Creatividad e innovación en el español americano : variación intrahablante tampoco vs. tampoco no en la comunidad peruana de Buenos Aires

Ciertos procesos de creación e innovación lingüística que observamos en las variedades de español americano en contacto con el quechua no obedecen exclusivamente a fenómenos de calco sintáctico o desajustes en el sistema, sino que actualmente -desde un punto de vista funcional y contextual- ejemplifican el dinamismo de las lenguas y el despliegue de recursos creativos que los hablantes emplean para garantizar la eficacia comunicativa de sus mensajes, aun cuando las innovaciones resultantes se alejen de la llamada "lengua estándar". En ese sentido, el caso particular de las variedades de español más extendidas en el Perú (costeña y andina) nos ofrece valiosos ejemplos de distribución y especificidad contextuales, en cuanto a la ocurrencia de variación intrahablante de dos adverbios de negación (tampoco no), en alternancia con la forma considerada canónica (tampoco). Estimamos -a la luz del análisis de la frecuencia de uso y el aporte significativo al mensaje que se infiere del discurso- que la ocurrencia se debe a la especialización comunicativa de dichas formas. Como consecuencia, el abordaje de esta temática a la luz de su funcionalidad contextual nos permite cuestionar en gran medida la noción de error con el que se tiende a nombrar a este tipo de empleos no estándar.

Creatividad e innovación en el español americano : variación intrahablante tampoco vs. tampoco no en la comunidad peruana de Buenos Aires

Ciertos procesos de creación e innovación lingüística que observamos en las variedades de español americano en contacto con el quechua no obedecen exclusivamente a fenómenos de calco sintáctico o desajustes en el sistema, sino que actualmente -desde un punto de vista funcional y contextual- ejemplifican el dinamismo de las lenguas y el despliegue de recursos creativos que los hablantes emplean para garantizar la eficacia comunicativa de sus mensajes, aun cuando las innovaciones resultantes se alejen de la llamada "lengua estándar". En ese sentido, el caso particular de las variedades de español más extendidas en el Perú (costeña y andina) nos ofrece valiosos ejemplos de distribución y especificidad contextuales, en cuanto a la ocurrencia de variación intrahablante de dos adverbios de negación (tampoco no), en alternancia con la forma considerada canónica (tampoco). Estimamos -a la luz del análisis de la frecuencia de uso y el aporte significativo al mensaje que se infiere del discurso- que la ocurrencia se debe a la especialización comunicativa de dichas formas. Como consecuencia, el abordaje de esta temática a la luz de su funcionalidad contextual nos permite cuestionar en gran medida la noción de error con el que se tiende a nombrar a este tipo de empleos no estándar.

Creatividad e innovación en el español americano : variación intrahablante tampoco vs. tampoco no en la comunidad peruana de Buenos Aires

Ciertos procesos de creación e innovación lingüística que observamos en las variedades de español americano en contacto con el quechua no obedecen exclusivamente a fenómenos de calco sintáctico o desajustes en el sistema, sino que actualmente -desde un punto de vista funcional y contextual- ejemplifican el dinamismo de las lenguas y el despliegue de recursos creativos que los hablantes emplean para garantizar la eficacia comunicativa de sus mensajes, aun cuando las innovaciones resultantes se alejen de la llamada "lengua estándar". En ese sentido, el caso particular de las variedades de español más extendidas en el Perú (costeña y andina) nos ofrece valiosos ejemplos de distribución y especificidad contextuales, en cuanto a la ocurrencia de variación intrahablante de dos adverbios de negación (tampoco no), en alternancia con la forma considerada canónica (tampoco). Estimamos -a la luz del análisis de la frecuencia de uso y el aporte significativo al mensaje que se infiere del discurso- que la ocurrencia se debe a la especialización comunicativa de dichas formas. Como consecuencia, el abordaje de esta temática a la luz de su funcionalidad contextual nos permite cuestionar en gran medida la noción de error con el que se tiende a nombrar a este tipo de empleos no estándar.

La dimensión contextual en el currículo de la Escuela y Preparatoria Técnica Médica de la U.A.N.L.: un análisis de la congruencia externa

[Tesis] ( Maestría en Formación y Capacitación de Recursos Humanos ) U.A.N.L.

The information systems discipline in Australian universities : a contextual framework

This chapter presents the contextual framework for the second phase of a multi-method, multiple study of the information systems (IS) academic discipline in Australia. The chapter outlines the genesis of a two-phase Australian study, and positions the study as the precursor to a larger Pacific-Asia study. Analysis of existing literature on the state of IS and on relevant theory underpins a series of individual Australian state case studies summarised in this chapter and represented as separate chapters in the book. This chapter outlines the methodological approach employed, with emphasis on the case-study method of the multiple state studies. The process of multiple peer review of the studies is described. Importantly, this chapter summarises and analyses each of the subsequent chapters of this book, emphasising the role of a framework developed to guide much of the data gathering and analysis. This chapter also highlights the process involved in conducting the meta-analysis reported in the final chapter of this book, and summarises some of the main results of the meta-analysis.

Mid-level concept learning with visual contextual ontologies and probabilistic inference for image annotation

To date, automatic recognition of semantic information such as salient objects and mid-level concepts from images is a challenging task. Since real-world objects tend to exist in a context within their environment, the computer vision researchers have increasingly incorporated contextual information for improving object recognition. In this paper, we present a method to build a visual contextual ontology from salient objects descriptions for image annotation. The ontologies include not only partOf/kindOf relations, but also spatial and co-occurrence relations. A two-step image annotation algorithm is also proposed based on ontology relations and probabilistic inference. Different from most of the existing work, we specially exploit how to combine representation of ontology, contextual knowledge and probabilistic inference. The experiments show that image annotation results are improved in the LabelMe dataset.

Evaluation of contextual influences on the medication administration practice of paediatric nurses

Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore the impact of preidentified contextual themes (related to work environment and socialization) on nursing medication practice. Background. Medication administration is a complex aspect of paediatric nursing and an important component of day-to-day nursing practice. Many attempts are being made to improve patient safety, but many errors remain. Identifying and understanding factors that influence medication administration errors are of utmost importance. Method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 278 paediatric nurses from the emergency department, intensive care unit and medical and surgical wards of an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital in 2004. The response rate was 67%. Result. Contextual influences were important in determining how closely medication policy was followed. Completed questionnaires were returned by 185 nurses (67%). Younger nurses aged <34 years thought that their medication administration practice could be influenced by the person with whom they checked the drugs (P = 0·001), and that there were daily circumstances when it was acceptable not to adhere strictly to medication policy (P < 0·001), including choosing between following policy and acting in the best interests of the child (P = 0·002). Senior nurses agreed that senior staff dictate acceptable levels of medication policy adherence through role modelling (P = 0·01). Less experienced nurses reported greater confidence with computer literacy (P < 0·001). Conclusions. Organizations need to employ multidisciplinary education programmes to promote universal understanding of, and adherence to, medication policies. Skill mix should be closely monitored to ensure adequate support for new and junior staff.

Researching for social justice: Contextual, conceptual and methodological challenges

Reforming schooling to enable engagement and success for those typically marginalised and failed by schools is a necessary task for educational researchers and activists concerned with injustice. However, it is a difficult pursuit, with a long history of failed attempts. This paper outlines the rationale of an Australian partnership research project, Redesigning Pedagogies in the North (RPiN), which took on such an effort in public secondary schooling contexts that, in current times, are beset with 'crisis' conditions and constrained by policy rationales that make it difficult to pursue issues of justice. Within the project, university investigators and teachers collaborated in action research that drew on a range of conceptual resources for redesigning curriculum and pedagogies, including: funds of knowledge, vernacular or local literacies; place-based education; the 'productive pedagogies' and the 'unofficial curriculum' of popular culture and out-of-school learning settings. In bringing these resources together with the aim of interrupting the reproduction of inequality, the project developed a methodo-logic which builds on Bourdieuian insights.

Using visuals to explore the contextual aspects of user-product interactions

Experience underlies all kinds of human knowledge and it is dependent on context. People’s experience within a particular context-of-use determines how they interact with products. Methods employed in this research to elicit human experience have included the use of visuals. This paper describes two empirical studies that employed visual representation of concepts as a means to explore the experiential and contextual component of user- product interactions. One study employed visuals that the participants produced during the study. The other employed visuals that the researcher used as prompts during a focus group session. This paper demonstrates that using visuals in design research is valuable for exploring and understanding the contextual aspects of human experience and its influence on people’s concepts of product use.

An aspect query language model based on query decomposition and high-order contextual term associations

In information retrieval (IR) research, more and more focus has been placed on optimizing a query language model by detecting and estimating the dependencies between the query and the observed terms occurring in the selected relevance feedback documents. In this paper, we propose a novel Aspect Language Modeling framework featuring term association acquisition, document segmentation, query decomposition, and an Aspect Model (AM) for parameter optimization. Through the proposed framework, we advance the theory and practice of applying high-order and context-sensitive term relationships to IR. We first decompose a query into subsets of query terms. Then we segment the relevance feedback documents into chunks using multiple sliding windows. Finally we discover the higher order term associations, that is, the terms in these chunks with high degree of association to the subsets of the query. In this process, we adopt an approach by combining the AM with the Association Rule (AR) mining. In our approach, the AM not only considers the subsets of a query as “hidden” states and estimates their prior distributions, but also evaluates the dependencies between the subsets of a query and the observed terms extracted from the chunks of feedback documents. The AR provides a reasonable initial estimation of the high-order term associations by discovering the associated rules from the document chunks. Experimental results on various TREC collections verify the effectiveness of our approach, which significantly outperforms a baseline language model and two state-of-the-art query language models namely the Relevance Model and the Information Flow model

Learning and acting in project situations through a meta-method (MAP) a case study : contextual and situational approach for project management governance in management education

The paper introduces the underlying principles and the general features of a meta-method (MAP method) developed as part of and used in various research, education and professional development programmes at ESC Lille. This method aims at providing effective and efficient structure and process for acting and learning in various complex, uncertain and ambiguous managerial situations (projects, programmes, portfolios). The paper is developed around three main parts. First, I suggest revisiting the dominant vision of the project management knowledge field, based on the assumptions they are not addressing adequately current business and management contexts and situations, and that competencies in management of entrepreneurial activities are the sources of creation of value for organisations. Then, grounded on the former developments, I introduce the underlying concepts supporting MAP method seen as a ‘convention generator’ and how this meta method inextricably links learning and practice in addressing managerial situations. Finally, I briefly describe an example of application, illustrating with a case study how the method integrates Project Management Governance, and give few examples of use in Management Education and Professional Development.

Learning and acting in project situations through a meta-method (MAP) : a case study : contextual and situational approach for project management governance in management education

The paper introduces the underlying principles and the general features of a meta-method (MAP method – Management & Analysis of Projects) developed as part of and used in various research, education and professional development programmes at ESC Lille. This method aims at providing effective and efficient structure and process for acting and learning in various complex, uncertain and ambiguous managerial situations (projects, programmes, portfolios). The paper is organized in three parts. In a first part, I propose to revisit the dominant vision of the project management knowledge field, based on the assumptions they are not addressing adequately current business and management contexts and situations, and that competencies in management of entrepreneurial activities are the sources of creation of value for organisations. Then, grounded on the new suggested perspective, the second part presents the underlying concepts supporting MAP method seen as a ‘convention generator' and how this meta-method inextricably links learning and practice in addressing managerial situations. The third part describes example of application, illustrating with a brief case study how the method integrates Project Management Governance, and gives few examples of use in Management Education and Professional Development.