Avaliação do nível de ruído em colhedoras combinadas

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar os níveis de pressão sonora nas cabines de colhedoras combinadas, por meio do uso de um medidor de nível de pressão sonora. Foram avaliadas as colhedoras New Holland TC-57, SLC 6200 e Massey Ferguson 3640, sendo determinado o nível de ruído na cabine do operador. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos e três repetições. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que todas as colhedoras estudadas apresentaram ruído acima do nível máximo estabelecido pelas normas técnicas.

Avaliação de características ergonômicas no posto do operador em colhedoras combinadas

Com o propósito de fornecer dados para a avaliação de características ergonômicas no posto do operador de quatro colhedoras combinadas presentes na agricultura brasileira, foram realizadas, na região de Uberaba - MG, determinações das distâncias, a partir do ponto de referência do assento até os órgãos de comandos das colhedoras. Dentre as máquinas analisadas, a colhedora NH TC 57 foi a que apresentou melhores características ergonômicas do projeto interno da cabine.

Tempos, movimentos e qualidade da operação de colheita mecanizada de soja em função do formato de talhões

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Using Bayesian Mixture Models That Combine Expert Knowledge and GIS Data to Define Ecoregions

Conservation planning and management programs typically assume relatively homogeneous ecological landscapes. Such “ecoregions” serve multiple purposes: they support assessments of competing environmental values, reveal priorities for allocating scarce resources, and guide effective on-ground actions such as the acquisition of a protected area and habitat restoration. Ecoregions have evolved from a history of organism–environment interactions, and are delineated at the scale or level of detail required to support planning. Depending on the delineation method, scale, or purpose, they have been described as provinces, zones, systems, land units, classes, facets, domains, subregions, and ecological, biological, biogeographical, or environmental regions. In each case, they are essential to the development of conservation strategies and are embedded in government policies at multiple scales.

Pre-emptive breeding to combine superior eating quality in tropical super sweet corn with resistance to major diseases

This report presents the process and outcomes of a five year project, which employed genetics and breeding approach for integrating disease resistance,agronomy and quality traits that enhances sustainable productivity improvement in sweet corn production. The report outlines a molecular markers based approach to introgress quantitative traits loci that are believed to contribute to resistance to downy mildew, a potentially devastating disease that threatens sweet corn and other similar crops. It also details the approach followed to integrate resistances for other major diseases such as southern rust (caused by Puccinia polysora Underw), Northern Corn Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) with improved agronomy and eating quality. The report explains the importance of heterosis (hybrid vigour) and combining ability in the development of useful sweet corn hybrids. It also explains the relevance of parental performance to predict its breeding value and the performance of its hybrids.

Features in visual search combine linearly

Single features such as line orientation and length are known to guide visual search, but relatively little is known about how multiple features combine in search. To address this question, we investigated how search for targets differing in multiple features ( intensity, length, orientation) from the distracters is related to searches for targets differing in each of the individual features. We tested race models (based on reaction times) and coactivation models ( based on reciprocal of reaction times) for their ability to predict multiple feature searches. Multiple feature searches were best accounted for by a co-activation model in which feature information combined linearly (r = 0.95). This result agrees with the classic finding that these features are separable i.e., subjective dissimilarity ratings sum linearly. We then replicated the classical finding that the length and width of a rectangle are integral features-in other words, they combine nonlinearly in visual search. However, to our surprise, upon including aspect ratio as an additional feature, length and width combined linearly and this model outperformed all other models. Thus, length and width of a rectangle became separable when considered together with aspect ratio. This finding predicts that searches involving shapes with identical aspect ratio should be more difficult than searches where shapes differ in aspect ratio. We confirmed this prediction on a variety of shapes. We conclude that features in visual search co-activate linearly and demonstrate for the first time that aspect ratio is a novel feature that guides visual search.

Object attributes combine additively in visual search

We perceive objects as containing a variety of attributes: local features, relations between features, internal details, and global properties. But we know little about how they combine. Here, we report a remarkably simple additive rule that governs how these diverse object attributes combine in vision. The perceived dissimilarity between two objects was accurately explained as a sum of (a) spatially tuned local contour-matching processes modulated by part decomposition; (b) differences in internal details, such as texture; (c) differences in emergent attributes, such as symmetry; and (d) differences in global properties, such as orientation or overall configuration of parts. Our results elucidate an enduring question in object vision by showing that the whole object is not a sum of its parts but a sum of its many attributes.

Dinámica de malezas en los cultivos de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. Rev. 82 y habichuela (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. Harvester

El ensayo fue realizado en la época de postrera de 1987 en la estación experimental Raúl González del valle de Sébaco, situada a 457 m.s.n.m con latitud 12º 54 norte y una longitud de 86º 11 oeste. Los factores estudiado fueron A (cultivo); a1-frijol. A2 Habichuela. El factor (control); b1 Alachlor 1t/Ha en pre –emergencia, b2- Control con azadón en V3/V4 y b3-limpias a los 23 y 50 días después de la siembre. El frijol se sembró a 0.4m entre hilera dejando 20 semillas por medio lineal y la habichuela a 0.6 m entre hilera dejando 20 semillas por medio lineal y la habichuela a 0.6 m ente hilera y 0.1 m entre planta. La siembra se hizo el 1 de Agosto, antes de la siembra se aplicó 158 Kg / ha de la fórmula 10-30-110 ambos cultivos: el ensayo se estableció en un diseño de parcelas divididas con 4 réplicas con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de diferentes métodos de control sobre la abundancia, dominancia y dinámica de malezas; determinar la influencia de Phaseolus vulgaris L. sobre el comportamiento de las malezas. Los resultados fueron: al momento de la cosecha, el control mecánico en V3/v4 presento mayor abundancia y peso seco de malezas en frijol y habichuelas; con Alachor 1 1t/ha en pre emergencia se encontró menor abundancia en ambos cultivos. Al realizar limpias a los 23 y 50 días después de la siembra se encontró menor peso seco de malezas en el cultivo de frijol: las especies más abundantes fueron las más dominantes estos son Cyperun rotundus L. echinochloa oolonum, Digitaría sanhuinalis, Phyllancthus amarus y boerhavia erecta, en el cultivo de frijol , mientras que en habichuela las anteriores fueron las más abundantes y dominantes a excepción de Boerhavia erecta, que logro sustituirla kallstroemia máxima bajo el efecto de mayor población de phaseolus vulgaris se disminuyó la abundancia, dominancia y diversidad de especies de malezas. El cultivo de habichuela presento un 73% más de abundancia y un 57% más de dominancia de malezas que el cultivo de frijol establecido en mayor población.

Hard days and nights: hardships at work, a lack of support at home, and little or no social security combine to create a bleak future for women fishsellers in Mangalore, India

Mangalore is a port city situated in the west coast state of Karnataka in India. The city hosts both large-scale and small-scale fisheries along its coastline. Traditionally, fishermen catch the product and sell it at a daily auction in the harbour to women vendors, who thereafter transport the goods to the market for commercial sale. The trade starts early in the morning, when the fishermen return to the harbour from their nightly fishing.

Directly and parametrically excited bi-stable vibration energy harvester for broadband operation

Despite many recent advances, the wide-spread adoption of vibrational energy harvesting has been limited by the low levels of generated output power and confined operational frequency band. Recent work by the authors on parametrically excited harvesters has demonstrated over an order of magnitude power improvement. This paper presents an investigation into the simultaneous employment of both direct and parametric resonance, as well as the incorporation of bi-stability, in an attempt to further improve the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency by broadening the output power spectrum. Multiple direct and parametric resonant peaks from a multi-degree-of-freedom system were observed and an accumulative ∼10 Hz half-power bandwidth was recorded for the first 40 Hz. Real vibration data was also employed to analysis the rms power response effectiveness of the proposed system. © 2013 IEEE.

Multi-frequency operation of a mems vibration energy harvester by accessing five orders of parametric resonance

The mechanical amplification effect of parametric resonance has the potential to outperform direct resonance by over an order of magnitude in terms of power output. However, the excitation must first overcome the damping-dependent initiation threshold amplitude prior to accessing this more profitable region. In addition to activating the principal (1st order) parametric resonance at twice the natural frequency ω0, higher orders of parametric resonance may be accessed when the excitation frequency is in the vicinity of 2ω0/n for integer n. Together with the passive design approaches previously developed to reduce the initiation threshold to access the principal parametric resonance, vacuum packaging (< 10 torr) is employed to further reduce the threshold and unveil the higher orders. A vacuum packaged MEMS electrostatic harvester (0.278 mm3) exhibited 4 and 5 parametric resonance peaks at room pressure and vacuum respectively when scanned up to 10 g. At 5.1 ms-2, a peak power output of 20.8 nW and 166 nW is recorded for direct and principal parametric resonance respectively at atmospheric pressure; while a peak power output of 60.9 nW and 324 nW is observed for the respective resonant peaks in vacuum. Additionally, unlike direct resonance, the operational frequency bandwidth of parametric resonance broadens with lower damping. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

A parametrically excited vibration energy harvester

In the arena of vibration energy harvesting, the key technical challenges continue to be low power density and narrow operational frequency bandwidth. While the convention has relied upon the activation of the fundamental mode of resonance through direct excitation, this article explores a new paradigm through the employment of parametric resonance. Unlike the former, oscillatory amplitude growth is not limited due to linear damping. Therefore, the power output can potentially build up to higher levels. Additionally, it is the onset of non-linearity that eventually limits parametric resonance; hence, this approach can also potentially broaden the operating frequency range. Theoretical prediction and numerical modelling have suggested an order higher in oscillatory amplitude growth. An experimental macro-sized electromagnetic prototype (practical volume of ∼1800 cm3) when driven into parametric resonance, has demonstrated around 50% increase in half power band and an order of magnitude higher peak power density normalised against input acceleration squared (293 μW cm-3 m-2 s4 with 171.5 mW at 0.57 m s-2) in contrast to the same prototype directly driven at fundamental resonance (36.5 μW cm-3 m-2 s4 with 27.75 mW at 0.65 m s-2). This figure suggests promising potentials while comparing with current state-of-the-art macro-sized counterparts, such as Perpetuum's PMG-17 (119 μW cm-3 m-2 s4). © The Author(s) 2013.