1000 resultados para Ciclo Celular


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La poliaminas son moléculas esenciales para el crecimiento, diferenciación y transformación celular. Se encuentran presentes en todo tipo de células y sus niveles endógenos están perfectamente controlados. Estudios recientes indican que los niveles de la arginina regularían el metabolismo de las poliaminas putrescina y espermidina. Este aminoácido produce óxido nítrico (ON), segundo mensajero implicado en la respuesta inmune, en la neurotransmisión y en el proceso inflamatorio. En este tipo de trabajo se propone desarrollar un sistema de detección para determinar la concentración de ON en tiempos cortos que permita conocer su relación con el metabolismo de las poliaminas. Por otra parte, el papel específico de las poliaminas en la regulación del ciclo celular es desconocido y en nuestro laboratorio se está estudiando el rol de estas moléculas en el ciclo de células normales y malignas; se propone determinar la expresión de la ciclina D1 a lo largo de este ciclo y su implicancia en situaciones de carencia de poliaminas endógenas. También se han relacionado a las poliaminas con la apoptosis o muerte celular programada (MCP), por lo que se intentará estudiar las variaciones durante el ciclo celular de la MCP de células normales y malignas y su relación a las poliaminas. Los resultados de estos estudios ampliarán el conocimiento del rol de las poliaminas y permitirá diseñar experimentos utilizando inhibidores de estas moléculas como anticancerígenos. Desde el punto de vista biotecnológico, el sistema detección de ON posibilitará determinar su concentración en tiempos cortos, aportando información de su rol metabólico. Esta metodología podrá aplicarse en otros sistemas.

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The chemotherapy agents against cancer may be classified as "cell cycle-specific" or "cell cycle-nonspecific". Nevertheless, several of them have their biological activity related to any kind of action on DNA such as: antimetabolic agents (DNA synthesis inhibition), inherently reactive agents (DNA alkylating electrophilic traps for macromolecular nucleophiles from DNA through inter-strand cross-linking - ISC - alkylation) and intercalating agents (drug-DNA interactions inherent to the binding made due to the agent penetration in to the minor groove of the double helix). The earliest and perhaps most extensively studied and most heavily employed clinical anticancer agents in use today are the DNA inter-strand cross-linking agents.

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The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be both beneficial to cells, performing functions in intracellular signaling and detrimental, modifying cellular biomolecules. ROS can cause DNA damage, such as base damage and strand breaks. Organisms respond to chromosome insults by activation of a complex and hierarchical DNA-damage response pathway. The extent of DNA damages determines cell fate: cell cycle arrest and DNA repair or cell death. The ATM is a central protein in the response to DNA double-strand breaks by acting as a transducer protein. Collected evidences suggest that ATM is also involved in the response to oxidative DNA damage.

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Ecteinascidina 743 (ET-743) é uma nova droga isolada de um tunicado marinho, a Ecteinascidia turbinata, que está na fase III dos estudos clínicos por sua marcada atividade anticâncer. Apesar de seu mecanismo de ação não estar completamente elucidado, tem sido demonstrado que a ET-743 se liga ao DNA formando adutos covalentes com o N2 da guanina. Além disso, a ET-743 tem sido relatada como potente inibidora da transcrição. No presente estudo, utilizou-se como modelo para a investigação dos efeitos antiproliferativos deste composto a linhagem celular derivada de glioblastoma humano, U-251 MG. Uma vez que o foco principal de atenção nos estudos sobre o mecanismo de ação da ET-743 esteja concentrado em suas interações com o DNA, a autora buscou avaliar outros aspectos de sua atividade antiproliferativa, quais sejam, o seu efeito sobre a distribuição das células no ciclo celular, sobre a atividade de enzimas associadas ao processo de apoptose, bem como sobre o conteúdo celular da proteína Hsp70. Em incubações de 0,5 nM por 48 h, a ET-743 causou um significante acúmulo das células na fase G2M do ciclo celular, o mesmo ocorrendo com doses mais elevadas (1,0 e 1,5) e incubações mais prolongadas (72 h). A ET-743 induziu morte celular dose-dependente e este efeito foi significativamente prevenido pelo inibidor de caspases z-VAD-fmk. Contudo, não foi observado aumento significativo nos níveis de Hsp70 após tratamento com ET-743. Considerando que alta expressão de Hsp70 é um dos principais mecanismos de proteção das células em condições de estresse, incluindo-se o tratamento com drogas citotóxicas, a não elevação de seus níveis na presença da ET-374 pode estar, ao menos em parte, relacionada à citotoxicidade produzida por este agente na linhagem estudada.

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy in oral cavity and human papillomavirus (HPV) may have an important role in its development. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the HPV DNA and viral types in 90 cases of OSCC. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the cases of OSSC with and without HPV DNA was performed by using cell cycle markers p21 and pRb in order to detect a possible correlation of these proteins and HPV infection. DNA was extracted from paraffin embedded tissue and amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with primers PCO3+ e PCO4+ for a fragment of human β-globin gene. After this procedure, PCR for HPV DNA detection was realized using a pair of generic primers GP5+ e GP6+. Immunohistochemical study was performed by streptoavidin-biotin technique and antibodies against p21 and pRb proteins were employed. Eighty-eight cases were positive for human β-globin gene and HPV DNA was found in 26 (29.5%) of then. It could not be detected significant correlation between HPV and age, sex and anatomical sites of the lesion. The most prevalent viral type was HPV 18 (80.8%). Regarding the immunohistochemical analysis, it was detected significant association between HPV presence and pRb immunoexpression (p=0,044), nevertheless, the same was not observed in relation to p21 protein (p =0,416). It can be concluded that the low detection of HPV DNA in OSCC by the present experiment suggests a possible role of the virus in the development and progression in just a subset of this disease

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Gliomas são os mais comuns e devastadores tumores primários do sistema nervoso central. Nucleotídeos extracelulares estão envolvidos em diversos processos patofisiológicos no sistema nervoso central. Os níveis dos nucleotídeos da adenina podem ser controlados por hidrólise através da ação de vários membros da família das ectonucleotidases. O AMP formado pelas NTPDases é hidrolizado até adenosina por ação da ecto-5’-nucleotidase (ecto-5’-NT). A enzima ciclooxigenase (COX) está surgindo como um novo alvo na prevenção e no tratamento do câncer, sendo que substanciais evidências epidemiológicas, experimentais e clínicas sugerem que os antiinflamatórios não-esteróides (AINEs) possuem propriedades anticâncer. Vários estudos têm demonstrado que certos AINEs causam efeitos antiproliferativos independentes da atividade da COX. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos AINEs em linhagens celulares de gliomas e os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos neste efeito e avaliar a influência da indometacina na cascata de enzimas que catalisam a interconversão dos nucleotídeos. Indometacina, acetaminofeno, sulfeto de sulindaco e NS-398 induziram uma inibição da proliferação celular de modo tempo e dose dependente. Indometacina causou uma redução significativa na viabilidade celular. Nenhum dos AINEs testados induziu ativação de caspase 3/7. O tratamento com indometacina diminuiu a percentagem de células na fase S, com um aumento relativo nas fases G0/G1 e/ou G2/M, indicando uma parada na progressão do ciclo celular. A exposição de células de glioma à indometacina causou um aumento nas hidrólises de AMP e ATP. Um aumento significativo nos níveis de mRNA da ecto-5’-NT/CD73 foi observado após tratamento com indometacina Estes resultados suportam a hipótese que o aumento na atividade da ecto-5’-NT está relacionado com a superexpressão do mRNA com possíveis alterações no catabolismo das purinas extracelulares. Os dados sugerem ainda que o receptor A3 e a enzima ecto-5’-NT estão envolvidos no efeito antiproliferativo da indometacina nas linhagens celulares de gliomas. Considerando que a via das ectonucleotidases pode representar um importante mecanismo associado com a transformação maligna dos gliomas, os AINEs podem ser clinicamente importantes na intervenção farmacológica deste tipo de tumor.

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Cancer is a term used to represent a set of more than 100 diseases, including malignant tumors from different locations. The malignancies are the second leading cause of death in the population, representing approximately 17% of deaths of known cause. Strategies that induce differentiation have had limited success in the treatment of established cancers. In this work, a lectin purified from the marine sponge Cinachyrella apion (CaL) was evaluated due to its hemolytic, cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties, besides the ability to induce cell death via apoptosis in tumor cells. The antiproliferative activity of CaL was tested against cell lines, with the highest inhibition of tumor growth for HeLa, reducing cell growth at a dose dependent manner, with a concentration of 10 μg/mL. The hemolytic activity and toxicity against peripheral blood cells were tested using the concentration of IC50 for both trials and twice the IC50 for analysis in flow cytometry, indicating that CaL is not toxic to these cells. To assess the mechanism of cell death caused by CaL in HeLa cells, we performed flow cytometry and western blotting. The results showed the lectin probably induces cell death by apoptosis activation by pro-apoptotic protein Bax, promoting mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, cell cycle arrest in S phase, with accumulation of cells of approximately 57% in this phase, and acting as both dependent and/or independent of caspases pathway. These results suggest that CaL has the potential to be used as drug treatment against cancer.

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Heparin is a pharmaceutical animal widely used in medicine due to its potent anticoagulant effect. Furthermore, it has the ability to inhibit the proliferation, invasion and adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelium. However, its clinical applicability can be compromised by side effects such as bleeding. Thus, the search for natural compounds with low bleeding risk and possible therapeutic applicability has been targeted by several research groups. From this perspective, this study aims to evaluate the hemorrhagic and anticoagulant activities and citotoxic effect for different tumor cell lines (HeLa, B16-F10, HepG2, HS-5,) and fibroblast cells (3T3) of the Heparin-like from the crab Chaceon fenneri (HEP-like). The HEP-like was purified after proteolysis, ion-exchange chromatography, fractionation with acetone and characterized by electrophoresis (agarose gel) and enzymatic degradation. Hep-like showed eletroforetic behavior similar to mammalian heparin, and high trisulfated /Nacetylated disaccharides ratio. In addition, HEP-like presented low in vitro anticoagulant activity using aPTT and a minor hemorrhagic effect when compared to mammalian heparin. Furthermore, the HEP-like showed significant cytotoxic effect (p<0.001) on HeLa, HepG2 and B16-F10 tumor cells with IC50 values of 1000 ug/mL, after incubation for 72 hours. To assess the influence of heparin-like on the cell cycle in HeLa cells, analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The results of this analysis showed that HEP-like influence on the cell cycle increasing S phase and decreasing phase G2. Thus, these properties of HEP-like make these compounds potential therapeutic agents

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The putative translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is a highly abundant and conserved protein in all eukaryotes and archaebacteria. This factor is essential for cell viability and is the only cellular protein known to contain the unusual amino acid residue hypusine. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae eIF5A is expressed in aerobic conditions by the gene TIF51A. Although eIF5A has been known for almost 30 years, the biological role of this protein is still obscure. This article reviews the research on the function of eIF5A, discussing the evidence for its involvement in various steps of mRNA metabolism, including translation initiation, nucleocytoplasmic transport and mRNA decay. Moreover, it indicates other studies that have associated eIF5A with cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Finally, this review presents recent results obtained in our laboratory that reemphasize the role of eIF5A in the translation scenario. Further experiments will be necessary to define the role played by eIF5A in the translational machinery.