978 resultados para Crianças superdotadas - Identificação
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Pediatria - FMB
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There is in the literature a divergent description between lexical knowledge and word production accuracy. The aims of this study were: (a) to investigate the influence (effect) of the word lexical knowledge over production accuracy; (b) in case there is, to characterize acoustically this interference. Eight children (5-6 years old) with typical development language participated of this study. The methodological procedure consisted of: (a) survey of the children lexical knowledge concerning to IAFAC’s words; (b) recordings of the IAFAC’s words; (c) identifi cation and characterization of the linguistic cues, by acoustic analysis, in the IAFAC’s word production in function of the different knowledge degrees. Our results suggest a negative correlation (r=-0,13, p=0,000) between lexical knowledge and presence of the linguistics cues in word’s production. However, the linguistics cues refer to hesitative cues instead of phonological errors. Implications of these results for clinical practicing are discussed.
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o processo de identificação das altas habi-lidades/superdotação em crianças da faixa etária de quatro a seis anos, consideran-do-se uma concepção de inteligência que evidencie suas múltiplas expressões e um entendimento dinâmico dos indicadores que definem os sujeitos que apresentam es-tas características. As propostas teóricas de dois autores contribuíram para que es-tas concepções fossem alicerçadas: a Teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas, de Howard Gardner e a Teoria dos Três Anéis, de Joseph Renzulli. Assim, este estudo caracte-rizou-se por enfocar a identificação das altas habilidades/superdotação a partir de um paradigma qualitativo e teve como efeito a sistematização de um procedimento que reconhece não só o sujeito cognoscente, nas suas diferentes formas de conhe-cer o mundo e de expressar a inteligência, mas também nos seus componentes afe-tivos, psicomotores e sociais, enfatizando suas singularidades e potencialidades, re-conhecendo suas limitações e valorizando sua interação com o meio onde vive. As informações para o estudo foram obtidas através da filmagem das atividades espon-tâneas dos sujeitos selecionados - dois meninos e uma menina -, entrevistas com as famílias e professores, produções das crianças reunidas em um Portfólio e informa-ções arquivadas nos prontuários do Centro de Desenvolvimento, Estudos e Pesqui-sas nas Altas Habilidades -CEDEPAH. O referencial para registro destas imagens foi o desenvolvimento de atividades que apresentassem início, meio e fim, nomeadas como Estruturas Narrativas. Um primeiro conjunto de cenas foi formado considerando as atividades das três crianças, sujeitos desta investigação. Um segundo recorte foi realizado nesse conjunto, orientado pela aparição de comportamentos indicativos das seguintes categorias: linguagem, matemática, ciências, música, social, corporal-cinestésico, espacial, artes visuais e estilos de trabalho. A análise do material transcrito foi efetuada considerando duas dimensões: a visual e a verbal. Os resultados obtidos nesta análise permitem concluir que podem ser evidenciados os indicadores de altas habilidades/superdotação em crianças nesta faixa etária. Além disto, enfatizam, também, a importância de procedimentos de identificação norteados pela provisão de atividades estimuladoras e desafiantes para as crianças e pela multiplicidade de olhares, remetendo, desta forma, à participação de profissionais de outras áreas nesta ação. O processo de identificação aqui proposto é percebido como um processo contínuo, garantido pelo acompanhamento dos sujeitos ao longo do tempo e em diferentes situações de seu cotidiano. Esse entendimento resulta num perfil narrativo de cada criança, onde, por um lado, são assinalados os pontos fortes e aqueles que têm de ser melhorados e, por outro, a influência do ambiente é reconhecida na produção desse perfil, estimulando os pontos fortes e desenvolvendo aqueles que necessitam auxílio. Desta forma, os comportamentos apresentados não são percebidos como um produto finalizado da inteligência. Um estudo desta natureza pode se constituir um pilar importante na construção de políticas públicas e na busca de estratégias de atendimento que visem à prevenção, pois o oferecimento de informações e orientações adequadas aos pais e professores intervém no processo educacional destas crianças, impedindo o aparecimento de problemas que dificultem o seu desenvolvimento.
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Alterations in the neuropsychomotor development of children are not rare and can manifest themselves with varying intensity at different stages of their development. In this context, maternal risk factors may contribute to the appearance of these alterations. A number of studies have reported that neuropsychomotor development diagnosis is not an easy task, especially in the basic public health network. Diagnosis requires effective, low-cost, and easy - to-apply procedures. The Denver Developmental Screening Test, first published in 1967, is currently used in several countries. It has been revised and renamed as the Denver II Test and meets the aforementioned criteria. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to apply the Denver II Test in order to verify the prevalence of suspected neuropsychomotor development delay in children between the ages of 0 and 12 months and correlate it with the following maternal risk factors: family income, schooling, age at pregnancy, drug use during pregnancy, gestational age, gestational problems, type of delivery and the desire to have children. For data collection, performed during the first 6 months of 2004, a clinical assessment was made of 398 children selected by pediatricians and the nursing team of each public health unit. Later, the parents or guardians were asked to complete a structured questionnaire to determine possible risk indicators of neuropsychomotor development delay. Finally the Denver II Developmental Screening Test (DDST) was applied. The data were analyzed together, using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 6.1. The confidence interval was set at 95%. The Denver II Test yielded normal and questionable results. This suggests compromised neuropsychomotor development in the children examined and deserves further investigation. The correlation of the results with preestablished maternal risk variables (family income, mother s schooling, age at pregnancy, drug use during the pregnancy and gestational age) was strongly significant. The other maternal risk variables (gestational problems, type of delivery and desire to have children) were not significant. Using an adjusted logistic regression model, we obtained the estimate of the greater likelihood of a child having suspected neuropsychomotor development delay: a mother with _75 4 years of schooling, chronological age less than 20 years and a drug user during pregnancy. This study produced two manuscripts, one published in Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira , in which an analysis was performed of children with suspected neuropsychomotor development delay in the city of Natal, Brazil. The other paper (to be published) analyzed the magnitude of the independent variable maternal schooling associated to neuropsychomotor development delay, every 3 months during the first twelve months of life of the children selected.. The results of the present study reinforce the multifactorial characteristic of development and the cumulative effect of maternal risk factors, and show the need for a regional policy that promotes low-cost programs for the community, involving children at risk of neuropsychomotor development delay. Moreover, they suggest the need for better qualified health professionals in terms of monitoring child development. This was an inter- and multidisciplinary study with the integrated participation of doctors, nurses, nursing assistants and professionals from other areas, such as statisticians and information technology professionals, who met all the requirements of the Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
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Unlike adult cancer, where cells usually originate from epithelial tissue and is linked to environmental factors, malignant tumors in childhood are mostly of embryonic origin and have a phase of rapid proliferation. When not started chemotherapy at this stage, the tumor increases in size, reducing their growth rate, thus reducing the response to chemotherapy. Childhood cancer is in Brazil, the second cause of mortality among children and adolescents from one to nineteen. His impact on the ranking of diseases becomes significantly important to public health since the first issue is related to accidents and violence. Many children are still sent to the centers of high complexity for cancer treatment with advanced stage disease. The delay in referral to diagnosis can be family, or the difficulty of access to the health sector, or the characteristics of the disease and lack of health staff regarding theme of childhood cancer. Before this problem, we aimed to assess the performance of health teams in the identification of child and adolescent symptoms of cancer in primary care, through the action research methodology, which includes the teaching-learning, seminars, describing the actions of the group and discussing the activities after the training. This study involved thirty-seven health professionals who provide care for children and adolescents in the USF Felipe Shrimp II, the Support Center for Children with Cancer and the pediatric hospital UFRN during the period from March to December 2010. The data were analyzed simultaneously to evaluate actions, following the direction of the analysis of ideas Freires, having as theoretical reference the primary health care. The diagnosis of current reality, as knowledge of the health team targeted for early identification of signs and symptoms raised through questioning, presented as generative themes: resistance to change, awareness of the need for apprehension of knowledge; prior knowledge through the media, fragmentation of the healthcare network, interfering with the operation of the reference and counter, the stigma of death, among others. The selected themes enabled the choice of content for the preparation of four seminars, such as implementation of collective action for discussion problematical. The teaching-learning process has allowed the study participants awareness of the problem and work through the knowledge acquired by interfering in decreasing the time interval between the identification of signs and symptoms of cancer and early specialist treatment. Their difficulties we are faced with a diagnosis of terminal cancer and associated with delayed access to laboratory tests and imaging necessary for the diagnosis of neoplasms. Thus, we find that when the team is consciously involved in the education process from identification of the problem situation, there may be significant changes in daily activities through awareness of being. However, we also realize that acquisition of knowledge and interest of the team are not enough, since to be efficiency of our service, we need an organization of cancer care network operating in the state of Rio Grande do Norte