Drifting plasma collection by a positive biased tether wire in LEO-like plasma conditions: current measurement and plasma diagnostic

BETs is a three-year project financed by the Space Program of the European Commission, aimed at developing an efficient deorbit system that could be carried on board any future satellite launched into Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The operational system involves a conductive tape-tether left bare to establish anodic contact with the ambient plasma as a giant Langmuir probe. As a part of this project, we are carrying out both numerical and experimental approaches to estimate the collected current by the positive part of the tether. This paper deals with experimental measurements performed in the IONospheric Atmosphere Simulator (JONAS) plasma chamber of the Onera-Space Environment Department. The JONAS facility is a 9- m3 vacuum chamber equipped with a plasma source providing drifting plasma simulating LEO conditions in terms of density and temperature. A thin metallic cylinder, simulating the tether, is set inside the chamber and polarized up to 1000 V. The Earth's magnetic field is neutralized inside the chamber. In a first time, tether collected current versus tether polarization is measured for different plasma source energies and densities. In complement, several types of Langmuir probes are used at the same location to allow the extraction of both ion densities and electron parameters by computer modeling (classical Langmuir probe characteristics are not accurate enough in the present situation). These two measurements permit estimation of the discrepancies between the theoretical collection laws, orbital motion limited law in particular, and the experimental data in LEO-like conditions without magnetic fields. In a second time, the spatial variations and the time evolutions of the plasma properties around the tether are investigated. Spherical and emissive Langmuir probes are also used for a more extensive characterization of the plasma in space and time dependent analysis. Results show the ion depletion because of the wake effect and the accumulation of- ions upstream of the tether. In some regimes (at large positive potential), oscillations are observed on the tether collected current and on Langmuir probe collected current in specific sites.

Bank deposits and collections (under the Uniform commercial code, October 1955)

Bibliographical footnotes

Second report of the commissioners to revise the laws for the assessment and collection of taxes in the state of New York.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Revised code of the laws of Virginia : being a collection of all such acts of the General assembly, of a public and permanent nature as are now in force; with a general indes. To which are prefixed, the constitution of the United States; the declaration of rights ; and the constitution of Virginia. Published pursuant to an act of the General assembly, entitled "An act providing for the re-publication of the laws of this commonwealth," passed March 12, 1819...

Has a supplement.

A new collection of laws, charters and local ordinances of the governments of Great Britain, France and Spain : relating to the concessions of land in their respective colonies, together with the laws of Mexico and Texas on the same subject, to which is prefixed Judge Johnson's translation of Azo and Manuel's Institutes of the civil law of Spain /

Includes index.

The law-French dictionary alphabetically digested; very useful for all young students in the common laws of England. To which is added, The law-Latin dictionary: being an alphabetical collection of such law-Latin words as are found in several authentic manuscripts, and printed books of precedents.

Caption title for v. 2 reads: The Pleader's dictionary.

The Massachusetts justice : being a collection of the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, relative to the power and duty of justices of the peace. Alphabetically arranged, in two parts. Part I.--The power and duty of the justices of the Court of General Sessions of the peace. Part II.--The power and duty of justices of the peace, in their separate capacity : to which are added, under the proper heads, a variety of forms, grounded on said laws. The whole intended for the use of those who practise in the office of justice, to assist them in their duties thereto belonging : with an appendix, containing short and concise rules for changing pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, into dollars, cents and milles, which a late law has introduced as the money of account : also, rules for computing interest in such money, and sundry useful tables respecting the same : to all which an index is annexed /

Includes index.

The history of Ceylon, from the earliest period to the year MDCCCXV; with characteristic details of the religion, laws, & manners of the people and a collection of their moral maxims & ancient proverbs.

Knox's work (first published 1681) has special t.-p. and pagination.

The evidence of his grace the Archbishop of Dublin, as taken before the Select Committee of the House of Lords, appointed to inquire into the collection and payment of tithes in Ireland, and the state of the laws relating thereto.

Mode of access: Internet.

An abstract of laws relating to the assessment and collection of taxes in the city of New York, June, 1840.

Mode of access: Internet.

The statutes at large; : being a collection of all the laws of Virginia, from the first session of the legislature, in the year 1619. : Published pursuant to an act of the General Assembly of Virginia, passed on the fifth day of February one thousand eight hundred and eight. : Volume I[-XIII]. /

Each volume contains a certification statement and an errata statement, either tipped in or printed on the title page verso.

A treatise on the game laws, and on fisheries; with an appendix. Containing all the statutes, and a copious collection of precedents.

Paging irregular, following starred paging of earlier edition, inset in the margin of the text.

Game-law, or, A collection of the common and statute laws in force and use for preservation of the game ... : likewise great variety of curious cases and resolutions of the courts at Westminster, &c. relating to game in general ... /

Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 07751.0, suppl.

Charter and bye laws, together with a list of proprietors and subscribers,the annual report of the visitors, and the regulations of the library and collection of reference.

Mode of access: Internet.

H. Campbell & Co.'s hand-book for business men; or, Legal and financial directory, containing a catalogue of responsible lawyers located in all the important cities and towns of the United States and Canada, for the collection of claims and the expeditious transaction of all legal business. Also, a list of banks and bankers, together with a compilation of laws and facts important to every business man.

Wanting: p. 55-88, 147-188.