The core-periphery model with three regions and more

We determine the properties of the core-periphery model with three regions and compare our results with those of the standard 2-region model. The conditions for the stability of dispersion and concentration are established. As in the 2-region model, dispersion and concentration can be simultaneously stable. We show that the 3-region (2-region) model favours the concentration (dispersion) of economic activity. Furthermore, we provide some results for the n-region model. We show that the stability of concentration of the 2-region model implies that of any model with an even number of regions.

The international division of industrial labour and the core-periphery concept

Includes bibliography

Multiplant strategy under core-periphery structure

A typical implicit assumption on monopolistic competition models for trade and economic geography is that firms can produce and sell only at one place. This paper fallows endogenous determination of the number of plants in a new economic geography model and examine the stable outcomes of organization choice between single-plant and multi-plant in two regions. We explicitly consider the firms' trade-off between larger economies of scale under single plant configuration and the saving in interregional transport costs under multi-plant configuration. We show that organization change arises under decreasing transportation costs and observe several organization configurations under a generalized cost function.

Current Account ‘Core-Periphery Dualism’ in the EMU. CEPS Working Document No. 406/March 2015

Current account dispersion within EU member states has been increasing since the 1990s. Interestingly, the persistent deficits in many peripheral countries have not been accompanied by a significant growth process that is able to stimulate a long-run rebalancing, as neoclassical theory predicts. To shed light on the issue this paper investigates the determinants of eurozone current account imbalances, focusing on the role played by financial integration. The analysis considers two samples of 22 OECD and 15 EU countries; three time horizons corresponding to various steps in European integration; different control variables; and several panel econometric methods. The results suggest that within the OECD and EU groups, financial integration helped to explain CA deterioration in the peripheral countries, especially in the post-EMU period. The business cycle seems to have played a growing role over time, whereas the role of competiveness seems to have diminished.

The Determinants of Exit in Argentina: Core and Peripheral Regions

This paper analyses the regional determinants of exit in Argentina. We find evidence of a dynamic revolving door by which past entrants increase current exits, particularly in the peripheral regions. In the central regions, current and past incumbents cause an analogous displacement effect. Also, exit shows a U-shaped relationship with respect to the informal economy, although the positive effect is weaker in the central regions. These findings point to the existence of a core-periphery structure in the spatial distribution of exits. Key words: firm exit, count data models, Argentina JEL: R12; R30; C33

Aglomeração econômica e disparidade salarial no Espírito Santo : teoria e evidência a partir de um enfoque da Nova Geografia Econômica

O trabalho buscou analisar questões de desigualdade regional no Espírito Santo através da linha de pesquisa denominada Nova Geografia Econômica (NGE). Uma forma de realizar essa análise é através do estudo da relação entre diferenciais de salário e mercado potencial. Mais precisamente, o trabalho procurou verificar o impacto de fatores geográficos de segunda natureza – mercado potencial – nos salário médios municipais. Inicialmente, por meio de uma Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais, verificou-se que os salários são maiores próximos às regiões com alto mercado potencial (litoral/RMGV). Por meio da utilização de técnicas de estatística e econometria espacial foi possível observar para os anos de 2000 e 2010 a existência de uma estrutura espacial de salários no Espírito Santo. O coeficiente de erro autorregressivo foi positivo e estatisticamente significativo, indicando o modelo SEM (spatial error model) como o mais apropriado para modelar os efeitos espaciais. Os resultados indicam ainda que não só fatores educacionais afetam os salários, fatores geográficos de segunda natureza possuem um efeito até maior quando comparados aos primeiros. Conclui-se, como demonstra o modelo central da NGE que, forças exclusivamente de mercado nem sempre levam ao equilíbrio equalizador dos rendimentos, pelo contrário, levam à conformação de uma estrutura do tipo centro-periferia com diferença persistente de rendimentos entre as regiões. Adicionalmente, verifica-se que os municípios que apresentam maior salário, maior mercado potencial e melhores indicadores sociais são àqueles localizados no litoral do estado, mais precisamente os municípios próximos à RMGV. Sendo assim, o trabalho reforça a necessidade de que se pense estratégias que fomentem a criação de novas centralidades no Espírito Santo, a fim de atuar na redução das desigualdades regionais. O trabalho se insere num grupo de vários outros estudos que analisaram questões de desigualdade e concentração produtiva no Espírito Santo. A contribuição está na utilização do referencial teórico da NGE, que ainda não havia sido empregada para o estado, e na utilização de técnicas de estatística espacial e econometria espacial.

Bridging environmental conflicts with social metabolism : forestry expansion and socioeconomic change

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências do Ambiente, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

From perfect strangers to research partners: a study of relationships, resource sharing and perceived benefits within R&D cooperation networks

Doctoral thesis in Marketing and Strategy.

Agglomeration and inequality across space: what can we learn from the European experience?

The purpose of this contribution is to draw a picture of the (uneven) distribution of economic activities across the states of the European Union (EU) and the consequences entailed by it. We will briefly summarize the most salient and recent contributions. Then, in the light of the economic geography theory, we will discuss the economic and social advantages and disadvantages associated with a core- periphery structure. In this sense, particular attention will be addressed to the EU financial system of Structural Funds and the effects they produced. Finally, we will formulate some suggestions, relying on the EU experience, that could be of interest to the current Brazilian regional policy.

Trade, migration and regional unemployment

We formulate a dynamic core-periphery model with frictions in the job matching process to study the interplay between trade costs, migration and regional unemploymentin the short- and long-run. We find that the spatial distribution of unemployment mirrors (inversely) the distribution of economic activities. Further, we highlight a contrast between the short-run and the long-run effects of trade-induced migration on regional unemployment. In particular, an inßow of immigrants from the periphery into the core reduces the unemployment gap in the short-run, but exacerbates unemployment disparities in the long-run.

Spatial Polarization of the Ecological Footprint distribution

The international allocation of natural resources is determined, not by any ethical or ecological criteria, but by the dominance of market mechanisms. From a core-periphery perspective, this allocation may even be driven by historically determined structural patterns, with a core group of countries whose consumption appropriates most available natural resources, and another group, having low natural resource consumption, which plays a peripheral role. This article consists of an empirical distributional analysis of natural resource consumption (as measured by Ecological Footprints) whose purpose is to assess the extent to which the distribution of consumption responds to polarization (as opposed to mere inequality). To assess this, we estimate and decompose different polarization indices for a balanced sample of 119 countries over the period 1961 to 2007. Our results points toward a polarized distribution which is consistent with a core-periphery framework.

Spatial polarization of the ecological footprint distribution

The international allocation of natural resources is determined, not by any ethical or ecological criteria, but by the dominance of market mechanisms. From a core-periphery perspective, this allocation may even be driven by historically determined structural patterns, with a core group of countries whose consumption appropriates most available natural resources, and another group, having low natural resource consumption, which plays a peripheral role. This article consists of an empirical distributional analysis of natural resource consumption (as measured by Ecological Footprints) whose purpose is to assess the extent to which the distribution of consumption responds to polarization (as opposed to mere inequality). To assess this, we estimate and decompose different polarization indices for a balanced sample of 119 countries over the period 1961 to 2007. Our results points toward a polarized distribution which is consistent with a core-periphery framework. Keywords: Polarization, Core-Periphery, Ecological Footprint