Geometric characteristics of conics in Bézier form

Derive coordinate-free expressions for geometric characteristics of conics written in Bézier form in terms of their control points and weights.

Geometric characteristics of conics in Bézier form

Synthetic derivation of closed formulae of the geometric characteristic of a conic given in Bézier form in terms of its control polygon, (P; Q; R) and weights, (1; w; 1g)

A special quartic curve obtained by finding the envelope of a system of conics.

Thesis (M.A.)--Univ. of California. Dec. 1916,

Two geometrical memoirs on the general properties of cones of the second degree, and on the spherical conics,

Available on demand as hard copy or computer file from Cornell University Library.

Researches on curves of the second order, also on cones and spherical conics treated analytically, in which the tangencies of Apollonius are investigated, and general geometrical constructions deduced from analysis; also several of the geometrical conclusions of M. Charles are analytically resolved, together with many properties entirely original.

Available on demand as hard copy or computer file from Cornell University Library.

Two geometrical memoirs on the general properties of cones of the second degree, and on the spherical conics /

Mode of access: Internet.

Efficient Solution of Rational Conics

We present efficient algorithms for solving Legendre equations over Q (equivalently, for finding rational points on rational conics) and parametrizing all solutions. Unlike existing algorithms, no integer factorization is required, provided that the prime factors of the discriminant are known.

Mathematical models for describing the shape of the in vitro unstretched human crystalline lens

We developed orthogonal least-squares techniques for fitting crystalline lens shapes, and used the bootstrap method to determine uncertainties associated with the estimated vertex radii of curvature and asphericities of five different models. Three existing models were investigated including one that uses two separate conics for the anterior and posterior surfaces, and two whole lens models based on a modulated hyperbolic cosine function and on a generalized conic function. Two new models were proposed including one that uses two interdependent conics and a polynomial based whole lens model. The models were used to describe the in vitro shape for a data set of twenty human lenses with ages 7–82 years. The two-conic-surface model (7 mm zone diameter) and the interdependent surfaces model had significantly lower merit functions than the other three models for the data set, indicating that most likely they can describe human lens shape over a wide age range better than the other models (although with the two-conic-surfaces model being unable to describe the lens equatorial region). Considerable differences were found between some models regarding estimates of radii of curvature and surface asphericities. The hyperbolic cosine model and the new polynomial based whole lens model had the best precision in determining the radii of curvature and surface asphericities across the five considered models. Most models found significant increase in anterior, but not posterior, radius of curvature with age. Most models found a wide scatter of asphericities, but with the asphericities usually being positive and not significantly related to age. As the interdependent surfaces model had lower merit function than three whole lens models, there is further scope to develop an accurate model of the complete shape of human lenses of all ages. The results highlight the continued difficulty in selecting an appropriate model for the crystalline lens shape.

Can partial coherence interferometry be used to determine retinal shape?

Purpose: To determine likely errors in estimating retinal shape using partial coherence interferometric instruments when no allowance is made for optical distortion. Method: Errors were estimated using Gullstrand’s No. 1 schematic eye and variants which included a 10 D axial myopic eye, an emmetropic eye with a gradient-index lens, and a 10.9 D accommodating eye with a gradient-index lens. Performance was simulated for two commercial instruments, the IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec) and the Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit AG). The incident beam was directed towards either the centre of curvature of the anterior cornea (corneal-direction method) or the centre of the entrance pupil (pupil-direction method). Simple trigonometry was used with the corneal intercept and the incident beam angle to estimate retinal contour. Conics were fitted to the estimated contours. Results: The pupil-direction method gave estimates of retinal contour that were much too flat. The cornea-direction method gave similar results for IOLMaster and Lenstar approaches. The steepness of the retinal contour was slightly overestimated, the exact effects varying with the refractive error, gradient index and accommodation. Conclusion: These theoretical results suggest that, for field angles ≤30º, partial coherence interferometric instruments are of use in estimating retinal shape by the corneal-direction method with the assumptions of a regular retinal shape and no optical distortion. It may be possible to improve on these estimates out to larger field angles by using optical modeling to correct for distortion.

Construções geométricas por dobradura (ORIGAMI): Aplicações ao ensino básico

A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de mostrar a arte Origami sob um contexto matemático, apresentando um pequeno resumo dos aspectos história e o desenvolvimento do Origami ao longo do tempo e dando maior destaque às suas aplicações na matemática, com o emprego dos axiomas de Huzita e a proposta de ampliação deste conjunto de axiomas com a inclusão da circunferência no papel Origami. Com o uso das técnicas de dobraduras, este trabalho mostra várias aplicações do Origami na matemática, tais como: a solução de alguns problemas clássicos, a construção de polígonos, a demonstração da soma dos ângulos internos de um triângulo, cálculo de algumas áreas, a solução de alguns problemas de máximos e mínimos, seguidos dos conceitos matemático envolvidos em cada um deles. E a inclusão da circunferência no plano Origami permitiu ainda, o estudo das construções das cônicas por dobraduras

Construções geométricas por dobradura (ORIGAMI): aplicações ao ensino básico

A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de mostrar a arte Origami sob um contexto matemático, apresentando um pequeno resumo dos aspectos história e o desenvolvimento do Origami ao longo do tempo e dando maior destaque às suas aplicações na matemática, com o emprego dos axiomas de Huzita e a proposta de ampliação deste conjunto de axiomas com a inclusão da circunferência no papel Origami. Com o uso das técnicas de dobraduras, este trabalho mostra várias aplicações do Origami na matemática, tais como: a solução de alguns problemas clássicos, a construção de polígonos, a demonstração da soma dos ângulos internos de um triângulo, cálculo de algumas áreas, a solução de alguns problemas de máximos e mínimos, seguidos dos conceitos matemático envolvidos em cada um deles. E a inclusão da circunferência no plano Origami permitiu ainda, o estudo das construções das cônicas por dobraduras.

一种基于旋转体的摄像机定位方法

基于旋转体的摄像机定位是单目合作目标定位领域中的涉及较少并且较为困难的一个问题,传统的基于点基元、直线基元及曲线基元的定位方法在用于旋转体定位过程中都存在相应的问题.文中设计了一种由4个相切椭圆构成的几何模型,该模型环绕于圆柱体表面,利用二次曲线的投影仍然是二次曲线的特性和椭圆的相应性质能够得到唯一确定模型位置的3个坐标点,从而将旋转体定位问题转化为P3P问题.在对P3P的解模式区域进行分析后,推导了根据模型上可视曲线的弯曲情况来确定P3P问题解模式的判别方法,并给出证明过程.仿真实验表明了这种模型定位方法的有效性.最后利用这个模型引导机械手完成目标定位的实验.

Exam 1979 pdf

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Exam 1981

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