El Clot de Galvany a Elx: dades per a un debat

En este artículo se trata de la historia reciente y de la situación a principio de los años noventa del siglo XX del Clot de Galvany, un paraje natural, entonces de propiedad privada, situado en el municipio de Elche, junto al límite del término municipal de Santa Pola, en un entorno urbanizado y construido de gran agresividad turística y especulativa. Morfológicamente se trata de una depresión del terreno inundada de forma periódica con agua dulce, lo que origina desde tiempos inmemoriales una zona húmeda de características muy particulares, con gran riqueza de fauna y flora. A principio de los años ochenta todo el paraje fue declarado edificable por el ayuntamiento, pero hubo una importante contestación popular que obligó al municipio a realizar actuaciones urbanísticas, políticas y sociales que condujeron finalmente a su regeneración y a su uso y gestión públicos.

El Clot de Galvany-Balsares: clasificación y caracterización de zonas húmedas del litoral alicantino (SE España) mediante las metodologías RAC/SPA y MEDWET

Este trabajo es el segundo de una serie de estudios que se realizó para caracterizar las comunidades vegetales presentes en ambientes litorales en el SE de la provincia de Alicante, mediante el cartografiado de zonas homogéneas y el empleo de los catálogos propuestos por el RAC-SPA y Medwet. Se han determinado 11 unidades ambientales en el sector analizado que se corresponde al Clot de Galvany y Balsares, las cuales se han descrito y se han representado en 2 mapas que permite comparar las diferencias entre ambos catálogos. De este modo, se seleccionaron 10 parcelas al azar y su vegetación fue muestreada según la metodología, basada en transectos, denominada «quadrat technique» y se identificaron las diferentes especies vegetales en el campo. Por otro lado, la medida de la cobertura vegetal total también fue tomada según la metodología de «Braun Blanquet». Se han empleado los programas informáticos CartaLinx® y ArcView® para el cartografiado de las unidades vegetales. Así, la finalidad de este trabajo es proporcionar una serie de herramientas técnicas para poder garantizar la gestión sostenible de la compleja situación de la zona de estudio, así como de sus recursos naturales.

Controlling whole blood activation and resultant clot properties on various material surfaces : a possible therapeutic approach for enhancing bone healing

Injured bone initiates the healing process by forming a blood clot at the damaged site. However, in severe damage, synthetic bone implants are used to provide structural integrity and restore the healing process. The implant unavoidably comes into direct contact with whole blood, leading to a blood clot formation on its surface. Despite this, most research in bone tissue engineering virtually ignores the important role of a blood clot in supporting healing. Surface chemistry of a biomaterial is a crucial property in mediating blood-biomaterials interactions, and hence the formation of the resultant blood clot. Surfaces presenting mixtures of functional groups carboxyl (–COOH) and methyl (–CH3) have been shown to enhance platelet response and coagulation activation, leading to the formation of fibrin fibres. In addition, it has been shown that varying the compositions of these functional groups and the length of alkyl groups further modulate the immune complement response. In this study, we hypothesised that a biomaterial surface with mixture of –COOH/–CH3(methyl), –CH2CH3 (ethyl) or –(CH2)3CH3 (butyl) groups at different ratios would modulate blood coagulation and complement activation, and eventually tailor the structural and functional properties of the blood clot formed on the surface, which subsequently impacts new bone formation. Firstly, we synthesised a series of materials composed of acrylic acid (AA), and methyl (MMA), ethyl (EMA) or butyl methacrylates (BMA) at different ratios and coated on the inner surfaces of incubation vials. Our surface analysis showed that the amount of –COOH groups on the surface coatings was lower than the ratios of AA prepared in the materials even though the surface content of –COOH groups increased with increasing in AA ratios. It was indicated that the surface hydrophobicity increased with increasing alkyl chain length: –CH 3 > –CH2CH3 > –(CH2)3CH3, and decreased with increasing –COOH groups. No significant differences in surface hydrophobicity was found on surfaces with –CH3 and –CH2CH3 groups in the presence of –COOH groups. The material coating was as smooth as uncoated glass and without any major flaws. The average roughness of material-coated surface (3.99 ± 0.54 nm) was slightly higher than that of uncoated glass surface (2.22 ± 0.29 nm). However, no significant differences in surface average roughness was found among surfaces with the same functionalities at different –COOH ratios nor among surfaces with different alkyl groups but the same –COOH ratios. These suggested that the surface functional groups and their compositions had a combined effect on modulating surface hydrophobicity but not surface roughness. The second part of our study was to investigate the effect of surface functional groups and their compositions on blood cascade activation and structural properties of the formed clots. It was found that surfaces with –COOH/–(CH2)3CH3 induced a faster coagulation activation than those with –COOH/–CH3 and –CH2CH3, regardless of the –COOH ratios. An increase in –COOH ratios on –COOH/–CH3 and –CH2CH3 surfaces decreased the rate of activation. Moreover, all material-coated surfaces markedly reduced the complement activation compared to uncoated glass surfaces, and the pattern of complement activation was entirely similar to that of surface-induced coagulation, suggesting there is an interaction between two cascades. The clots formed on material-coated surfaces had thicker fibrin with a tighter network at the exterior when compared to uncoated glass surfaces. Compared to the clot exteriors, thicker fibrins with a loose network were found in clot interiors. Coated surfaces resulted in more rigid clots with a significantly slower fibrinolysis after 1 h of lysis when compared to uncoated glass surfaces. Significant differences in fibrinolysis after 1 h of lysis among clots on material-coated surfaces correlated well with the differences in fibrin thickness and density at clot exterior. In addition, more growth factors were released during clot formation than during clot lysis. From an intact clot, there was a correlation between the amount of PDGF-AB release and fibrin density. Highest amount of PDGF-AB was released from clots formed on surfaces with 40% –COOH/60% –CH 3 (i.e. 65MMA). During clot lysis, the release of PDGF-AB also correlated with the fibrinolytic rate while the release of TGF-â1 was influenced by the fibrin thickness. This suggested that different clot structures led to different release profiles of growth factors in clot intact and degrading stages. We further validated whether the clots formed on material-coatings provide the microenvironment for improved bone healing by using a rabbit femoral defect model. In this pilot study, the implantation of clots formed on 65MMA coatings significantly increased new bone formation with enhanced chondrogenesis, osteoblasts activity and vascularisation, but decreased inflammatory macrophage number at the defects after 4 weeks when compared to commercial bone grafts ChronOSTM â-TCP granules. Empty defects were observed when blood clot formation was inhibited. In summary, our study demonstrated that surface functional groups and their relative ratios on material coatings synergistically modulate activation of blood cascades, resultant fibrin architecture, rigidity, susceptibility to fibrinolysis as well as growth factor release of the formed clots, which ultimately alter the healing microenvironment of injured bones.

Controlling whole blood activation and resultant clot properties by carboxyl and alkyl functional groups on material surfaces : a possible therapeutic approach for enhancing bone healing

Most research virtually ignores the important role of a blood clot in supporting bone healing. In this study, we investigated the effects of surface functional groups carboxyl and alkyl on whole blood coagulation, complement activation and blood clot formation. We synthesised and tested a series of materials with different ratios of carboxyl (–COOH) and alkyl (–CH3, –CH2CH3 and –(CH2)3CH3) groups. We found that surfaces with –COOH/–(CH2)3CH3 induced a faster coagulation activation than those with –COOH/– CH3 and –CH2CH3, regardless of the –COOH ratios. An increase in –COOH ratios on –COOH/–CH3 and –CH2CH3 surfaces decreased the rate of coagulation activation. The pattern of complement activation was entirely similar to that of surface-induced coagulation. All material coated surfaces resulted in clots with thicker fibrin in a denser network at the clot/material interface and a significantly slower initial fibrinolysis when compared to uncoated glass surfaces. The amounts of platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) and transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b1) released from an intact clot were higher than a lysed clot. The release of PDGF-AB was found to be correlated with the fibrin density. This study demonstrated that surface chemistry can significantly influence the activation of blood coagulation and complement system, resultant clot structure, susceptibility to fibrinolysis as well as release of growth factors, which are important factors determining the bone healing process.

Formation of blood clot on biomaterial implants influences bone healing

The first step in bone healing is forming a blood clot at injured bones. During bone implantation, biomaterials unavoidably come into direct contact with blood, leading to a blood clot formation on its surface prior to bone regeneration. Despite both situations being similar in forming a blood clot at the defect site, most research in bone tissue engineering virtually ignores the important role of a blood clot in supporting healing. Dental implantology has long demonstrated that the fibrin structure and cellular content of a peri-implant clot can greatly affect osteoconduction and de novo bone formation on implant surfaces. This paper reviews the formation of a blood clot during bone healing in related to the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gels. It is implicated that PRP gels are dramatically altered from a normal clot in healing, resulting conflicting effect on bone regeneration. These results indicate that the effect of clots on bone regeneration depends on how the clots are formed. Factors that influence blood clot structure and properties in related to bone healing are also highlighted. Such knowledge is essential for developing strategies to optimally control blood clot formation, which ultimately alter the healing microenvironment of bone. Of particular interest are modification of surface chemistry of biomaterials, which displays functional groups at varied composition for the purpose of tailoring blood coagulation activation, resultant clot fibrin architecture, rigidity, susceptibility to lysis, and growth factor release. This opens new scope of in situ blood clot modification as a promising approach in accelerating and controlling bone regeneration.

Influence of interleukin-1 beta on platelet-poor plasma clot formation: A potential impact on early bone healing

Objectives Hematoma quality (especially the fibrin matrix) plays an important role in the bone healing process. Here, we investigated the effect of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) on fibrin clot formation from platelet-poor plasma (PPP). Methods Five-milliliter of rat whole-blood samples were collected from the hepatic portal vein. All blood samples were firstly standardized via a thrombelastograph (TEG), blood cell count, and the measurement of fibrinogen concentration. PPP was prepared by collecting the top two-fifths of the plasma after centrifugation under 400 × g for 10min at 20°C. The effects of IL-1β cytokines on artificial fibrin clot formation from PPP solutions were determined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy (CM), turbidity, and clot lysis assays. Results The lag time for protofibril formation was markedly shortened in the IL-1β treatment groups (243.8 ± 76.85 in the 50 pg/mL of IL-1β and 97.5 ± 19.36 in the 500 pg/mL of IL-1β) compared to the control group without IL-1β (543.8 ± 205.8). Maximal turbidity was observed in the control group. IL-1β (500 pg/mL) treatment significantly decreased fiber diameters resulting in smaller pore sizes and increased density of the fibrin clot structure formed from PPP (P < 0.05). The clot lysis assay revealed that 500 pg/mL IL-1β induced a lower susceptibility to dissolution due to the formation of thinner and denser fibers. Conclusion IL-1β can significantly influence PPP fibrin clot structure, which may affect the early bone healing process.

L'escola activa de pares del Clot, una experiència engrescadora. 'La escuela activa de padres del Clot, una experiencia entusiasmadora'.

Resumen de los autores en catalán

Santa Pola - Guardamar del Segura - Torrevieja - Torre del Moro : itinerario geológico de los alumnos del Instituto de Elche (Alicante).

Se adjuntan fotografías comentadas del litoral de la zona

'No hay en estudio ningún Plan de Reforma de la Enseñanza Media' : declaraciones del Profesor Lora Tamayo durante su estancia en Elche, en las fiestas del 'Misteri'.

Reproducción de la entrevista que concedió el Ministro de Educación Nacional, Profesor Lora Tamayo, durante su estancia en Elche en las fiestas del 'Misterio'. En sus declaraciones, desmintió los rumores acerca de la creación un plan de reforma en la Enseñanza Media. Habló sobre el precio de los libros de texto, la creación de nuevas Universidades en diversas capitales y cerró la entrevista expresando su opinión sobre la fiesta del 'Misterio'.

Els eixos transversals a l'educació infantil : l'EMB Roure-Clot aposta pels valors. 'Los ejes transversales de la educación infantil : el EMB Roure-Clot apuesta por los valores'.

Resumen basado en el del autor

Una experiencia en agrupamientos flexibles : 'El Palmeral' (Elche).

Se expone una experiencia de innovación sobre agrupamiento flexible en unas estructuras de gran grupo, grupo coloquial, equipos y corrillos, diálogos simultáneos, autónomo, de dos cursos y setenta y dos alumnos con un solo profesor de quinto de EGB del colegio El Palmeral de Helche. Ocasionalmente participa un alumno de tercer curso de la Escuela Normal como monitor, observador y evaluador. Las áreas programadas son Lengua Matemáticas y Geografía. Se hace una descripción del proceso y se finaliza con unas reflexiones.

Decreto de 27 de julio de 1943 por el que se declara jardín artístico el palmeral de las inmediaciones de Elche (Alicante).

Transcripción del Decreto de julio de 1943 a través del cual se declara jardín artístico al palmeral de las inmediaciones de Elche, en Alicante. Por sus características tan singulares, se considera un espacio único digno de protección y reserva, por lo que se decide que su tutela pase a manos del Ministerio de Educación Nacional y al amparo de la Ley del Tesoro Artístico.

Fomento de la lectura en el IES La Asunción de Elche.

Monográfico con el título: 'La lectura prioridad educativa: todos hacemos lectores'. Resumen tomado de la publicación

La biblioteca escolar com a centre d'aprenentatge a l'educaci?? secund??ria : l'experi??ncia de l'Escola T??cnica Professional del Clot

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n