Portrait de l’état actuel du développement des entreprises dans le secteur des technologies propres en Estrie

Le présent essai dresse le portrait de l’état actuel du développement des entreprises dans le secteur des technologies propres en Estrie, afin d’aider le Créneau Accord Bio-industries environnementales à entreprendre une démarche pour améliorer son offre de services et promouvoir sa mission auprès des entreprises œuvrant dans le secteur. Le Créneau Accord Bio-industries environnementales est une organisation sherbrookoise qui a pour mission de pousser le développement des filières de technologies propres qu’il chapeaute à l’échelle du Québec dans le cadre de la démarche d’action concertée de coopération régionale de développement du gouvernement du Québec. Pour entreprendre sa démarche, le Créneau Accord Bio-industries environnementales doit connaître le contexte, les besoins, les limites et les pratiques de partenariat des entreprises qui œuvrent dans le secteur. L’étude a donc récolté des informations auprès d’un échantillon représentatif du secteur, soit vingt deux (22) entreprises provenant de villes dans la région de l’Estrie. Un questionnaire à choix de réponse et à court développement ainsi que des entrevues ont permis d’obtenir des informations essentielles, notamment sur les activités des entreprises, sur l’exploitation de leurs technologies ou de leurs services, sur leur représentation dans le secteur, sur leurs besoins et limites en lien avec le développement technologique, sur leur situation financière et sur leurs expériences de partenariat. L’analyse des réponses obtenues auprès de l’échantillon a révélé que les principales limites de développement pour la majorité des entreprises sont liées au financement et à la recherche et développement. Quant aux besoins des entreprises, l’étude a identifié : l’accès au financement, l’accès au réseautage, le partage de connaissance et l’apport technologique. Concernant les pratiques de partenariat, l’étude a révélé que presque toutes les entreprises sont en faveur du travail collaboratif; toutefois, moins de la moitié bénéficient d’ententes de partenariat à l’heure actuelle. Les avantages du travail collaboratif qui sont ressortis auprès de la majorité des entreprises sont le partage de connaissances, l’accès à de l’expertise qualifiée et l’apport technologique. Finalement, plus de la moitié des entreprises ont affirmé que la création d’un réseau d’entreprises par le Créneau Accord Bio-industries environnementales représente un avantage pour les possibilités de collaboration et d’accès au financement. En regard de l’analyse des résultats, dix (10) recommandations ont été formulées pour aider le CréneauAccord Bio-industries environnementales à implanter sa démarche selon le contexte, les besoins, les limites et l’ouverture des entreprises au partenariat. Les recommandations proposent par exemple à l’organisation d’affirmer son rôle en tant que ressource provinciale, de favoriser le maillage inter créneau de développement à l’échelle provinciale ou encore de favoriser son référencement. En intégrant ces recommandations, le Créneau Accord Bio-industries environnementales sera en mesure d’implanter sa démarche et de consolider davantage le développement du secteur.

Impact de la réduction des tarifs douaniers canadiens dans le cadre de l'Accord de libre-échange entre le Canada et les États-Unis sur l'emploi dans les industries manufacturières de haute et basse technologie.

Rapport de recherche

Biorefineries – creating economic opportunities from biofuels and bio-products

Biorefineries, producing fuels, green chemicals and bio-products, offer great potential for improving the profitability and sustainability of tropical agricultural industries. Biomass from tropical crops like sugarcane, sweet sorghum, palm and cassava offer great potential because of the high biomass growth potential under favourable climatic conditions. Biorefineries aim to convert waste residues through biochemical and enzymatic processes to low cost fermentable sugars which are a platform for value-adding. Through subsequent fermentation utilising microbial biotechnologies or chemical synthesis, the sugars can be converted to fuels including ethanol and butanol, oils, organic acids such as lactic and levulinic acid and polymer precursors. Other biorefinery products can include food and animal feeds, plastics, fibre products and resins. Pretreatment technologies are a key to unlocking this potential and new technologies are emerging. This paper will address the opportunities available for tropical biorefineries to contribute to the future profitability of tropical agricultural industries. The importance of pretreatment technologies will be discussed.

The economic value of new tropical biorefinery industries in Australia

Biorefineries, co-producing fuels, green chemicals and bio-products, offer great potential for enhancing agricultural value, and developing new industries in the bioeconomy. Biomass biorefineries aim to convert agricultural crops and wastes through biochemical and enzymatic processes to low cost fermentable sugars and other products which are platforms for value-adding. Through subsequent fermentation or chemical synthesis, the bio-based platforms can be converted to fuels including ethanol and butanol, oils, organic acids such as lactic and levulinic acid and polymer precursors. Other biorefinery products can include food and animal feeds, plastics, fibre products and resins. In 2014, QUT commissioned a study from Deloitte Access Economics and Correlli Consulting to assess the potential future economic value of tropical biorefineries to Queensland. This paper will report on the outcomes of this study and address the opportunities available for tropical biorefineries to contribute to the future profitability and sustainability of tropical agricultural industries in Queensland and more broadly across northern Australia.

Commercial products from bio-active extractives in cypress milling residues.

Extractive components obtained from milling residues of white cypress were studied for chemical identity and bioactivity with a view to developing a commercial use for these components, thus increasing the value of the residues and improving the economics of cypress sawn wood production. Extracts obtained by solvent or steam extraction techniques from cypress sawdust were each fractionated by a range of techniques into groups of similar compounds. Crude extracts and fractions were screened against a range of agricultural pests and diseases, including two fungi, subterranean termites, fruit spotting bugs, two-spotted mites, thrips, heliothis, banana scab moths, silverleaf whiteflies, cattle tick adults and larvae, and ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. Additional screening was undertaken where encouraging results were achieved, for two-spotted mites, thrips, silverleaf whiteflies, cattle tick adults and ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. After considering degrees of efficacy against, and economic importance of, the agricultural pests, and likely production costs of extracts and fractions, the crude extract (oil) produced by steam distillation was chosen for further study against silverleaf whitefly. A useful degree of control was achievable when this oil was applied to tomato or eggplant at 0.1%, with much less harmful effects on a beneficial insect. Activity of the oil against silverleaf whitefly was undiminished 3.5 years after it was generated. There was little benefit from supplementing the extract with co-formulated paraffinic oil. From the steam distilled oil, fifty-five compounds were characterised, thirty-five compounds representing 92.478 % of the oil, with guaiol (20.8%) and citronellic acid (15.9%) most abundant. These two compounds, and a group of oxygenated compounds containing bulnesol and a range of eudesmols, were found to account for most of the activity against silverleaf whitefly. This application was recommended for first progression to commercialisation.

Estudo para minimização do processo de fumigação empregado na limpeza e desinfecção de salas limpas em Bio-Manguinhos/ FIOCRUZ

As indústrias farmacêuticas que utilizam salas limpas, em seus processos produtivos, devem controlar ao máximo o nível de contaminantes microbiológicos, baseada na legislação RDC 210 que determina o cumprimento das diretrizes estabelecidas no Regulamento Técnico das Boas Práticas para a Fabricação de Medicamentos. Diante deste cenário, a proposta deste trabalho é avaliar o processo de fumigação com o reagente formaldeído, para a limpeza e desinfecção de salas limpas do Instituto de Tecnologia de Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Então, foram desenvolvidas as seguintes etapas: diagnóstico com as indústrias farmacêuticas para traçar um perfil quanto ao uso da fumigação; quantificação de resíduos gerados; avaliação da exposição dos operadores ao formaldeído que é cancerígeno e acompanhamento dos resultados do monitoramento ambiental do ar e de superfícies, inicialmente na sala limpa do SEFBC, cuja atividade principal é a formulação de vacinas bacterianas e biofármacos, após a implantação do espaçamento da fumigação. Os resultados discutidos na presente dissertação mostraram, que a maior parte das indústrias farmacêuticas, não realiza a desinfecção por intermédio da fumigação e que o resíduo gerado neste processo é o mais crítico. E, sobretudo, o monitoramento microbiológico do ar e de superfícies da sala limpa do SEFBC, a partir da metodologia adotada de espaçamento da fumigação, comprovou que não é necessário o emprego deste processo de forma rotineira, para garantir os níveis exigidos de limpeza e desinfecção da respectiva área

Investigation on the ecological impact of constructing and activities of petrochemical industries of petrochemical special economic zone of Mahshahr on the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic fauna in Jafari Creek, north-west of the Persian Gulf

The impact of Petrochemical Special Economic Zone (PETZONE) activities on the health status of Jafari Creek was studied by assessing the changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages in nine sites during September 2006- January 2008. Furthermore to evaluate the ecological status of the Jafari Creek the WFD indices (i.e. AMBI, M-AMBI) were used. The relationship between spatial pattern of macro invertebrate assemblages and ambient factors (i.e. water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total nitrogen, ammonia, total phosphorous, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, sediment grain size distribution, sediment organic content, heavy metals contents) was measured. Background Enrichment indices, Contamination factor and Contamination degree, were used to assess the health status in the study area based on Nickel, Lead, Cadmium and Mercury contents of the sediments. The macrobenthic communities had a low diversity and were dominated by opportunistic taxa, and the AMBI and M-AMBI indices need to be calibrated before using in Persian Gulf and its coastal waters. The BIO-ENV analysis identified pH, dissolved oxygen, TDS, and the total organic content of sediments as the major environmental variables influencing the infaunal pattern. This suggests that management should attempt to ensure minimal disturbance to environmental variables underlying the spatial variation in macroinvertebrate assemblages. Background Enrichment indices showed that the health of Jafari Creek has declined over time due to the constant discharge of heavy metals to the Creek system. Furthermore WQS index shows that the quality condition of the water column in Jafari Creek, regard to the calculated number (3) is week. These indices also identified a significant degree of pollution in the study area. The decrease in the ecological potential of Jafari Creek was best highlighted by the alteration in macrobenthic assemblages.

Combining bio- and chemo-catalysis: from enzymes to cells, from petroleum to biomass

In the future, biomass will continue to emerge as a viable source of chemicals. The development of new industries that utilize bio-renewables provides opportunities for innovation. For example, bio- and chemo-catalysts can be combined in 'one pot' to prepare chemicals of commercial value. This has been demonstrated using isolated enzymes and whole cells for a variety of chemical transformations. The one-pot approach has been successfully adopted to convert chemicals derived from biomass, and, in our opinion, it has an important role to play in the design of a more sustainable chemical industry. To implement new one-pot bio- and chemo-catalytic processes, issues of incompatibility must be overcome; the strategies for which are discussed in this opinion article.

Tackling regional climate change by leaf albedo bio-geoengineering

The likelihood that continuing greenhouse-gas emissions will lead to an unmanageable degree of climate change [1] has stimulated the search for planetary-scale technological solutions for reducing global warming [2] (“geoengineering”), typically characterized by the necessity for costly new infrastructures and industries [3]. We suggest that the existing global infrastructure associated with arable agriculture can help, given that crop plants exert an important influence over the climatic energy budget 4 and 5 because of differences in their albedo (solar reflectivity) compared to soils and to natural vegetation [6]. Specifically, we propose a “bio-geoengineering” approach to mitigate surface warming, in which crop varieties having specific leaf glossiness and/or canopy morphological traits are specifically chosen to maximize solar reflectivity. We quantify this by modifying the canopy albedo of vegetation in prescribed cropland areas in a global-climate model, and thereby estimate the near-term potential for bio-geoengineering to be a summertime cooling of more than 1°C throughout much of central North America and midlatitude Eurasia, equivalent to seasonally offsetting approximately one-fifth of regional warming due to doubling of atmospheric CO2[7]. Ultimately, genetic modification of plant leaf waxes or canopy structure could achieve greater temperature reductions, although better characterization of existing intraspecies variability is needed first.

Biomass-to-bio-products application of feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus clavatus

The structural polysaccharides contained in plant cell walls have been pointed to as a promising renewable alternative to petroleum and natural gas. Ferulic acid is a ubiquitous component of plant polysaccharides, which is found in either monomeric or dimeric forms and is covalently linked to arabinosyl residues. Ferulic acid has several commercial applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The study herein introduces a novel feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus clavatus (AcFAE). Along with a comprehensive functional and biophysical characterization, the low-resolution structure of this enzyme was also determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. In addition, we described the production of phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity from wheat arabinoxylan and sugarcane bagasse using AcFAE. The ability to specifically cleave ester linkages in hemicellulose is useful in several biotechnological applications, including improved accessibility to lignocellulosic enzymes for biofuel production. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Preparazione di una resina epossidica bio-based e studio delle relative proprietà

Epoxy resins are very diffused materials due to their high added value deriving from high mechanical proprieties and thermal resistance; for this reason they are widely used both as metallic coatings in aerospace and in food packaging. However, their preparation uses dangerous reagents like bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin respectively classified as suspected of causing damage to fertility and to be carcinogen. Therefore, to satisfy the ever-growing attention to environmental problems and human safeness, we are considering alternative “green” processes through the use of reagents obtained as by-products from other processes and mild experimental conditions, and also economically sustainable and attractive for industries. Following previous results, we carried out the reaction leading to the formation of diphenolic acid (DPA), its allylation and the following epoxidation of the double bonds, all in aqueous solvent. In a second step the obtained product were cross-linked at high temperature with and without the use of hardeners. Then, on the obtained resin, some tests were performed like release in aqueous solution, scratch test and DSC analysis.

New weapons to fight old enemies: novel strategies for the (bio)control of bacterial biofilms in the food industry

Biofilms are microbial communities characterized by their adhesion to solid surfaces and the production of a matrix of exopolymeric substances, consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, DNA and lipids, which surround the microorganisms lending structural integrity and a unique biochemical profile to the biofilm. Biofilm formation enhances the ability of the producer/s to persist in a given environment. Pathogenic and spoilage bacterial species capable of forming biofilms are a significant problem for the healthcare and food industries, as their biofilm-forming ability protects them from common cleaning processes and allows them to remain in the environment post-sanitation. In the food industry, persistent bacteria colonize the inside of mixing tanks, vats and tubing, compromising food safety and quality. Strategies to overcome bacterial persistence through inhibition of biofilm formation or removal of mature biofilms are therefore necessary. Current biofilm control strategies employed in the food industry (cleaning and disinfection, material selection and surface preconditioning, plasma treatment, ultrasonication, etc.), although effective to a certain point, fall short of biofilm control. Efforts have been explored, mainly with a view to their application in pharmaceutical and healthcare settings, which focus on targeting molecular determinants regulating biofilm formation. Their application to the food industry would greatly aid efforts to eradicate undesirable bacteria from food processing environments and, ultimately, from food products. These approaches, in contrast to bactericidal approaches, exert less selective pressure which in turn would reduce the likelihood of resistance development. A particularly interesting strategy targets quorum sensing systems, which regulate gene expression in response to fluctuations in cell-population density governing essential cellular processes including biofilm formation. This review article discusses the problems associated with bacterial biofilms in the food industry and summarizes the recent strategies explored to inhibit biofilm formation, with special focus on those targeting quorum sensing.