Sequenzierung mit Ant-Colony-Systemen am Beispiel Querverteil-Wagen

Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Anwendung des Ant-Colony-System (ACS) Algorithmus auf die Sequenzierung von Querverteil-Wagen in einem Lager. Wir erweitern den Basisalgorithmus der Ant-Colony-Optimierung (ACO) für die Minimierung der Bearbeitungszeit einer Menge von Fahraufträgen für die Querverteil-Wagen. Im Vergleich zu dem Greedy-Algorithmus ist der ACO-Algorithmus wettbewerbsfähig und schnell. In vielen Lagerverwaltungssystemen werden die Fahraufträge nach dem FIFO-Prinzip (First-in-First-out) ausgeführt. In diesem Beitrag wird der ACO-Algorithmus genutzt, um eine optimale Sequenz der Fahraufträge zu bilden.

Avaliação por imagem nos candidatos ao implante coclear: correlação radiológico-cirúrgica

No pré-operatório da cirurgia de Implante Coclear (IC) o estudo por imagem adquire importância fundamental, proporcionando ao cirurgião segurança na indicação e realização da cirurgia. A avaliação ideal compreende a associação entre Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) e Ressonância Nuclear Magnética (RNM). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia dos exames de imagem como preditores de possíveis complicações durante o ato cirúrgico. Desenho do Estudo: Corte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados por prontuários, 104 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de IC de maio de 2003 a outubro de 2006. Estes passaram por uma seleção multidisciplinar pré-operatória, e radiológica por TC associada ou não à RNM. RESULTADOS: Excluiu-se 4 pacientes sem registro de exames radiológicos, resultando 100 pacientes. Estes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo A (TC) apresentou acurácia 69,69%, sensibilidade 36,36%; especificidade 86,36%; Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) 57,14%; Valor Preditivo Negativo (VPN) 73,07% e o B (TC e RNM) acurácia 80,59%, sensibilidade 38,46%; especificidade 90,74%; VPP 50,0%; VPN 85,96%. CONCLUSÕES: A avaliação radiológica pré-operatória do IC mostrou-se importante, sendo capaz de identificar alterações anatômicas, evitando, ou ao menos, preparando o cirurgião para possíveis complicações. Esse estudo demonstrou que a avaliação associada com TC e RNM pôde ser considerada superior à TC isoladamente.

Estudos de adsorção sobre materiais porosos e preparação de carvões mesoporosos usando como matriz argilas porosas heteroestruturadas

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido, tendo como base dois objectivos principais; a montagem e calibração de uma instalação volumétrica para estudos de adsorção e a preparação de carvões mesoporosos com base em matrizes constituídas por materiais inorgânicos mesoestruturados. Foi estudada a utilização de uma argila porosa heteroestruturada (PCH) como matriz, recorrendo ao álcool furfurílico como precursor de carvão. Alguns carvões foram preparados usando SBA-15 como matriz com o mesmo precursor de carvão ou com a sacarose. A preparação destes carvões envolveu a infiltração de um precursor de carvão nos poros da matriz, polimerização do precursor, carbonização do compósito formado, remoção da matriz com ácido fluorídrico e lavagem dos carvões obtidos. Este trabalho incidiu ainda no estudo da utilização do ácido p-toluenosulfónico como catalisador da polimerização do precursor de carvão e estudar o modo como o tipo de matriz e o número de ciclos de infiltração-polimerização afectam as características dos carvões obtidos. Os métodos de preparação dos carvões CMK-3 e CMK-5, foram seguidos conforme descritos na literatura, com o objectivo de reproduzir estas estruturas. As matrizes e os carvões foram caracterizados recorrendo à realização de isotérmicas de adsorção de azoto. Técnicas de difracção de raios X e microscopia electrónica de varrimento. A eficiência da remoção da matriz foi avaliada através da determinação do teor de cinza e a eficiência da lavagem dos carvões foi verificada através da determinação do ponto de carga zero e do teor em fluoreto. Foi verificada a eficiência dos métodos de remoção e lavagem dos carvões, bem como a reprodutibilidade do seu processo de preparação. Foi possível a preparação de carvões mesoporosos sem ser necessário o uso do catalisador, independentemente do tipo de matriz. O catalisador apenas teve impacto nos carvões preparados com dois ciclos de impregnação-polimerização, ocorrendo um aumento da mesoporosidade da amostra. Variando a amina usada na preparação da PCH (octilamina, decilamina, dodecilamina), foi possível obter carvões com propriedades textuais distintas, demonstrando a versatilidade das argilas porosas heteroestruturais como matrizes inorgânicas. Não foi possível reproduzir todas as características das amostras apresentadas na literatura, tendo-se contudo verificado a influência do método de carbonização.

Ecology of phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in rural foci of leishmaniasis in tropical Brazil

INTRODUCTION: This work aimed to study the community structure of sandflies, with regard to the richness, constancy, abundance, and monthly frequency of the species with a focus on the transmission of leishmaniasis. METHODS: The study was conducted in the rural villages of Bom Jardim and Santa Maria, situated on the edge of a tropical rain forest in the municipality of São Jose de Ribamar, Maranhão, Brazil. The phlebotomines were captured in the intradomiciles and peridomiciles of each village, with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps set in 10 homes in each village, for 1 year, once a month, from 18h to 6h. RESULTS: We collected 1,378 individuals of 16 sandfly species. The capture success rate was higher in Bom Jardim (0.61 specimens/hour/trap) than that of Santa Maria (0.35/specimens/hour/trap). The sandflies were more abundant in the peridomiciles (86.1%) and in the rainy season (77%). Five species were considered constants (occurring in more than 50% of samples), 5 accessory (25%-50%), and 6 accidental (<25%). The most abundant species were Lutzomyia longipalpis (59.7%) and L whitmani (28%). The permutation analysis showed differences between the species composition of the villages and no separation between the intradomicile and peridomicile of each village. The species that most contributed to the dissimilarity between the light traps of the 2 villages were L. longipalpis, L. whitmani, and L. evandroi, contributing to 80.8% of the variation among groups. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of richness and abundance of species and the presence of competent vectors throughout the year and around houses justify the occurrence of leishmaniasis cases reported in the area.

Sobrevida em hemodiálise crônica: estudo de uma coorte de 1.009 pacientes em 25 anos

INTRODUÇÃO: A maioria dos pacientes com doença renal crônica terminal depende de hemodiálise (HD) para a manutenção de sua vida. A análise dos fatores que influenciam na sobrevida pode auxiliar na busca contínua por melhores resultados. MÉTODOS: Analisamos 1.009 pacientes tratados por HD crônica em três unidades de diálise de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, durante 25 anos (1982-2007). RESULTADOS: A sobrevida (método de Kaplan-Meier) em 1, 2 e 5 anos foi de 91%, 84% e 64%, respectivamente. No modelo proporcional de Cox, tiveram influência estatisticamente significativa sobre o risco de mortalidade: idade ao iniciar HD (aumento de 4,5% por ano a mais; p = 0,0001), presença de diabetes (aumento de 56%; p = 0,001) e ano de início da HD (redução de 5,2% por ano mais tarde; p = 0,0001). A sobrevida foi significativamente melhor para pacientes que iniciaram HD de 1997 a 2007 do que para os que iniciaram de 1982 a 1996, tanto em diabéticos (54% versus 41% em 5 anos; p = 0,01) como não diabéticos (72% versus 65% em 5 anos; p = 0,045), embora, nestes, a idade tenha sido significativamente maior no período mais recente. CONCLUSÕES: A presença de diabete e cada ano a mais na idade determinaram risco significativamente aumentado. Cada ano subsequente do calendário trouxe um risco significativamente menor. Nos anos mais recentes, a melhora de sobrevida foi maior para pacientes diabéticos e idosos, sendo atribuída a avanços diagnósticos e terapêuticos e melhor qualidade global do programa dialítico.

Diseño de un modelo de balance social para las obras sociales de la obra salesiana del niño Jesús Proyecto de aplicación práctica

En los últimos 3 o 4 años se ha generado un debate sobre el carácter de lo público y lo privado como escenarios de construcción de la democracia y la ciudadanía. En este ámbito surge el concepto de sociedad civil como las diversas formas de expresioes y actuaciones que proyectan su acción en lo público. Las características de la sociedad civil según el profesor Guillermo Hoyos son su conformación pluralista, el compromiso con una vida más solidaria y autónoma, el desarrollo auténtico de los diversos grupos sociales y el respeto por la heterogeneidad y la diferencia

Aconselhamento aos pais de crianças com multideficiência no acompanhamento dos seus filhos

O presente estudo surge com o propósito de investigar e refletir acerca de várias dimensões que envolvem as famílias de crianças com multideficiência. Sendo este, um trabalho de projeto de inspiração autobiográfica, nasceu de uma preocupação do investigador no seu contexto profissional. Pretende recolher informação que promova uma melhoria no trabalho de parceria e colaboração com os pais de crianças com multideficiência, no sentido de os ajudar na organização e desenvolvimento dos apoios aos seus filhos. Para a realização deste estudo, o investigador optou pela utilização de uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa. Nesse sentido, foi utilizada a técnica de entrevista aos pais de duas crianças com multideficiência e também a dois docentes de educação especial com experiência nessa área. O processo de análise da informação obtida foi feito mediante a análise de conteúdo dessas mesmas entrevistas. Concluiu-se que as diferentes orientações e apoios recebidos foram eficazes para a criança mas insuficientes no aspeto económico e intervenção familiar. A articulação pais/profissionais é eficaz e importante para a vida diária. A maior preocupação destas famílias é o seu futuro e as suas expetativas estão com ele relacionadas pois desejam a promoção da autonomia. A melhoria do apoio à família é possível e necessária.

A Servidão Administrativa e o Estado Regulador: Compatibilidade com o Princípio Constitucional da Legalidade e a Limitação ao Direito Real de Propriedade

The economic changes occurred in the 90s, with the restructuring and privatization of various sectors of the economy have led to a redefinition of the State role, assuming a position of regulator and supervisor of public services in place to direct its role as straight intervenor. It is through the regulatory agencies, autarchies with special legal personality under public law, that the Regulator State will act. In this context, the first objective of this research is to analyze the legality of easements imposed by entities of the Direct Administration and Regulatory Agencies, whose execution is delegated to legal persons of private law, being those public service companies or mixed-economy societies. This examination in question the limits of servitude as a restrictive institute of property rights, observing the principles of function, supremacy of the public interests over the private ones, legality and the separation of powers. Defend the property rights like a fundamental right and your insurance as determining factor of economic development and social justice. Use the procedure in use will be the historiccomparative procedure, in order to demonstrate the legality of the public act as a maximum attempt to preserve the balance between the expansion of public services in various sectors of the economy, and the preservation of property rights, through regulation

Percepção ambiental de crianças em ambientes naturais protegidos

This study aimed at exploring and describing children s perceptions in threatened natural settings, specifically, the Rain Forest in Brazil. Several studies point to the significance of perceptions for people s pro-environmental attitudes and actions. We try to understand the person-environment interaction from an ecological perspective, and we present theoretical references for the understanding of how crucial nature is for psychological development and well-being. The children s drawings, individual interviews, discussion groups, photographies and informal and indirect sources, as teachers, brought material for the analysis. Participated in our study, carried on through a multi-method strategy, 209 children from six to eleven years old, living in the neighborhood of the Biological Reserve of Una, State of Bahia, created to protect Rain Forest fragments. The Rain Forest landscape is well portrayed in children s drawings, the vegetal elements prevailing over artificial and human elements. The figured plants and trees, however, are pointed with no precision as to their species. Most of the defined species are eatable. The children seem to be aware of the environment degradation, and of the importance of its conservation, but they describe episodes of hunting and feeding wild threatened animals. Our results indicate a utilitarian trend in the perception of living beings, in terms of their immediate usefulness for people. The multimethod approach seems to be appropriate to the complexity of the theme; the methodological strategies were well accepted by the children, offering them opportunities to express themselves. We observed how children, in different life phases, organize natural elements and processes in their drawings, and how these images relate to the local landscape. We discuss the results in the light of theoretical references of personenvironment studies and from previous investigations about children s perceptions of natural environment

Investigação da capacidade intelectiva de pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados com tumores de fossa posterior

Central Nervous System are the most common pediatric solid tumors. 60% of these tumors arise in posterior fossa, mainly in cerebellum. The first therapeutic approach is surgical resection. Malignant tumors require additional strategies - chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The increasing survival evidences that childhood brain tumors result in academic and social difficulties that compromise the quality of life of the patients. This study investigated the intellectual functioning of children between 7 to 15 years diagnosed with posterior fossa tumors and treated at CEHOPE - Recife / PE. 21 children were eligible - including 13 children with pilocytic astrocytoma (G1) who underwent only surgery resection, and eight children with medulloblastoma (G2) - submitted to surgical resection, chemotherapy and craniospinal radiotherapy. Participants were evaluated by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - WISC-III. Children of G1 scored better than children of G2. Inferential tools (Mann-Whitney Ü Test) identified significant diferences (p ≤ 0.05) between the Performance IQ (PIQ) and Processing Speed Index (PSI) as a function of treatment modality; Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), PIQ and PSI as a function of parental educational level; PIQ, FSIQ, IVP and Freedom from Distractibility (FDI) as a function of time between diagnosis and evaluation. These results showed the late and progressive impact of radiotherapy on white matter and information processing speed. Furthermore, children whose parents have higher educational level showed better intellectual performance, indicating the influence of xxii socio-cultural variables on cognitive development. The impact of cancer and its treatment on cognitive development and learning should not be underestimated. These results support the need to increase the understanding of such effects in order to propose therapeutic strategies which ensure that, in addition to the cure, the full development of children with this pathology

Os significados de ludoterapia para as protagonistas do processo: crianças em atendimento

The ludic therapy in a Phenomenological-Existential perspective is conceived as a psychotherapeutic process in which, the listening and talking, mediated by playing activities, allow the child to deal with their grief/suffering. This study is based on the need to broaden the understanding of this modality of clinical intervention by emphasizing the speech of the protagonists in the process: children in therapy. The objective was to understand the ludic therapy from the children s perspective, knowing the meanings assigned to the therapeutic process, to the psychologist and to the involvement of the children in clinical consultations. The main ideas that underlie this research are presented in three theoretical chapters covering, respectively, the suffering of children and the demand for psychotherapy, the Phenomenological-Existential clinical psychology, and the psychotherapy for children, in Brazil, under this theoretical-methodological approach. The study was qualitative, on a phenomenological basis, and included six children as participants, aged between six and ten years, undergoing ludic therapy for at least six months, and referred by their own therapists. In the research s corpus construction, individual meetings were held and mediated by tools to support expressiveness (ludic and pictures/figures boxes), added by the storytelling of an incomplete story about a child s visit to the therapy session, and the request for the elaboration of a message to be passed to a child who will go to see a psychologist. The analysis of the data was based on a variant of the phenomenological method proposed by Amedeo Giorgi. The results reveal a lack of knowledge by the children about the psychologist s activities. Thus, the children develop fantasies about this intervention modality because of lack of information. These observations are consistent with the historical meanings assigned to clinical psychology, involving ideas of normality and guilt. The meanings associated with the motives for a referral to a psychologist highlight the conflict "be a problem versus having a problem" and an elitist conception of clinical psychology. Children understand the characteristics of the therapeutic process, such as the specifics of the therapist-client relationship and the notion of freedom. They also demonstrate remarkable pleasure in the therapeutic process. Finally, it was concluded that the meanings attributed to the ludic therapy by the children are consistent with that proposed in the literature about the children s psychotherapy process in the Phenomenological-Existential perspective. Moreover, the relevance of both the children s experience in the therapeutic setting and the meanings of these proceedings understood by the children are highlighted by the listening to the protagonists in the ludic therapeutic process. The comprehension of these aspects and their transference from the clients experience to the reflective field, promote advances in the understanding of child psychotherapy and indicate the need for further studies with children using this approach.

Processo argumentativo na (re)significação de concepções ético/morais

This study analysed the relationship between the production of argumentative discourses and the development and (re)signification of ethical/moral concepts, conceptions and reasoning. It focused on ethical-argumentative reasoning concerning other people and their different points of view. The specific aims of this research were: (1) to investigate the considering alternative positions on adolescents previous views on a specific topic; (2) to verify whether the ability to generate counterarguments was associated with higher levels of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg theory, and (3) to have a better comprehension of a possible relationship between adolescents abilities to use cognitive and verbal-argumentative strategies and the (re) signification of concepts/beliefs of an ethical/moral nature, and also the solution of conflicts of the same nature. The participants in this study were seventh grade students of private and public schools. Four empirical tasks were used in order to evaluate argumentative and moral reasoning. These tasks focused on: the evaluation of moral dilemmas (DIT); the evaluation of moral dilemmas with the presentation of a written justification for subjects responses; the production of arguments and the reaction to counterarguments. There was also a group-debate situation in which both argumentation and the discussion ethical/moral issues were observed. The moral dilemmas tasks aimed to evaluate the level of moral reasoning of the participants. The argumentation tasks investigated whether the adolescents generated and justified a point of view and how they dealt with counterarguments or alternative information which could lead the participants to modify their initial positions on the topic under discussion in a monological situation as well as in a group-debate setting. The results showed that, in a monological situation, most of the adolescents produced only a partial developed argumentative discourse, whereas in a more social-verbal interaction situation their discourse appeared to be more elaborated. As a general result, it was observed that the confrontation with the other s views, or dealing with counterarguments allow the adolescents to re-evaluate and re-elaborate their own views on a debatable topic. Regarding the relationship between counterargumentation and moral reasoning, it was verified that there was a subtle tendency associating the two processes. However, other factors, such as, social, emotional and cultural aspects might also influence the development of moral reasoning

Dados normativos do teste de atenção por cancelamento em estudantes de Natal/RN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Efeito da inflamação do tornozelo sobre as características histológicas, a expressão gênica e níveis da creatina cinase nos músculos sóleo e tibial anterior de ratos diabéticos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Capacidade jurídica internacional dos municípios

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC