80 resultados para Clemencia


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UANL

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At head of title: Cuentos de invierno

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Contiene: T. I

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El programa de clemencia consiste en perdonar la multa a la primera empresa que aporte pruebas sobre las prácticas monopolísticas. Se pone en marcha en Europa en el año 2001 con unos resultados superiores a los previstos. En este trabajo se analiza el programa de clemencia comenzando por el ámbito europeo, continuando con el estatal y acabando en el territorio vasco. Se estudian en profundidad los distintos organismos encargados de velar por el buen uso de la competencia y a su vez se analizan las multas que dichos organismos han impuesto a lo largo del tiempo mediante este programa. Se incluye una interesante y clarificadora entrevista con la presidenta de la Autoridad Vasca de la Competencia. Se prosigue con el análisis del programa de clemencia en referencia al ”dilema del prisionero” original, con sus diferencias y similitudes y se concluye con datos que avalan el buen funcionamiento del programa finalizando con una pequeña reflexión personal.

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Objective Child maltreatment is a problem that has longer recognition in the northern hemisphere and in high-income countries. Recent work has highlighted the nearly universal nature of the problem in other countries but demonstrated the lack of comparability of studies because of the variations in definitions and measures used. The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect has developed instrumentation that may be used with cross-cultural and cross-national benchmarking by local investigators. Design and sampling The instrument design began with a team of expert in Brisbane in 2004. A large bank of questions were subjected to two rounds of Delphi review to develop the fielded version of the instrument. Convenience samples included approximately 120 parent respondents with children under the age of 18 in each of six countries (697 total). Results This paper presents an instrument that measures parental behaviors directed at children and reports data from pilot work in 6 countries and 7 languages. Patterns of response revealed few missing values and distributions of responses that generally were similar in the six countries. Subscales performed well in terms of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha in very good range (0.77–0.88) with the exception of the neglect and sex abuse subscales. Results varied by child age and gender in expected directions but with large variations among the samples. About 15% of children were shaken, 24% hit on the buttocks with an object, and 37% were spanked. Reports of choking and smothering were made by 2% of parents. Conclusion These pilot data demonstrate that the instrument is well tolerated and captures variations in, and potentially harmful forms of child discipline. Practice implications The ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool – Parent Version (ICAST-P) has been developed as a survey instrument to be administered to parents for the assessment of child maltreatment in a multi-national and multi-cultural context. It was developed with broad input from international experts and subjected to Dephi review, translation, and pilot testing in six countries. The results of the Delphi study and pilot testing are presented. This study demonstrates that a single instrument can be used in a broad range of cultures and languages with low rates of missing data and moderate to high internal consistency.

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Objective To develop a child victimization survey among a diverse group of child protection experts and examine the performance of the instrument through a set of international pilot studies. Methods The initial draft of the instrument was developed after input from scientists and practitioners representing 40 countries. Volunteers from the larger group of scientists participating in the Delphi review of the ICAST P and R reviewed the ICAST C by email in 2 rounds resulting in a final instrument. The ICAST C was then translated and back translated into six languages and field tested in four countries using a convenience sample of 571 children 12–17 years of age selected from schools and classrooms to which the investigators had easy access. Results The final ICAST C Home has 38 items and the ICAST C Institution has 44 items. These items serve as screeners and positive endorsements are followed by queries for frequency and perpetrator. Half of respondents were boys (49%). Endorsement for various forms of victimization ranged from 0 to 51%. Many children report violence exposure (51%), physical victimization (55%), psychological victimization (66%), sexual victimization (18%), and neglect in their homes (37%) in the last year. High rates of physical victimization (57%), psychological victimization (59%), and sexual victimization (22%) were also reported in schools in the last year. Internal consistency was moderate to high (alpha between .685 and .855) and missing data low (less than 1.5% for all but one item). Conclusions In pilot testing, the ICAST C identifies high rates of child victimization in all domains. Rates of missing data are low, and internal consistency is moderate to high. Pilot testing demonstrated the feasibility of using child self-report as one strategy to assess child victimization. Practice implications The ICAST C is a multi-national, multi-lingual, consensus-based survey instrument. It is available in six languages for international research to estimate child victimization. Assessing the prevalence of child victimization is critical in understanding the scope of the problem, setting national and local priorities, and garnering support for program and policy development aimed at child protection.

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A análise descrita nesta dissertação tem como objetivo a medida da seção de choque difrativa dσ/d|t| à energia no sistema do centro de massa de √s = 8 TeV. Os eventos usados para obter a seção de choque difrativa foram selecionados para processos de difração simples com um próton espalhado na região frontal e na região cinemática de 0,03 <|t| < 1,0 GeV e 0,03 < ξ < 0.1, usando os dados em comum obtidos em 2012 dos detectores CMS e TOTEM, o qual permite ter uma perspectiva mais detalhada do processo difrativo, devido à aceitação completa que oferece a combinação dos detectores. Os dados foram corrigidos devido à aceitação e eficiência do detector. A partir de uma parametrização exponencial da forma Ae ^Bt, o valor da inclinação do processo em que o próton espalhado é detectado em ambas as direções positiva da CMS é de B= -6,403 1,241 GeV- .