1000 resultados para Contaminação de equipamentos
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: To verify the existence of fungal contamination prior to and following the cleaning and disinfection process of hospital mattresses used by patients with Candidemia. METHODS: Cross-sectional study analyzing 25 mattresses used by patients with Candidemia confirmed by blood culture from different hospital wards. The study made use of convenience samples. After growing the samples in an Agar Sabouraud Dextrose environment, isolated yeasts were identified by macroscopic, microscopic and physiologic characteristics. RESULTS: Analyses showed 15 (60%) mattresses contaminated by Candida spp. From these, 10 (66.7%) and five (33.3%) mattresses corresponded respectively to the collection prior to and following disinfection, with Candida parapsilosis being the isolated species with the highest frequency. CONCLUSION: Considering that half of the mattresses remained contaminated after cleaning and disinfection, there is a risk that these mattresses may act as potential secondary reservoirs in the infection chain.
Peróxido de hidrogênio como agente despirogenizante de componentes para produtos médico-hospitalares
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A atual busca de solventes alternativos aos fluorados, frente ao problema de depleção de ozônio da estratosfera, obriga a desenvolvimentos de processos aplicáveis à fabricação de produtos médico-hospitalares. Frente ao desafio, e considerando a água estar sendo opção de escolha de outros segmentos industriais, preocupa a rápida proliferação microbiana na mesma, tornando-a fonte potencial de endotoxinas. Tal risco incompatibiliza-se por exemplo, com a produção de itens destinados ao emprego em procedimentos cirúrgicos da área cardiovascular. Desta forma foi ralizada pesquisa com o objetivo de investigar possibilidade de emprego da água como agente de limpeza de componentes para tais produtos, desde que incorporada de peróxido de hidrogênio. Trabalhou-se inoculando água e soluções de peróxido com níveis de 0,1, 0,25, 0,5 e 1,0 UE/ml; obteve-se a confirmação de efetividade de ação a concentração de 5% de peróxido de hidrogênio, através de determinação analítica pelo método "in vitro". Investigou-se, em peças injetadas em policarbonato, destinadas a fabricação de oxigenadores e reservatórios sangüíneos, inoculadas com endotoxina, a efetividade no uso do peróxido. Os resultados permitem concluir pela possibilidade de sucesso do processo proposto, seja pelo aspecto biológico ou pela remoção de sujidades.
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O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições microbiológicas de colchões caixa de ovo em uso hospitalar com a finalidade de identificar a presença de Staphylococcus aureus e seu fenótipo de resistência à meticilina (MRSA). Coletaram-se as amostras microbiológicas nos colchões por meio de placas de contato PetrifilmTM em posições pré-estabelecidas. Totalizou-se 180 placas coletadas em 15 colchões, das quais 139 (72,2%) foram positivas para Staphylococcus aureus. Desse total, 77 (55,4%) e 62 (44,6%) corresponderam respectivamente à coleta antes e após a lavagem dos colchões. Evidenciou-se redução significante (p=0,023) das Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFC), entretanto com relação ao perfil de resistência foi identificado 8 (53,3%) colchões com MRSA. Diante dos resultados, pode-se inferir sobre o risco destes colchões atuarem como reservatórios secundários na cadeia de infecção, especialmente no que se refere à presença de MRSA.
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In the practice of dental radiology, although there was no production of aerosols, there is the contamination of equipment and surfaces by contact with blood and saliva. This is making necessary the adoption infection control procedures to protect patients and staff. The objective of this paper is to present the procedures of prevention during the radiographic examination and radiographic processing in the darkroom. The proposed recommendations for the area of Dental Radiology include efficient cleaning and protection of equipment and surfaces, personal protective measures and to avoid contamination of the darkroom. These recommendations are obtained by simple procedures as cover films and radiological equipment with plastic barriers.
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Este trabalho teve por objetivo monitorar a qualidade microbiológica e identificar fatores de interferência na contaminação da água de consumo de creches de um município da região oeste de São Paulo. Colheram -se 24 amostras de água tratada em 24 pontos de 11 creches, no centro e periferia de um município da região oeste de São Paulo, durante junho e julho de 2005. De cada amostra pesquisaram-se coliformes totais e Escherichia Coli. Verificou-se que nenhuma das amostras indicou presença de Escherichia Coli, nem coliformes totais. Setenta e três por cento das creches possuíam filtros de água; 64%, utilizavam água dos refeitórios para dessedentação e água das cozinhas no preparo das refeições, mamadeiras, hidratação, lavagem e desinfecção de vegetais, higiene do ambiente, utensílios e equipamentos; apenas 27% das creches transportavam água dos refeitórios e de outras áreas para a cozinha para o preparo das mamadeiras e hidratação e 9% das creches empregavam apenas água da cozinha, tanto para preparação de alimentos quanto dessedentação das crianças. Em 46% das creches a última limpeza e desinfecção dos reservatórios havia sido realizada há seis meses, em 18% há sete meses, em 9% há doze meses e 27% há mais de 12 meses. Com relação aos encanamentos, 73% das creches possuíam encanamentos de PVC (policloreto de vinila) e 27% de ferro. Concluiu-se que é fundamental o monitoramento periódico da potabilidade da água de uso nas creches; há necessidade de se implementar o procedimento de higienização dos reservatórios de água nas creches alvo deste estudo
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Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel
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In the artificial lift method by Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), the energy is transmitted for the well´s deep through a flat electric handle, where it is converted into mechanical energy through an engine of sub-surface, which is connected to a centrifugal pump. This transmits energy to the fluid under the pressure form, bringing it to the surface In this method the subsurface equipment is basically divided into: pump, seal and motor. The main function of the seal is the protect the motor, avoiding the motor´s oil be contaminated by oil production and the consequent burning of it. Over time, the seal will be wearing and initiates a contamination of motor oil, causing it to lose its insulating characteristics. This work presents a design of a magnetic sensor capable of detecting contamination of insulating oil used in the artificial lift method of oil-type Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). The objective of this sensor is to generate alarm signal just the moment when the contamination in the isolated oil is present, enabling the implementation of a predictive maintenance. The prototype was designed to work in harsh conditions to reach a depth of 2000m and temperatures up to 150°C. It was used a simulator software to defined the mechanical and electromagnetic variables. Results of field experiments were performed to validate the prototype. The final results performed in an ESP system with a 62HP motor showed a good reliability and fast response of the prototype.
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB
Resumo:
Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel
Resumo:
In the artificial lift method by Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), the energy is transmitted for the well´s deep through a flat electric handle, where it is converted into mechanical energy through an engine of sub-surface, which is connected to a centrifugal pump. This transmits energy to the fluid under the pressure form, bringing it to the surface In this method the subsurface equipment is basically divided into: pump, seal and motor. The main function of the seal is the protect the motor, avoiding the motor´s oil be contaminated by oil production and the consequent burning of it. Over time, the seal will be wearing and initiates a contamination of motor oil, causing it to lose its insulating characteristics. This work presents a design of a magnetic sensor capable of detecting contamination of insulating oil used in the artificial lift method of oil-type Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). The objective of this sensor is to generate alarm signal just the moment when the contamination in the isolated oil is present, enabling the implementation of a predictive maintenance. The prototype was designed to work in harsh conditions to reach a depth of 2000m and temperatures up to 150°C. It was used a simulator software to defined the mechanical and electromagnetic variables. Results of field experiments were performed to validate the prototype. The final results performed in an ESP system with a 62HP motor showed a good reliability and fast response of the prototype.
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Os trabalhadores de enfermagem, em virtude de sua prática profissional, frequentemente estão expostos a riscos de contaminação em decorrência de acidentes de trabalho, em especial, os acidentes envolvendo materiais perfurocortantes. Os acidentes ocasionados por material perfurocortante, são frequentes e particularmente atribuídos ao constante manejo do profissional com o paciente. Com o objetivo de analisar as cargas de trabalho bem como os riscos de contaminação por acidentes de trabalho com material perfurocortante entre trabalhadores de enfermagem, esse trabalho originou-se de uma revisão da literatura através da exploração de fontes bibliográficas cujos descritores utilizados para a pesquisa foram "enfermagem, acidente de trabalho e risco de contaminação". Concluiu-se que as cargas de trabalho como cansaço, sobrecarga de trabalho, indisponibilidade de equipamentos de segurança e outros, são fatores que propiciam o envolvimento dos profissionais em acidentes de trabalho por materiais perfurocortantes. Observou-se que os profissionais de enfermagem são os que mais se envolvem em acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes, ficando mais expostos aos riscos de contaminação biológica inerente a esse tipo de acidente. Percebeu-se também que a Precaução Padrão juntamente com a Educação Permanente na Enfermagem são importantes aliados na prevenção e preservação da saúde dos trabalhadores expostos aos acidentes de trabalho e ao risco de contaminação.
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A discussion about groundwater contamination is presented in this work. Contamination by agricultural activity, more specifically by pesticides is emphasized. Indirect and direct estimates could be used to predict pesticide behavior in soil, and consequently, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination. These results could be applied to advise about the possibility of groundwater contamination by pesticides, and to provide subsidies for making decisions more quickly and efficiently.
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N-nitrosamines are carcinogenic compounds that have been found during the last three decades in a variety of consumer products, including cosmetic and personal care products, and their raw materials. These compounds are formed from amine precursors and nitrosating agents present in the formulations. This paper reviews the formation and occurrence of N-nitrosamines in cosmetic products, as well as presents considerations about analytical, toxicological and regulatory aspects.
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The cleanness level in fresh market tomatoes cleaning equipment is essential for consumer acceptance and conservation of product quality. However, the washing process in cleaning current equipments demands an excessive volume of water, leading to serious economic and environmental concerns. The objective of this work was to contribute with technical information for the washing system optimization. The conventional washing system currently used in cleaning equipment, which consists of perforated PVC pipes, was compared with a proposed system which uses commercial sprays. Characteristic curves (flow rate versus pressure) for both systems were determined in lab conditions and the respective water consumptions were compared. The results confirmed the excess of water consumption in the conventional washing systems, and the proposed system proved that is possible to reduce it, and the use of sprays allowed the rational use of the water.