Escaping From The Past? The Falkland Islands in the Twenty-First Century

This paper discusses the competing claims for the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, which led to a war in 1982 between the United Kingdom and Argentina, which given that it was over competing claims for sovereignty over a non-independent territory seemed to be redolent of the nineteenth rather than the late-twentieth century. Post-war developments are outlined whilst the paper considers whether or not the Falkland Islands can ever escape from the Conflict, now more than thirty years ago.

The Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire : an instrument for measuring patterns for coping with decisional conflict

A study was conducted to examine the factorial validity of the Flinders Decision Making Questionnaire (Mann, 1982), a 31-item self-report inventory designed to measure tendencies to use three major coping patterns identified in the conflict theory of decision making (Janis and Mann, 1977): vigilance, hypervigilance, and defensive avoidance (procrastination, buck-passing, and rationalization). A sample of 2051 university students, comprising samples from Australia (n=262), New Zealand (n=260), the USA (n=475), Japan (n=359), Hong Kong (n=281) and Taiwan (n=414) was administered the DMQ. Factorial validity of the instrument was tested by confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL. Five different substantive models, representing different structural relationships between the decision-coping patterns had unsatisfactory fit to the data and could not be validated. A shortened instrument, containing 22 items, yielded a revised model comprising four identifiable factors-vigilance, hypervigilance, buck-passing, and procrastination. The revised model had adequate fit with data for each country sample and for the total sample, and was confirmed. It is recommended that the 22-item instrument, named the Melbourne DMQ, replace the Flinders DMQ for measurement of decision-coping patterns.

"I take care of my own" : a field study on how leadership handles conflict between individual and collective incentives

From the early literature on the role of firm managers (Alchian and Demsetz 1972) to the industrial organisation on contracts and mechanism design (Laont and Martimort 2009), economists have given a lot of attention to find solutions to the imperfect alignment between individuals' incentives and an organisation's collective goals (Prendergast 1999). In that literature a key role of managers is to monitor individuals to reward behaviour aligned with the collective goals and reduce sub- optimal behaviour, such as shirking. How- ever, another strand of literature, since Akerlof (1982), has put forward a vision of reciprocal behaviour between an organisation's leadership and its members: gifts (high wages, recognition) from the organisation are reciprocated by high effort from the members of the organisation. By rewarding individual members (rather than strictly monitoring them), organisations may benefit from greater effort and cohesion. Experimental research in organizational economics has provided mixed results suggesting that agents do react to personal incentives but also that reciprocal behaviour can play a substantial role (Camerer and Weber 2012).

La actuación de la ONU y la OEA en el proceso de paz en Guatemala (1982-1998)

El presente trabajo constituye en una investigación que tiene como objetivo identificar, describir, determinar y evaluar la incidencia de los elementos y los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación de los programas de la ONU y la OEA en Guatemala, durante y después de los Acuerdos de Paz de 1996.

El papel de Hezbolá en el conflicto Líbano – Israel de 1982 – 2006

La incidencia de terceros actores en las Relaciones Internacionales es cada vez más frecuente y ha llevado a muchas de estas interacciones a un grado de mayor hostilidad, hasta el punto de convertirse en focos de inseguridad para toda una región. Este tipo de situaciones se presenta en mayor medida en zonas como medio oriente que se caracterizan por ser complejos de seguridad de alta hostilidad en los que se desarrollan amplias agendas de seguridad. Un marco de análisis de dicha situación la podemos encontrar en el conflicto Líbano – Israel y la incidencia que ha tenido Hezbolá (actor no estatal) como agente de securitización lo que ha generado una mayor tensión entre los estados de Líbano e Israel y como consecuencia de ello un mayor grado de inseguridad para la región (Medio Oriente).

Análisis del conflicto de las Malvinas a la luz de la descolonización y el principio de determinación de los pueblos. Periodo 1982 - 2012

Esta monografía busca responder a la pregunta: ¿De qué manera el proceso de descolonización y el principio de determinación de los pueblos definen unos parámetros de actuación que mantienen latente el conflicto por las islas? A partir de lo anterior se determinan los elementos del proceso de colonización y descolonización inconclusa por los cuales se le otorgaría a Argentina el derecho sobre las Malvinas; se identifica en qué medida el principio de libre autodeterminación de los pueblos implica soberanía por parte de los británicos y se analiza su aplicabilidad, mostrando así una contradicción y prevalencia de la autodeterminación sobre el proceso de descolonización que reclama Argentina, situación que mantiene el conflicto sin resolver. Para entender este complejo proceso de relaciones internacionales, no basta con las teorías racionalistas que aunque permiten otros niveles de análisis no logra el entendimiento del proceso de conflicto por la soberanía de las islas Malvinas. Mientras que, el enfoque constructivista se va a centrar en el proceso que va a permitir un estudio de la interacción recíproca de los agentes para determinar la construcción de identidad que puede ser positiva o negativa la cual genera una determinada cultura de anarquía, que, para el caso de Malvinas, es de tipo conflictiva, es decir, Hobbesiana.

Identifying sources of organizational conflict /

"August 1981."

Decision-making style and self-concept

The Flinders Decision-Making Questionnaire (FDMQ) (Mann, 1982), which measures three decision-making styles and decision-making self-esteem, and the Self-Description Questionnaire III (SDQ HI) (Marsh & O'Neill, 1984), which measures 13 facets of self-concept; were administered to 475 university students to investigate some of the tenets of Janis and Mann's (1976, 1977) conflict model of decision-making and to further investigate the influence of self-concept on decision-making behaviours. The findings empirically validated Janis and Mann's (1977) link between decision-making self-esteem and decision-making style. Modest relationships, in the predicted direction, were found between decision-making self-esteem and the three decision-making styles (Vigilance, Defensive Avoidance, and Hypervigilance). In addition, specific facets of self-concept (General, Verbal, Academic, Honesty/Reliability and Problem-Solving Self Concepts) were related to self-reported decision-making behaviours.