A matemática e a narrativa - reflexos de afinidades históricas e epistemológicas: uma conceptualização pedagógica da matemática

Esta tese A Matemática e a Narrativa – Reflexos de Afinidades Históricas e Epistemológicas: Uma Conceptualização Pedagógica da Matemática trata de questões problemáticas relativamente à transmissão de conceitos em matemática. Primeiramente, a matemática, uma construção humana tanto na sua concepção como na sua evolução, não se apresenta imediatamente acessível e utilizável pela generalidade dos seres humanos. A sua utilização encontra-se caracteristicamente restrita a quem domine o formalismo simbólico. Relativamente a outras áreas científicas, tem emergido o desejo de comunicar, de forma clara, o conteúdo ideário dos seus respectivos domínios do conhecimento aos não especialistas. Não obstante tais esforços de comunicação terem vindo a ser concretizados com sucesso em várias áreas, o mesmo tem-se verificado com maior raridade na matemática, dada a dificuldade intrínseca de fornecer expressões rigorosas e simultaneamente acessíveis dos supracitados formalismos simbólicos. Em segundo lugar, os problemas pedagógicos contemporâneos, já patentes na Gazeta de Matemática, publicação que acompanhou grande parte do século XX em Portugal, centram-se na dificuldade de atrair os alunos para os desafios com os quais a matemática confronta o engenho humano. Consequentemente, a produção futura de conhecimento pode ressentir-se deste facto. Ao não pactuar com o cepticismo que envolve a tradução das ideias matemáticas para suportes não-formais, contestam-se as premissas dissonantes nas quais se fundamenta. Os modelos teóricos publicados por académicos contemporâneos atestam a pertinência de uma perspectiva inovadora neste domínio. Além disso, foram desenvolvidos instrumentos pedagógicos que melhoram a transmissão de conceitos matemáticos, indicando a importância educativa da narrativa, em particular. Tanto do ponto de vista conceptual, como da prática, o papel essencial do discurso oral (narrativa/conto oral) perante a transmissão do conhecimento matemático é cada vez mais enfatizado. É proposto, como uma abordagem inovadora à comunicação da matemática, explorar a narratividade para criar um currículo mais dinâmico. A utilização da oralidade torna-se um processo chave no ensino e na reflexão sobre o conhecimento matemático, dada a natureza híbrida (ultrapassando fronteiras) das práticas intelectuais contemporâneas.

Resistência e performance na arte de João Cota

Researching about the art of tell and the tales told by João Cota is somehow revisiting the oral tradition and social practice in the story-telling art. It takes into consideration the resistance this art still exerts, mainly by using the performance of oral transmission and receptiveness to tales. The study of this practice contributes to the vivacious and dynamcis permanence of this authentic and traditional storyteller of his repertory and of his form to tellin our culture. Story-telling is part of the humankind living heritage communicated by means of popular wisdom. Despite the risk of vanishing into thin air, along with their narrators, the tales still manage to resist the contemporary mass culture model. How long further will stories like the ones narrated by João Cota be able to resist to strong and stronger structures dictated by writing and other communication means? João Cota s practice in story-telling will be studied not only as a proposal to identify the presence of this practice and the oral cultural resistance but also, through the performance prospective, to identify the oral transmission and receptiveness to the tales that are part of this storyteller s repertoire. In other words: what he tells, how he tells it, and why he tells it. The advent of new technologies such as internet, through which people can easily communicate with others in different parts of the world, and the greater and greater expansion in the writing skill concept interfere the maintenance of the oral tradition elements present in João Cota s narratives and inserted in the Brazilian culture. This has become more visible in the latest decades although we still notice the living tradition and permanence of the story-telling practice in several parts of the country through their wise storytellers. Our research target will require - in each of its study stages reference to works by several theoreticians namely Paul Zumthor, Mikhail Bakhtin, Câmara Cascudo, theoreticians from the receptiveness aesthetic, from the written culture history, from oral cultures and reading practices, from tradition and the Brazilian Culture of oral story-telling. In order to get to know and draw a profile of this storyteller, we ve chosen to use the comprehensive interview method by French Sociologist Jean Claude Kaufmann. The originality in the method consists of the qualitative data put together in situ , concentrated on the storyteller s narratives/speeches recorded on tape, which will be the focal point of this study. Our analysis method is based on tireless sessions of listening to interviews out of which we gathered information related to the storyteller, his practice in telling the tales, and his repertoire

A (re)construção do ditador em Dinossauro Excelentíssimo e El Otoño del Patriarca

Este trabalho visa estabelecer uma análise comparativa entre Dinossauro Excelentíssimo de José Cardoso Pires e El Otoño del Patriarca de Gabriel García Márquez. Pretende-se, com esta análise, observar a forma como o personagem do ditador é retratado nas duas obras, através dos seus pontos comuns, assim como nas suas diferenças. Para tal, procedemos a uma breve contextualização histórica de modo a destacar a importância da ditadura como matéria literária. O segundo capítulo abordará a recriação do conto oral, bem como, a utilização da paródia e da ironia como forma de mascarar o discurso do ditador. O terceiro capítulo encerra a análise comparativa, para concluir como a (re)construção do personagem do ditador surge como uma forma de descredibilizar o ditador e o poder totalitário; Abstract: – The (re)construction of the dictator in Dinossauro Excelentíssimo and El Otoño del Patriarca. This work aims to establish a comparative analysis between Dinossauro Excelentíssimo of José Cardos Pires and El Otoño del Patriarca of Gabriel García Márquez. The aim of this analysis is to observe how the character of the dictator is depicted in both works, through their common points, as well as in their differences. To this end we weld a brief historical contextualization in order to highlight of the dictatorship as a literary subject. The second chapter will deal with the recreation of the oral tale, as well as the use of parody and irony as way of masking the speech of the dictator. The third chapter closes the comparative analysis to conclude how the (re)construction of the character of the dictator emerges as a way to discredit the dictator and the totalitarian power.

Um filete de vozes : a narrativa oral na formação do conto literário brasileiro

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a presença de características e marcas da narrativa oral, sobretudo dos contos populares, nas primeiras narrativas literárias produzidas por escritores brasileiros, no período compreendido entre 1838 e o início do século XX. A caracterização das narrativas orais e dos contos populares é feita baseando-se em Walter Ong, Nelly Novaes Coelho, Jorge B. Rivera, Robert Scholles & Robert Kellogg. As narrativas literárias analisadas, principalmente contos, são as seguintes: ‘Os três desejos’, de Firmino Rodrigues Silva; ‘Minhas aventuras numa viagem de ônibus’, de Martins Pena; ‘A dança dos ossos’, de Bernardo Guimarães; ‘O baile do judeu’, de Inglês de Souza; ‘Idéias de canário’, de Machado de Assis; ‘O testamento do Tio Pedro’, de Garcia Redondo; e ‘O hóspede’, de Lúcio de Mendonça.

Em cada canto, um conto, uma canção: o velho, a tradição oral e a educação no Mato Grande/RN

This dissertation is about an Education which is made concrete through orality and gestuality of the elderly joking masters of the territory of Mato Grande/RN and proposes a reflection about the exchange between these two knowledges and school education. Thus, it presents the following objectives: identifying the joking elderly in the region; recording their life experiences related to the jokes of the tradition and the way they realize such references at present; besides investigating and recording educative practices which consider the elderly s jokes at the present education. The investigation is supported by the metaphor in the making of a quilt as a methodological resource in the actions of measurement, choice of patches, sewing and binding off. The mapping of the territory of Mato Grande/RN has enabled the identification of seventeen joking elderly people. It considers and records their experiences with the popular amusements and from them, it discusses the ways through which the oral tradition in Mato Grande may be recognized in four categories/actions, namely, narrating, singing, dancing and getting old, which are analyzed under the studies by authors like Benjamin, Zumthor, Almeida, Porpino, among others. Finally, it also focuses the relation between the elderly, the knowledge of the tradition and the systemized education. It describes and articulates educative actions able to connect the knowledge by the joking elderly people and the knowledges taught at school, possibilities of concretization of a rebinding of knowledges which might bring orality and writing, the new and the old, science and tradition close to each other

Educação literária: a hora do conto no 1º ciclo do ensino básico

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Quem conta um conto... os contos de fadas e as narrativas das crianças de uma creche de Presidente Prudente/SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

“Lérias, letras, alegres ou tristes” do conto: oralidade e amor em Guimarães Rosa

O estudo da novela "Uma estória de amor", de Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967), que pretendemos desenvolver na realização desta Dissertação de Mestrado, traz como principal mote a recepção crítica e a interpretação das cantigas, narrativas e estórias cantadas e contadas durante a "Festa de Manuelzão" (espécie de subtítulo de "Uma estória de amor"). Desse modo, nosso trabalho terá sua metodologia desenvolvida com fundamento na Estética da Recepção, formulada por Hans Robert Jauss (1921-1997), porém, não se trata de amparar a feitura dessa Dissertação, única e exclusivamente, nos métodos estético-recepcionais, mas, de amparados pelos estudos hermenêuticos, sobretudo os formulados por Jauss, constituir um cenário possível para a obra de Guimarães Rosa, considerando suas várias interpretações e sua importância para a afirmação do caráter vanguardista atribuído ao seu legado, em especial à "Uma estória de amor". Durante a realização da festa que marcará a inauguração da fazenda, os muito contadores e cantadores chegam à Samarra (propriedade de Federico Freire, patrão de Manuelzão) com a missão de contar narrativas e cantigas que conduzirão o velho vaqueiro a um raro momento de parada dos seus afazeres na fazenda, levando-o a fazer parte da celebração de sua festa. Com vista a realizar o objetivo proposto nesta Dissertação, sua divisão estrutura-se na construção de três capítulos, sendo cada um, subdividido em duas partes. Tal divisão há de servir ao alcance das questões, conclusões e possibilidades interpretativas sobre "Uma estória de amor". Assim é que, já no primeiro capítulo do texto, explorar-se-á a recepção crítica de "Uma estória de amor", bem como seu caráter vanguardista, tomando como exemplo a Literatura oral, que torna a novela de Guimarães Rosa objeto mais do que suficiente aos estudos propostos por Jauss. No segundo capítulo, dissertar-se-á sobre o amor, segundo a discussão empreendida por Derrida acerca do phármakon, teorizado em A farmácia de Platão (1991), como recorrência, ao mesmo tempo, desencadeadora de um veneno e de um poder curativo, que atribuem, ao protagonista da novela em questão, o papel do ouvinte ainda capaz de se emocionar e surpreender-se com a simples audição de relatos, aparentemente tão ingênuos sobre estórias adquiridas e perpassadas ao longo dos anos pela oralidade. No capítulo final, intenta-se realizar uma análise de alguns cantos, e, especificamente, de três narrativas condicionadas em "Uma estória de amor", dialogando com leituras mais recentes da obra (Sandra Vasconcelos, em Puras Misturas [1997], por exemplo), para demonstrar a importância do relato transmitido pelas várias gerações que procedem à narrativa original, as quais, indiferente às mudanças de rumo constantes nesses possíveis textos, muitas vezes, parecem discordar do original.

Conto de fadas: Pele de asno de Charels Perrault, e sua retomada na modernidade por Marina Colasanti

Como base de estudo para esta pesquisa, buscaremos a comparação dos contos de fadas Pele de Asno de Charles Perrault, e sua retomada na modernidade em Entre a Espada e a Rosa por Marina Colasanti. O qual proveniente da cultura oral vem a encantar crianças e adultos por toda as gerações. Esses tão conhecidos contos sempre tiveram, como objetivo, desde seu nascimento, no século XVII, a perpetuação de valores e condutas a serem seguidas. E que hoje vem sendo utilizada como um instrumento superficial e didático, reduzindo as grandes obras clássicas em meras historinhas para passar o tempo. Recebendo ainda a critica direta que tal gênero vem determinar valores nas crianças, trataremos de analisar esses contos através das considerações apontadas por Propp em seus estudos. Assim tem-se como objetivos norteadores desta pesquisa, a comparação entre as características dessas narrativas, mantendo seus contextos histórico; as funções atribuídas pelo estruturalista russo em ambas as narrativas e suas representações na vida, contrapondo as criticas apontadas a cerca desse gênero literário

Inhibitory Effects Of A Cured Antibacterial Bonding System On Viability And Metabolic Activity Of Oral Bacteria.

To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Clearfil SE Protect (CP) and Clearfil SE Bond (CB) after curing and rinsed against five individual oral microorganisms as well as a mixture of bacterial culture prepared from the selected test organisms. Bacterial suspensions were prepared from single species of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces viscosus and Lactobacillus lactis, as well as mixed bacterial suspensions from these organisms. Dentin bonding system discs (6 mm×2 mm) were prepared, cured, washed and placed on the bacterial suspension of single species or multispecies bacteria for 15, 30 and 60 min. MTT, Live/Dead bacterial viability (antibacterial effect), and XTT (metabolic activity) assays were used to test the two dentin system's antibacterial effect. All assays were done in triplicates and each experiment repeated at least three times. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Scheffe's f-test (5%). Greater than 40% bacteria killing was seen within 15 min, and the killing progressed with increasing time of incubation with CP discs. However, a longer (60 min) period of incubation was required by CP to achieve similar antimicrobial effect against mixed bacterial suspension. CB had no significant effect on the viability or metabolic activity of the test microorganisms when compared to the control bacterial culture. CP was significantly effective in reducing the viability and metabolic activity of the test organisms. The results demonstrated the antimicrobial efficacy of CP both on single and multispecies bacterial culture. CP may be beneficial in reducing bacterial infections in cavity preparations in clinical dentistry.

Perception Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeons, Orthodontists And Laypersons In Relation To The Harmony Of The Smile.

Harmony is one of the main objectives in surgical and orthodontic treatment and this harmony must be present in the smile, as well as in the face. The aim of the present study was to assess the perceptions of professionals and laypersons in relation to the harmony of the smile of patients with or without vertical maxillary alterations. Sixty observers (oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists and laypersons) reported the degree of harmony of six smiles using an objective questionnaire and the participants indicated if there was a need for corrective surgery or not. The classification of observers was recorded on a Likert scale from 1 to 5. Mixed regression was used to determine differences between the three groups. Statistically significant differences were found only for the harmony of the smile between the oral and maxillofacial surgeons and laypersons, with laypersons being more critical when assessing the smile. There was no statistical difference between the other groups for the harmony of the smile or the indication of corrective surgery. The patterns of greater or lesser harmony determined by observers during the smile were similar to those found in the literature as the ideal standard in relation to vertical maxillary positioning. Laypersons had a tendency to be more critical in relation to facial harmony than surgeons, although no statistical differences were found in the other groups in relation to the harmony of the smile or indication for the corrective surgery. In addition, the patterns of greater or lesser harmony of the smile determined by the participants were similar to those found in the literature as the ideal standard in relation to vertical maxillary positioning. Overall, the present study demonstrates that adequate interaction between surgeons, orthodontists and laypersons is essential in order to achieve facial harmony with orthodontic and/or surgical treatment. Opinion of specialists and laypersons about the smile in relation to the vertical positioning of the maxilla.

[do Elderly Individuals With A Cognitive Handicap Have Worse Oral Health?].

A comparison of the oral health of elderly people with and without a cognitive handicap was assessed. The cognitive condition, the indices of decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT), decayed, filled roots (DFR), the need for dental treatment, the presence of plaque (P), calculus (C), the community periodontal index (CPI), the rate of periodontal attachment loss (PAL), edentulism, prosthetic use and the need for prosthetics were evaluated in a complex probabilistic sample by conglomerates of the elderly (65-74 years). PASW(r) 17.0 was used for the statistical analyses with correction for the design effect, applying the Mann Whitney and chi-square test with 95% reliability. A total of 736 elderly individuals were interviewed and examined. Those with cognitive impairment had higher average DMFT, DFR and lower average healthy sextant CPI, a lower prevalence of sextants without plaque/calculus, use of prosthetics and higher prevalence of edentulism and need for prosthetics. Elderly individuals with a cognitive handicap had poorer oral health.

[association Between Physical And Psychosocial Impacts Of Oral Disorders And Quality Of Life Among The Elderly].

This study sought to evaluate the association between the impact of oral disorders in terms of physical/psychosocial dimensions and quality of life among the elderly. It involved a cross-sectional study conducted among the elderly (65-74 years) in 2008/2009. The social impact was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP 14) and the quality of life using the SF 12 Short-Form Health Survey. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis was conducted with correction for the design effect, using SPSS(r)18.0 software. Of the 800 individuals approached, 736 elderly individuals participated (TR = 92%), with a mean age of 67.77 years, the majority of whom showed no impact based on the measurement of the prevalence of OHIP. The functional limitation dimension of the OHIP was associated with the physical domain of the SF12, irrespective of the other variables investigated. However, the seriousness of OHIP and its psychological discomfort and disability dimensions was associated with the mental domain of the SF12. The conclusion reached is that some impacts of oral disorders were associated with unsatisfactory quality of life in the physical and mental domains.

Beliefs Related To Adherence To Oral Antidiabetic Treatment According To The Theory Of Planned Behavior.

to identify salient behavioral, normative, control and self-efficacy beliefs related to the behavior of adherence to oral antidiabetic agents, using the Theory of Planned Behavior. cross-sectional, exploratory study with 17 diabetic patients in chronic use of oral antidiabetic medication and in outpatient follow-up. Individual interviews were recorded, transcribed and content-analyzed using pre-established categories. behavioral beliefs concerning advantages and disadvantages of adhering to medication emerged, such as the possibility of avoiding complications from diabetes, preventing or delaying the use of insulin, and a perception of side effects. The children of patients and physicians are seen as important social references who influence medication adherence. The factors that facilitate adherence include access to free-of-cost medication and taking medications associated with temporal markers. On the other hand, a complex therapeutic regimen was considered a factor that hinders adherence. Understanding how to use medication and forgetfulness impact the perception of patients regarding their ability to adhere to oral antidiabetic agents. medication adherence is a complex behavior permeated by behavioral, normative, control and self-efficacy beliefs that should be taken into account when assessing determinants of behavior.