The surface accessibility of the glycine receptor M2-M3 loop is increased in the channel open state

Mutations in the extracellular M2-M3 loop of the glycine receptor (GlyR) alpha1 subunit have been shown previously to affect channel gating. In this study, the substituted cysteine accessibility method was used to investigate whether a structural rearrangement of the M2-M3 loop accompanies GlyR activation. All residues from R271C to V277C were covalently modified by both positively charged methanethiosulfonate ethyltrimethylammonium (MTSET) and negatively charged methanethiosulfonate ethylsulfonate (MTSES), implying that these residues form an irregular surface loop. The MTSET modification rate of all residues from R271C to K276C was faster in the glycine-bound state than in the unliganded state. MTSES modification of A272C, L274C, and V277C was also faster in the glycine-bound state. These results demonstrate that the surface accessibility of the M2-M3 loop is increased as the channel transitions from the closed to the open state, implying that either the loop itself or an overlying domain moves during channel activation.

Notas sobre os gêneros Paloue Aublet e Paloveopsis Cowan (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) no Brasil

RESUMOOs gêneros Paloue e Paloueopsis são representados na Amazônia brasileira respectivamente por Paloue brasiliensis Duche, Paloue guianensisAubl. Paloue induta Sandw. subsp. glabra W. Rodr. & Lima (nova subespécie), Paloue riparia Pulle e Paloueopsis emarginataCowan. Eles são aqui sinopticamente apresentados com uma chave para a identificação das respectivas espécies e complementados com comentários sobre o habitat e a distribuição geográfica de cada táxon.

Paired activation of two components within muscarinic M3 receptor dimers is required for recruitment of beta-arrestin-1 to the plasma membrane.

beta-Arrestins regulate the functioning of G protein-coupled receptors in a variety of cellular processes including receptor-mediated endocytosis and activation of signaling molecules such as ERK. A key event in these processes is the G protein-coupled receptor-mediated recruitment of beta-arrestins to the plasma membrane. However, despite extensive knowledge in this field, it is still disputable whether activation of signaling pathways via beta-arrestin recruitment entails paired activation of receptor dimers. To address this question, we investigated the ability of different muscarinic receptor dimers to recruit beta-arrestin-1 using both co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence microscopy in COS-7 cells. Experimentally, we first made use of a mutated muscarinic M(3) receptor, which is deleted in most of the third intracellular loop (M(3)-short). Although still capable of activating phospholipase C, this receptor loses almost completely the ability to recruit beta-arrestin-1 following carbachol stimulation in COS-7 cells. Subsequently, M(3)-short was co-expressed with the M(3) receptor. Under these conditions, the M(3)/M(3)-short heterodimer could not recruit beta-arrestin-1 to the plasma membrane, even though the control M(3)/M(3) homodimer could. We next tested the ability of chimeric adrenergic muscarinic alpha(2)/M(3) and M(3)/alpha(2) heterodimeric receptors to co-immunoprecipitate with beta-arrestin-1 following stimulation with adrenergic and muscarinic agonists. beta-Arrestin-1 co-immunoprecipitation could be induced only when carbachol or clonidine were given together and not when the two agonists were supplied separately. Finally, we tested the reciprocal influence that each receptor may exert on the M(2)/M(3) heterodimer to recruit beta-arrestin-1. Remarkably, we observed that M(2)/M(3) heterodimers recruit significantly greater amounts of beta-arrestin-1 than their respective M(3)/M(3) or M(2)/M(2) homodimers. Altogether, these findings provide strong evidence in favor of the view that binding of beta-arrestin-1 to muscarinic M(3) receptors requires paired stimulation of two receptor components within the same receptor dimer.

Proyecto de instalación de depuradora para el tratamiento de 1200 m3/día de aguas residuales procedentes de industria de matadero de aves y sala de despiece anexa situados en el T.M. de Bellvís (Pla d’Urgell)

Se considera existente una Unidad Industrial Agraria de Matadero y Sala de Despiece Anexa que consecuencia de los incrementos de matanza y despiece precisa una nueva instalación de depuración de sus aguas residuales, dado que las actuales han quedado obsoletas y no permiten alcanzar los límites de vertido que impone la legislación vigente. Se redacta el presente proyecto en base a la solicitud de la licencia de obras del Proyecto de Instalación de Estación Depuradora de Aguas Residuales (EDAR) con capacidad de tratamiento de 1200 m3/día, que posteriormente se justifica. Dicho proyecto se contempla como un cambio no sustancial dado que se plantea como la sustitución de los equipos actuales de depuración por nuevos equipos que permitan adecuarse a las nuevas condiciones de vertido, mucho más estrictas que las autorizadas actualmente, sin que ello provoque ninguna modificación significativa en los aspectos ambientales y de definición de la actividad principal (matadero y Sala despiece) ya perfectamente legalizada desde el año 1990. Es fundamental indicar que se actúa sobre los equipos de depuración de aguas y tratamiento de fangos, siendo por tanto una sustitución sumamente positiva y que no implica un incremento en los residuos generados sino todo lo contrario. Por parte de Avícola del Pla. se proyecta la nueva EDAR en terrenos de su propiedad que dispone en las parcelas núm. 40 y 41 del polígono 08 de Bellvís.

Capitaine Taylor du [sous-marin britannique] M3 : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58610

L'équipage du submersible anglais M3 : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58611

Le submersible anglais M3 armé d'un canon de 12 pouces : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58620

Le submersible anglais M3 armé d'un canon de [12 pouces] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58621

Le submersible anglais M3 armé d'un canon de 12 pouces : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58622

Le submersible anglais M3 armé d'un canon de 12 pouces : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58623

Registration of a Birth - Edith Louise Cowan

A birth registration for Edith Louise Cowan. The birth is dated as August 24, 1885, and the date of issue for the certificate is November 8, 1927. Place of birth, Thorold. County of Welland.

Certificate of Acceptance and Initiation to Canadian Order Chosen Friends - Thomas Cowan

A certificate of initiation and acceptance to the Canadian Order Chosen Friends, Thomas Cowan. The certificate reads "This certifies that evidence has been received that Thomas Cowan has been accepted and initiated by the Council name below, and has thus become a member of the Canadian Order of Chosen Friends, and entitled to all the rights and privileges of membership and a benefit of not exceeding one thousand dollars from the relief fund of said order, which shall in case of death be paid to Annie Cowan his wife in the manner and subject to the conditions set forth in the laws governing said relief fund and in the application for membership. This certificate to be in force and binding when accepted in writing by the said member, with the acceptance attested by the Councilor and Recorder and the seal of the Subordinate Council affixed, so long as said member shall comply with the requirements of the Constitution, Laws and Regulations now in force or hereafter adopted for the government of the Order: otherwise, and also in the case of granting of a new certificate, to be null and void. In witness whereof, we have hereunto attached our signatures, and affixed the seal of the Grand Council of the Canadian Order of Chosen Friends. Dated the Twenty Seventh day of July, A.D. 1891." The front and back of the certificate are available for viewing.

Marriage Certificate - Thomas Cowan & Annie Easling, 1884

A marriage certificate for Thomas Cowan of Thorold and Annie Easling of St. Catharines. The certificate is dated October 8, 1884 and is witnessed by W. Ross and Jennie McElroy.

Letter - Dominion Alliance to Mr. Harry Cowan

A letter from the president of the Dominion Alliance for the Suppression of the Liquor Traffic, Joseph Gibson. The letter is dated November 18th, 1910 and requests "subscription". The request is to add to the campaign fund and the "new fight...voting upon the question of bar-room abolition". The voting is stated to take place in "January next" for about one hundred municipalities in Ontario.

Photograph - Mary Jane (Dolly) Cowan

A photograph of Mary Jane (Dolly) Cowan, date unknown. She is the correspondent for many letters in the collection. James Ware writes several letters and postcards to "Dolly" during his time in the military (World War I).