state of the art in the field.

Comportamento de leguminosas forrageiras tropicais sob adubacao fosfatada em Petrolina, PE.

Avaliou-se a produtividade de doze leguminosas forrageiras, associadas ou nao a adubacao fosfatada. As doze especies selecionadas foram estabelecidas em parcelas de 6 m x 3 m, em fileiras espacadas de 0,60 m. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas divididas e tres repeticoes. As especies constituiram as parcelas, e a adubacao ( 0 e 60 kg/ha de P2O5) as subparcelas. As leguminosas Macrotillium sp CPATSA 80218 (BRA-004537) e Indigofera sp CPATSA 7620 (BRA-000701) apresentaram melhores resultados nos tres anos de estudo. A primeira apresentou produtividade de: 5.430 e 4.862 e a segunda 3.972 e 3.736 kg de materia seca/ha/ano, nas parcelas com e sem adubacao, respectivamente. Apesar de o nivel de P no solo ser baixo, as leguminoas apresentaram uma resposta de apenas 9,0% a adubacao fosfatada.