Dafnis en la Bucólica V de Virgilio : La alusión compleja y los límites de la identidad

La mayor parte de la crítica sobre la bucólica V ha partido de la idea de que Dafnis es una alegoría de otro personaje o de otra realidad. Sin embargo, nada hay en él que haga posible sostener una interpretación alegórica en ningún sentido porque, a diferencia del puer de la bucólica IV o del iuvenis de la I, Dafnis tiene un nombre preciso. Partiendo de otros postulados críticos, la idea de este artículo es que el Dafnis de la bucólica V sugiere distintos planos de alusiones (alusión compleja), uno de los cuales es el contemporáneo, que remite a César, pero que el carácter literario del texto nos impide admitir la alegorización, basada en posiciones ajenas a la índole de los textos literarios. La reseña de distintas consideraciones críticas hace pensar que, en cierta manera, esos sentidos están presentes en el poema de Virgilio y no son necesariamente el resultado de especulaciones posteriores. Por último, puede verse que es la poesía, en tanto sostén de la historia (y con la materias de la imagen y la alusión), el ente capaz de celebrar algún aspecto del ámbito histórico. Esta idea puede extenderse a otros sectores de la obra virgiliana

Dafnis en la Bucólica V de Virgilio : La alusión compleja y los límites de la identidad

La mayor parte de la crítica sobre la bucólica V ha partido de la idea de que Dafnis es una alegoría de otro personaje o de otra realidad. Sin embargo, nada hay en él que haga posible sostener una interpretación alegórica en ningún sentido porque, a diferencia del puer de la bucólica IV o del iuvenis de la I, Dafnis tiene un nombre preciso. Partiendo de otros postulados críticos, la idea de este artículo es que el Dafnis de la bucólica V sugiere distintos planos de alusiones (alusión compleja), uno de los cuales es el contemporáneo, que remite a César, pero que el carácter literario del texto nos impide admitir la alegorización, basada en posiciones ajenas a la índole de los textos literarios. La reseña de distintas consideraciones críticas hace pensar que, en cierta manera, esos sentidos están presentes en el poema de Virgilio y no son necesariamente el resultado de especulaciones posteriores. Por último, puede verse que es la poesía, en tanto sostén de la historia (y con la materias de la imagen y la alusión), el ente capaz de celebrar algún aspecto del ámbito histórico. Esta idea puede extenderse a otros sectores de la obra virgiliana

Dafnis en la Bucólica V de Virgilio : La alusión compleja y los límites de la identidad

La mayor parte de la crítica sobre la bucólica V ha partido de la idea de que Dafnis es una alegoría de otro personaje o de otra realidad. Sin embargo, nada hay en él que haga posible sostener una interpretación alegórica en ningún sentido porque, a diferencia del puer de la bucólica IV o del iuvenis de la I, Dafnis tiene un nombre preciso. Partiendo de otros postulados críticos, la idea de este artículo es que el Dafnis de la bucólica V sugiere distintos planos de alusiones (alusión compleja), uno de los cuales es el contemporáneo, que remite a César, pero que el carácter literario del texto nos impide admitir la alegorización, basada en posiciones ajenas a la índole de los textos literarios. La reseña de distintas consideraciones críticas hace pensar que, en cierta manera, esos sentidos están presentes en el poema de Virgilio y no son necesariamente el resultado de especulaciones posteriores. Por último, puede verse que es la poesía, en tanto sostén de la historia (y con la materias de la imagen y la alusión), el ente capaz de celebrar algún aspecto del ámbito histórico. Esta idea puede extenderse a otros sectores de la obra virgiliana

Raman spectroscopy of some complex arsenate minerals—implications for soil remediation

The application of spectroscopy to the study of contaminants in soils is important. Among the many contaminants is arsenic, which is highly labile and may leach to non-contaminated areas. Minerals of arsenate may form depending upon the availability of specific cations for example calcium and iron. Such minerals include carminite, pharmacosiderite and talmessite. Each of these arsenate minerals can be identified by its characteristic Raman spectrum enabling identification.

Abstracting and correlating heterogeneous events to detect complex scenarios

The research presented in this thesis addresses inherent problems in signaturebased intrusion detection systems (IDSs) operating in heterogeneous environments. The research proposes a solution to address the difficulties associated with multistep attack scenario specification and detection for such environments. The research has focused on two distinct problems: the representation of events derived from heterogeneous sources and multi-step attack specification and detection. The first part of the research investigates the application of an event abstraction model to event logs collected from a heterogeneous environment. The event abstraction model comprises a hierarchy of events derived from different log sources such as system audit data, application logs, captured network traffic, and intrusion detection system alerts. Unlike existing event abstraction models where low-level information may be discarded during the abstraction process, the event abstraction model presented in this work preserves all low-level information as well as providing high-level information in the form of abstract events. The event abstraction model presented in this work was designed independently of any particular IDS and thus may be used by any IDS, intrusion forensic tools, or monitoring tools. The second part of the research investigates the use of unification for multi-step attack scenario specification and detection. Multi-step attack scenarios are hard to specify and detect as they often involve the correlation of events from multiple sources which may be affected by time uncertainty. The unification algorithm provides a simple and straightforward scenario matching mechanism by using variable instantiation where variables represent events as defined in the event abstraction model. The third part of the research looks into the solution to address time uncertainty. Clock synchronisation is crucial for detecting multi-step attack scenarios which involve logs from multiple hosts. Issues involving time uncertainty have been largely neglected by intrusion detection research. The system presented in this research introduces two techniques for addressing time uncertainty issues: clock skew compensation and clock drift modelling using linear regression. An off-line IDS prototype for detecting multi-step attacks has been implemented. The prototype comprises two modules: implementation of the abstract event system architecture (AESA) and of the scenario detection module. The scenario detection module implements our signature language developed based on the Python programming language syntax and the unification-based scenario detection engine. The prototype has been evaluated using a publicly available dataset of real attack traffic and event logs and a synthetic dataset. The distinct features of the public dataset are the fact that it contains multi-step attacks which involve multiple hosts with clock skew and clock drift. These features allow us to demonstrate the application and the advantages of the contributions of this research. All instances of multi-step attacks in the dataset have been correctly identified even though there exists a significant clock skew and drift in the dataset. Future work identified by this research would be to develop a refined unification algorithm suitable for processing streams of events to enable an on-line detection. In terms of time uncertainty, identified future work would be to develop mechanisms which allows automatic clock skew and clock drift identification and correction. The immediate application of the research presented in this thesis is the framework of an off-line IDS which processes events from heterogeneous sources using abstraction and which can detect multi-step attack scenarios which may involve time uncertainty.

Managing infrastructure transitions : a complex adaptive systems perspective

Engineering assets such as roads, rail, bridges and other forms of public works are vital to the effective functioning of societies {Herder, 2006 #128}. Proficient provision of this physical infrastructure is therefore one of the key activities of government {Lædre, 2006 #123}. In order to ensure engineering assets are procured and maintained on behalf of citizens, government needs to devise the appropriate policy and institutional architecture for this purpose. The changing institutional arrangements around the procurement of engineering assets are the focus of this paper. The paper describes and analyses the transition to new, more collaborative forms of procurement arrangements which are becoming increasingly prevalent in Australia and other OECD countries. Such fundamental shifts from competitive to more collaborative approaches to project governance can be viewed as a major transition in procurement system arrangements. In many ways such changes mirror the shift from New Public Management, with its emphasis on the use of market mechanisms to achieve efficiencies {Hood, 1991 #166}, towards more collaborative approaches to service delivery, such as those under network governance arrangements {Keast, 2007 #925}. However, just as traditional forms of procurement in a market context resulted in unexpected outcomes for industry, such as a fragmented industry afflicted by chronic litigation {Dubois, 2002 #9}, the change to more collaborative forms of procurement is unlikely to be a panacea to the problems of procurement, and may well also have unintended consequences. This paper argues that perspectives from complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory can contribute to the theory and practice of managing system transitions. In particular the concept of emergence provides a key theoretical construct to understand the aggregate effect that individual project governance arrangements can have upon the structure of specific industries, which in turn impact individual projects. Emergence is understood here as the macro structure that emerges out of the interaction of agents in the system {Holland, 1998 #100; Tang, 2006 #51}.