Twentieth century business letters and forms; the latest guide to commercial correspondence, containing model compositions covering a wide range of subjects in commercial correspondence,

Mode of access: Internet.

Commercial correspondence, a collection of modern letters of business : with notes critical and explanatory and an appendix.

Appendix wanting.

Hossfeld's new practical method for learning the Dutch language,

Mode of access: Internet.

The clerk's guide, or, Commercial correspondence; comprising letters of business, forms of bills, invoices, account-sales, and an appendix, containing advice to young tradesmen and shopkeepers, equation of payments, commercial terms, &c.

With this is bound: Foster, B. F. Prospectus of the Commercial Academy, no. 183 Broadway, N. Y., conducted by B. F. Foster ... New York, 1837.

French commercial correspondence with exercises, French-English and English-French glossaries, hints on letter-writing, and copious notes, /

Mode of access: Internet.

Problems in business correspondence,

Mode of access: Internet.

Précis writing and office correspondence.

Mode of access: Internet.

A series of commercial letters /

Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 31474.7.

Organization, correspondence, transportation. Part I: Business organization,

Series title also on t.-p.

Cambium non est mutuum: exchange and interest rates in medieval Europe

A major gap in our understanding of the medieval economy concerns interest rates, especially relating to commercial credit. Although direct evidence about interest rates is scattered and anecdotal, there is much more surviving information about exchange rates. Since both contemporaries and historians have suggested that exchange and rechange transactions could be used to disguise the charging of interest in order to circumvent the usury prohibition, it should be possible to back out the interest rates from exchange rates. The following analysis is based on a new dataset of medieval exchange rates collected from commercial correspondence in the archive of Francesco di Marco Datini of Prato, c.1383-1411. It demonstrates that the time value of money was consistently incorporated into market exchange rates. Moreover, these implicit interest rates are broadly comparable to those received from other types of commercial loan and investment. Although on average profitable, the return on any individual exchange and rechange transaction did involve a degree of uncertainty that may have justified their non-usurious nature. However, there were also practical reasons why medieval merchants may have used foreign exchange transactions as a means of extending credit.

Genre theory and language change in a community of practice

Business letters are complex sites of interaction. Discussions of genre theory from different disciplinary perspectives (psychology, applied linguistics, rhetoric) highlight tension between stability and change in writing as a social activity. The research extends the use of ethnographic methodology and Communities of Practice in examining writing and a writing community.

Unique collection letters,

Mode of access: Internet.

Applied business English,/

Mode of access: Internet.

Allzeit fertiger selbstlehrend italienisch deutscher handelscorrespondent; oder, Drei hundert auserlesene auf die neueste art und weise auch auf alle vorkommende fälle eingerichtete italienisch deutsche kaufmanns-briefe ... versehen und in das Italienische übersetzt.

Mode of access: Internet.

Effective English in business,

"Selective lists of business books": p. 625-633.