Corpo e aprendizagem em Boris Cyrulnik e em Merleau-Ponty

This research seeks to identify views of the body and learning the authors Boris Cyrulnik and Merleau - Ponty, thus tracing reflective for the educational field in several areas, with emphasis on physical education paths . We notice that the above authors present a wide collection of books, needing to develop this theoretical construct a limitation in their works. Therefore , on the theme of the body , were used mainly books The Sixth Sense , Boris Cyrulnik and Phenomenology of Perception , Merleau- Ponty , as both present in their organizational context a specific chapter on this subject . The phenomenological approach is included as path to be taken to devise this study because it is based on daily reflections that the human being perceives through his experiences with his peers and mainstream culture. The phenomenological reduction was carried out from the readings and interpretations of texts, writers and commentators, as well as approaching with life aspects of experience as a police officer and professor of ethics. The interpretation points to the understanding of body and learning that can be propagated within the Physical Education and as a way to understand and learn the constructs lived through sensitivity. The design of the body, feelings and affections of Boris Cyrulnik firm the empathetic bonds between human beings, bringing confidence to explore the world, learning through the new link with the other. This notion is close to the notion of expressive body Merleau Ponty, who holds intentions in their gestures (movements), entwining in time and space. Boris Cyrulnik and Merleau-Ponty expressed as the human being is enigmatic, lying embedded in a social and cultural world, so the experiences to traçarem existential trajetória and learning need in order to enaltercer freedom of expression as a mechanism that can be deployed in the appropriation of concepts and the criticality of the subject facing widespread theories (biological, social, anthropological , etc.) . From the reflections of the research is that recomneda Physical Education , as epistemological working area apprenticeships stemmed body movements should enable reflection on their practice, other do be done, but enabling the creation of different senses and meanings each body attitude

Correr, saltar, lançar, dialogar :uma reflexão sobre corpo e aprendizagem nas aulas de educação física

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Pastoril: uma educação celebrada no corpo e no riso

By means of the Pastoral one an Education celebrated in the body and the laugh, visible is unmasked by means of cançonetas and of the licentious gesticulations of the jokers of this idleness. For such, we support ourselves in the phenomenological of Merleau-Ponty, the tradition and transmission of the verbal as it is conceived by Paul Zumthor, as well as in the phenomenology of the memory of the jokers and in the studies of cultural history and the philosophy of the body. The objective research to argue the body and the laugh as learning of the culture, as well as carrying through the production of a cartography of the potiguar pastoral ones, in the direction to argue the elements of the licentious gesticulations for the look and of cançonetas for hearing. The research is of phenomenological nature and when appealing the Phenomenology as an attitude, recognizes our look on the phenomenon, what if we show for while searching citizens and we assume the reduction and the lived world as methodological boarding to think the searched phenomenon. As he was evidenced in this study, one searched to dimensional the reach of a reflection centered in the body and the laugh through the listening of cançonetas of the Pastoral one and the vision through the licentious gestures; a reflection centered in the body of the joker of Pastoral

Corpo e poesia: para uma educação dos sentidos

In this research, we reflect on Body and Poetry: for an Education of the senses. This piece of work has as its objective the comprehension of the body and poetry s interlacement, for an education of the senses, starting from the experience of the Being in the world. With this purpose, we search to understand the poetic creation as the corporal transubstantiation by means of the senses, which is realized in the creative expression and manifests itself in the body language, opening ways to an education felt in the aesthetic experience. In order to comprehend the process of poetic creation, we rely on the phenomenological method of the lived world from Merleau-Ponty, philosophy, always opening forests of questionings and sprouting new doubts in search of other comprehensions about Poetry, Body and Education. These three phenomena were investigated by means of a reflection on my own life trajectory as a poet and Physical Education professor; identification and analysis of poets/reciters; sensitive experiences experience lived in Oficinas de Poesias (Poetry Workshops), held in seven public governmental schools of the State of Rio Grande do Norte and through a permanent dialogue with the works of Merleau-Ponty, Severino Antonio, Paul Zumthor, Petrucia Nóbrega, among other authors. Phenomenology and the sources investigated have permitted us to conclude that poetic creation is not a product of a divine inspiration, of a spirit come from over yonder, nor a hereditary gift, but poetry is created from a dialogue between the poet and the organic and cultural world, revealing at each experience undergone a new world of senses and meanings. It was possible to comprehend the poetic language as a synesthetic and performable manifestation, which ontologically reveals itself and hides itself at each experience, bringing new expressive clarities of the Being in the world. This piece of research has revealed us that poetry as a sensitive experience of the poetic state makes it possible a construction of a sensitive, glad and ludic knowledge for an education of the senses

Conhecimentos sobre o corpo: uma possibilidade de intervenção pedagógica nas aulas de educação física no ensino médio

The following study aims at the main conceptions around the body and the learning through physical education classes at school. Therefore, this research mainly presents a proposal of pedagogical intervention on physical education for Ensino Médio, centered on the knowledge about the body as well as how to evaluate the impacts of such interventions on the students‟ learning process. In order to surround our field of investigation, this work elaborates the following study questions: a) What have students learned about the body in physical education classes in Ensino Médio at IFRN? b) What methodological possibilities can contribute on the experience of meaningful learning processes in physical education in Ensino Médio related to the knowledge of body aspects? Regarding to the methodology used, this ethnographic research used several instruments for data collecting like dairies, diagnostic activities, self-assessment evaluations, portfolio, filming, photographs and posts on the social network facebook. The materialization of the pedagogical intervention and all of its implications allow us to consider that the physical education classes in Ensino Médio at IFRN, campus Parnamirim have supported meaningful experiences of learning. Also they motivate relevant discussions applicable to the students‟ everyday lives once they are supported by discussions related to the influence of media about the body of teenagers, the irregular use of steroids, massaging as a possibility of body relaxation. Also, we point out that the students had the chance to experience body activities which crossed the limits of physical education classes‟ hegemony at school, such as indoor soccer, dodgeball, volleyball, basketball and handball. Thus, the students could experience body activities beyond the limits of most common sports, which started several discussions about the juvenile universe and culture. Beside the professional and personal importance of this work, we list the scientific relevance for the production of knowledge on the educational field once the number of Works about the knowledge of the body are still only a few. This study is mainly about alternative body practices. Therefore, we consider that the knowledge about the body can and must be studied not only through alternative practices, but also in different approaches which can be attributed to body running phenomenon. Finally, we believe that the discussions hereby motivated about the matter are far from being enough, so we deliver our intention in deepening this study on forthcoming researches about the knowledge of the body in the field of physical education in Ensino Médio

O Corpo do grupo corpo: os movimentos das obras Benguelê, Lecuona e Onqotô

In this research, we invite to reflection by a phenomenological gaze on the body, through the description of some works of contemporary Brazilian dance company Grupo Corpo. This Company was chosen intentionally to give us elements in their creations to interrogate the understanding of the body and sensitive. Thus, as we launch issues in this dissertation: that body dance in Grupo Corpo? And as we can see, a phenomenological approach, an understanding of the body and sensitive works in that company? Building on this, the works are to be questioned Benguelê (1998/2003), Lecuona (2004) and Onqotô (2005). It is intended, through these works, coreological approaching the discourse of philosophical discourse and give movement to phenomenological thought of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, in special the sensitive, flesh of the body, the investment in the sensory world as a merger, calling the know body and its power to take chances, to incorporate the world, language, culture, create and choose. Thus, these openings is where thought enters this research. This consistency, we used the phenomenological attitude of Maurice Merleau-Ponty as a methodological approach, since in their study the philosopher takes a look expressive on the body, forming a sensitive language that is expressed in the movements, which deepens the arguments of the Phenomenology a new arrangement for knowledge as a result of our experience in the lived world. The reflections presented here aim to take us to the amazement, the unthinking, whom many still impose epistemological challenges, including understanding the body of knowledge and sensitive

O desenvolvimento da noção de transmissão mediata do movimento na criança: uma pesquisa de epistemologia genética

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

O processo de aprendizagem em práticas de ensino por investigação: interpretações a partir da abordagem fenomenológica e semiótica social

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

O problema mente-corpo na psicologia fenomenológica de Edith Stein : implicações para uma fundamentação da ciência psicológica

Psychology is a relatively new scientific branch and still lacks consistent methodological foundation to support its investigations. Given its immaturity, this science finds difficulties to delimit its ontological status, which spawnes several epistemological and methodological misconceptions. Given this, Psychology failed to demarcate precisely its object of study, leading, thus, the emergence of numerous conceptions about the psychic, which resulted in the fragmentation of this science. In its constitution, psychological science inherited a complex philosophical problem: the mind-body issue. Therefore, to define their status, Psychology must still face this problem, seeking to elucidate what is the mind, the body and how they relate. In light of the importance of this issue to a strict demarcation of psychological object, it was sought in this research, to investigate the mind-body problem in the Phenomenological Psychology of Edith Stein (1891-1942), phenomenologist philosopher who undertook efforts for a foundation of Psychology. For that, the discussion was subsidized from the contributions of the Philosophy of Mind and the support of the phenomenological method to the mind-body problem. From there, by a qualitative bibliographical methodology, it sought to examine the problem of research through the analysis of some philosophical-psychological philosopher's works, named: "Psychic Causality” (Kausalität Psychische, 1922) and “Introduction to Philosophy" (Einführung in die Philosophie, 1920). For this investigation, it was made, without prejudice to the discussion, a terminological equivalence between the terms mind and psyche, as the philosopher used the latter to refer to the object of Psychology. It sought to examine, therefore, how Stein conceived the psyche, the body and the relationship between them. Although it wasn't the focus of the investigation, it also took into account the spiritual dimension, as the philosopher conceived the human person as consisting of three dimensions: body, psyche and spirit. Given this, Stein highlighted the causal mechanism of the psyche, which is based on the variations of the vital force that emerges from the vital sphere. In relation to the corporeal dimension, the philosopher, following the analysis of Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), highlighted the dual aspect of the body, because it is at the same time something material (Körper) and also a linving body (Leib). On the face of it, it is understood that the psyche and the body are closely connected, so that it constitutes a dual-unit which is manifested in the Leib. This understanding of the problem psyche-mind/body provides a rich analysis of this issue, enabling the overcoming of some inconsistencies of the monistic and dualistic positions. Given this, it allows a strict elucidation of the Psychology object, contributing to the foundation of this science.

Um estudo crítico das psicoterapias fenomenológico - existenciais: terapia centrada na pessoa e gestalt-terapia

Este estudo consiste em uma pesquisa teórica que objetiva desenvolver reflexões críticas sobre as bases epistemológicas da terapia centrada na pessoa e da gestaltterapia, configuradas nas matrizes conceituais elaboradas por Carl Rogers e por Frederick Perls. Analisa algumas reconfigurações teóricas dessas psicoterapias propostas por autores brasileiros a partir da articulação com determinados conceitos da fenomenologia de Martin Heidegger. As teorias psicoterápicas, de um modo geral, ainda mantêm uma concepção de sujeito abstrato e descontextualizado historicamente. O mundo hoje nos coloca diante de grandes desafios, em que são necessárias novas formas de compreensão da existência humana e um fazer clínico que dê suporte aos sofrimentos do homem contemporâneo. O percurso metodológico utilizado no estudo constou de: 1. Seleção de textos clássicos para compor as matrizes epistemológicas das psicoterapias centrada na pessoa e gestáltica; 2. Triagem de material produzido por autores que apresentam análise crítica referente ao tema; 3. Sistematização de categorias conceituais da matriz das respectivas psicoterapias; 4. Análise e discussão de alguns temas presentes em publicações nacionais que indicam pontos de re-configurações das matrizes. Dentre os indicativos apontados pelos autores investigados, foi possível destacar: a necessidade de incluir na teoria centrada na pessoa, o estranho, à falta, como condição de possibilidade da existência; superação do conceito de essência, na teoria gestáltica; ressonâncias da concepção heideggeriana de angústia para a prática clínica, já que esta não é concebida enquanto um sintoma psicopatológico a ser extinto ou um distúrbio funcional; assim como dos conceitos de abertura e cuidado, que possibilita pensar a função terapêutica como a de ajudar o cliente a interpretar-se a si mesmo, devolvendo-o ao seu próprio cuidado de maneira mais livre e responsável. Concluímos que, apesar da necessidade de mais estudos a respeito do tema, já há na atualidade um movimento por parte de alguns psicólogos em lançar um olhar contemporâneo sobre a terapia centrada na pessoa e gestáltica, afastando-se de uma concepção essencialista de sujeito e de uma subjetividade enclausurada.

Percepção e impercepção: a experiência sensível na tradição fenomenológica

In this paper, we circumscribe a domain of theoretical research on the combination dynamics between the dimensions of presence and absence, visibility and invisibility, which emerges in the phenomenology of perception as an essential trait which marks both our experience of the perceived world and our subjective and intersubjective experience. We prioritize a theoretical axis that integrates Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s thinking into Renaud Barbaras’ recent contributions. To this philosophical framework, we link contributions especially of psychology, outlining the circular movement observed between the phenomenology of perception and phenomenological psychology, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, cognitive sciences and neurosciences.

Corpo, movimento e aprendizagem na psicocinética de Jean Le Boulch

School teachers in the discipline of Physical Education, we find ourselves constantly in question of methodological and epistemological issues of practice. This research aims to identify human body understanding, movement and theoretical learning proposed by examining the work of Jean Le Boulch and his approach to Physical Education. We seek to indicate epistemological elements about Physical Education theory and practice, believing that this approach and dialog comes to contribute with this field of knowledge. Boulch, a French teacher of Physical Education, Medicine and Psychology, had an important influence in Brazilian Physical Education during the 1970s and 1980s. His main contribution was teaching courses and knowledge about psychomotricity. Boulch’s studies helped to build knowledge of human movement; considering his importance in people’s development and a critic to a mechanistic view of body and movement. Our reflections will be based on the concepts brought from psychokinetics presented in the bibliographic references of Le Boulch in Brazil, and other references developed by him in this country including conferences, lectures and interviews. This reflection includes the debaters of his work. We chose a theoretical approach referring to the Phenomenology of philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1999) as a methodological reference considering the influence of his thought in Le Boulch studies. This thesis examines the learning and practice of teaching the Physical Education field of knowledge. We conclude that the body being an entity that exists for itself in the world and that contact with the world starts from human movement. Ultimately, new trains of thought for the teaching of physical education can be set from the reflection of phenomenological concepts brought by Le Boulch in his theory.

Arte no ensino fundamental : corpo (reidade), currículo fragmentado, polivalência e equipe multiartística

O artigo aborda questões sobre corpo(reidade), currículo (fragmentado), polivalência e equipes multiartísticas, que se articulam por meio de projetos de trabalho, no ensino da Arte no Ensino Fundamental brasileiro (5º. – 9º. anos). Entende-se a Arte-Educação como área de saber empírico-conceitual ou epistemologia da arte (Barbosa, 1998) e a possibilidade de uma Educação Estética (EE) que (trans)forme a singularidade humana e nossas relações sociais mais amplas articuladas à visada transdisciplinar nos processos de aprendizagem e promova o encontro das linguagens artísticas, mídias e referenciais epistemoestéticos (Duarte Jr., 2004). Nesse caso, a corpo(reidade), mais que um conceito, é percebida como o organismo vivo que supera polarizações e dualidades (Serres, 2004; Merleau-Ponty, 1996). Também, dados os problemas do currículo (fragmentado) e do exercício da polivalência, articula-se a ideia da atuação cultural com equipes multiartísticas através de projetos de trabalho (Hernández, 2007). Enfim, uma Educação Estética como possibilidade de ampliação cognitiva, afetiva, imaginativa, criativa e crítica.

A avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino de estruturas : epistemologia, tecnologia e educação a distância

O ensino e a aprendizagem a partir de ambientes informatizados e a educação a distância têm sido amplamente difundidos tanto em meios profissionais quanto acadêmicos. As suas aplicações em diferentes áreas de conhecimento nem sempre têm sido sensíveis às especificidades de cada área, representando muitas vezes uma mera digitalização dos conteúdos didáticos tradicionalmente trabalhados, sem que haja uma ressifignificação da prática pedagógica. A partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, este trabalho investiga como os recursos informáticos podem contribuir para uma melhoria nas relações pedagógicas, numa proposta de avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino de Engenharia Estrutural. Inserido nesse contexto, propõe-se o GPAREDE, um ambiente virtual de avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino de Engenharia Estrutural, concebido para uma proposta de educação a distância. O gerenciamento de informação, via formulários e transferência de arquivos, e o desenvolvimento de webfólios são recursos empregados para prover um ambiente propício à construção do conhecimento, no âmbito de uma avaliação integrada ao processo ensinoaprendizagem. A partir das perguntas norteadoras da pesquisa e da primeira investigação realizada, são definidas categorias de análise para as reflexões e as conclusões desta Tese. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o uso de ambientes virtuais para a avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino de Estruturas permite mediações pedagógicas construtivistas, contribuindo para a consolidação de um paradigma pedagógico para a educação a distância.

A alegria do corpo-espírito saudável : ritos de aprendizagem guarani

A dança Guarani é parte de um contexto ritualístico e mitológico desta cultura, que se refaz continuamente no cotidiano de sua educação. A compreensão da dança como conhecimento foi se dando na vivência etnográfica e fenomenológica, em cinco aldeias, quatro delas situadas no Rio Grande do Sul, nas seguintes localidades Lomba do Pinheiro, na aldeia Anhentenguá; Canta Galo na aldeia Jataity; Riozinho na aldeia Nhumporã; Camaquã na aldeia Iguaporã e numa aldeia de Santa Catarina, denominada de M´biguaçu. A dança como parte de um rito atualiza o pertencimento emocional e cultural, possibilitando a passagem da esperança em ação. Os princípios da dança Guarani estão situados dentro de uma educação xamânica, na qual corpo e espírito são fontes de aprendizado sensível, sensorial e reflexivo para um estar saudável. A alegria é uma condição cultivada no desvelar do conhecimento, que com o passar do tempo torna-se sabedoria – arandu - aprendizado que se revela ao longo da vida. A face cotidiana da educação das crianças expressa um tipo de aprendizagem vivencial na qual são valorizados o movimento vital e criativo, o contato corporal e a afetividade. Saúde, corporeidade, espiritualidade e sentimento são categorias entrelaçadas aos sentidos da dança na aprendizagem Guarani e revelam a produção cultural de um sistema de educação que tem a vida como um valor a ser cuidado. Denomino de ritos tanto os espaços da dança, quanto as relações entre mães e filhos. Estes ritos são fontes de aprendizados que revelam uma gestualidade emocionada dentro de uma corporeidade vivida e acontecem num equilíbrio e desequilíbrio dentro de uma dinâmica cultural que está em movimento, expressa principalmente nos conflitos dos jovens, nas saídas e nos retornos às suas aldeias e nos diversos sentimentos que possuem em relação à existência Guarani. A dança-rito é um espaço que muitos Guaranis buscam como um encontro com a força e a clareza para lidar com as ambigüidades presentes. Num pulsar entre a criação e a permanência da cultura, a dança é resistência e caminho de re-significação da identidade Guarani que acontece dentro de um campo de ação coletiva que abarca a ordem e desordem em sua própria mitologia.