Croton tiglium (Linn) seed as an ideal eradicant of pests and predators in fish farms

The toxicity of Croton tiglium seed is very effective in the eradication of most of the aquatic fauna except a few species of hard shelled crustaceans such as crabs and prawns which are resistant to even very high concentrations of it. Its toxicity ranged between 0.4 and 2.2 p.p.m. for different species of fishes. Application of homogenized C. tiglium seed at the rate of 10 kg/ha (0.5 m depth) is found effective for the eradication of aquatic pests and predators of fish farms. While its toxicity lasts for 5-8 days in still water ponds, it is only for 1-3 days in tidal ponds with frequent replenishment of water. This method is thus most useful for the initial preparation of the ponds for pisciculture.

Estudo das combinação de fertilizantes orgânicos e químicos na produção da massa foliar da sacaca (Croton cajucara Benth).

Informações sobre práticas fitotécnicas para eficientizar o cultivo de sacaca e, assim, fornecer indicações agrícolas para a melhoria do nível de qualidade dos produtos fitoterápicos no Amazonas.

Linalol, principal componente químico dos óleos essenciais da folha da sacaca (Croton cajucara Benth) e da madeira do pau-rosa (Aniba duckei Kostermans).

Verificação, de forma exploratória, dos efeitos de nutrientes químicos e orgânicos no rendimento em óleo e no teor de linalol de sacaca cultivada na área experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental (Manaus-AM).

Produção de mudas de sacaca (Croton cajucara Benth.).

Seleção de matrizes. Seleção e retirada dos rebentos. Preparo do substrato. Manutenção de mudas.

Avaliação inicial do RAPD como forma de acessar a variabilidade genética na espécie rica em linalol Croton cajuçara Benth. (sacaca).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilidade dos métodos praticados no Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, incluindo o teste da reprodutividade das bandas, para acessar a variabilidade genética entre plantas de sacaca por meio de marcadores moleculares do tipo RAPD ("Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA").

Effects of the Piscicides, Mahua Oil Cake and Croton Seed on the Prawn Culture System

Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry

Effects Of The Piscicides, Mahua Oil Cake And Croton Seed On The Prawn Culture System

The present research programme envisages a comparative study of the effects of two piscicides of plant origin, viz., mahua oil cake, a derivative from the plant fig Iatifolia and croton seed, a product from the plant Croton tiglium. Although some reports on the effects of mahua oil cake and croton seed on fresh water pond culture systems are available, information on their effect on brackishwater culture systems are rather scanty This was the guiding principle for launching the present study It is hoped that the findings will enable aquaculturists to make use of the piscicides in a more rational and efficient way, and will go a long way towards realising the maximum return liom culture systems without hampering the environment. The thesis is presented in seven chapters such as Introduction, Review of literature, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Summary and Bibliography

Croton laceratoglandulosus (Euphorbiaceae s.s.), a new glandular-stipulate species from Brazil and Bolivia, and its systematic position based on molecular analysis

Croton laceratoglandulosus, a new species from the dry forests of the Brazilian states of Piaui, Ceara, Bahia and Minas Gerais, and the Bolivian department of Santa Cruz, is described and illustrated here. Molecular sequence data demonstrate that it is most closely related to the taxa of Croton section Cascarilla, and not to sections Medea or Barhamia, which also have glandular calyces and laciniate stipules. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 493-498.

Croton campanulatus (Euphorbiaceae s.s.), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest

Croton campanulatus, a new species from southeastern Brazil in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, is here described and illustrated. Morphological data indicate that this species belongs to Croton section Cleodora based on its arborescent habit, pistillate flowers with imbricate sepals, reduced petals, and multifid styles that are fused at the base.

A new species of Croton section Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) from Minas Gerais, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Molecular phylogenetics and character evolution of the ""sacaca"" clade: Novel relationships of Croton section Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae)

Phylogenetic relationships of Croton section Cleodora (Klotzsch) Baill. were evaluated using the nuclear ribosomal ITS and the chloroplast trnl-F and trnH-psbA regions. Our results show a strongly supported clade containing most previously recognized section Cleodora species, plus some other species morphologically similar to them. Two morphological synapomorphies that support section Cleodora as a clade include pistillate flowers in which the sepals overlap to some degree, and styles that are connate at the base to varying degrees. The evolution of vegetative and floral characters that have previously been relied on for taxonomic decisions within this group are evaluated in light of the phylogenetic hypotheses. Within section Cleodora there are two well-supported clades, which are proposed here as subsections (subsection Sphaerogyni and subsection Spruceani). The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis identifies the closest relatives of the medicinally important and essential oil-rich Croton cajucara Benth. as candidates for future screening in phytochemical and pharmacological studies. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Croton heterocalyx Baill. (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) Leaves

The chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Croton heterocalyx leaves were evaluated. The oil which was analyzed by GC and GUMS was found to contain germacrene D (12.5%), bicyclogermacrene (11.2%), delta-elemene (9.2%) beta-elemene (8.2%), spathulenol (6.9%), linalool (5.4%) and 1,8-cineole (3.7%) its major components. Croton. heterocalyx oil displayed a high inhibitory activity against the fungi Aspergillus niger (16404) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231.) as well its the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), hut a very weak activity was observed for the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027).