Christiern II:s arkiv. I. Handlingar rörande Severin Norby och de under hans ledning stående krigsföretagen mot Sverige,

Mode of access: Internet.

Biographisch-historische Studien,

1. Bd. Sir Walter Raleigh. Die Liebe Pfalzgraf Friedrichs III. und Leonorens von Oesterreich. König Christiern II., das Täublein von Amsterdam und Mutter Sigbrit. Giulio Cesare (Lucilio) Vanini. Die aqua tofana in Rom unter Papst Alexander VII. und der Todtengräber zu Gürau in Nieder-Schlesien. Nachtrag zur Biographie Walter Raleighs.--2. Bd. Historische Parallelen und Zeitstimmen, Belgien und die Belgier betreffend. Zur Geschichte des Lebens, des Charakters und der Regierung König Wilhelms I. der Niederlande. Die Ereignisse zu Brüssel im September 1830. Bruchstücke einer Biographie des Demosthenes. Ferdinand Wanker, Professor der Moral und designirter Erzbischof von Freiburg. Habsburg; die Schicksale der Burg und des Geschlechts in gedrängtem Umriss. Stefano Porcaro. Vittoria Accoramboni. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Meerfahrt König Phillipps des Schönen im Jahr 1500. Floris von Montmorency, Herr von Montigny.

Krøniker fra Kong Kristian den Andens tid /

Mode of access: Internet.

Excursions in Denmark, Norway and Sweden : including notices of the public opinion in those countries and anecdotes of their courts /

Mode of access: Internet.

Awareness of sunburn in childhood, use of sunbeds and change of moles in Denmark, Northern Ireland, Norway and Sweden

Background: Malignant melanoma (MM) is increasing rapidly in Northern Europe. To reduce incidence and mortality through earlier diagnosis, public awareness of MM is important. Thus, we aim to examine awareness of risk factors and a symptom of MM, and how awareness varies by country and socio-demographic factors in Denmark, Northern Ireland (NI), Norway and Sweden.

Methods: Population-based telephone interviews using the ‘Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer’ measure were conducted in 2011 among 8355 adults ≥50 years as part of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership Module 2. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results: In these four countries, lowest awareness was found for ‘sunburn in childhood’ (63%), whereas awareness was high for ‘use of sunbeds’ (91%) and ‘mole change’ (97%). Lack of awareness of ‘sunburn in childhood’ was more prevalent among respondents from Norway [PR = 1.38 (1.28–1.48)] but less prevalent among respondents from Northern Ireland (NI) [PR = 0.78 (0.72–0.85)] and Sweden [PR = 0.86 (0.79–0.93)] compared with respondents from Denmark. Lack of awareness of ‘use of sunbeds’ was more prevalent among respondents from Norway [PR = 2.99 (2.39–3.74)], Sweden [PR = 1.57 (1.22–2.00)], and NI [PR = 1.65 (1.30–2.10)] compared with respondents form Denmark. Being a man, age ≥70, living alone, and having lower education, were each independently associated with lack of MM-awareness.

Conclusions: The results indicate relatively low awareness of ‘sunburn in childhood’ as a risk factor for MM, and important disparities in MM-awareness across countries and socio-demographic groups. Improved and more directed initiatives to enhance public MM-awareness, particularly about ‘sunburn in childhood’, are needed.

A queen of tears, Caroline Matilda, queen of Denmark and Norway and princess of Great Britain and Ireland.

"List of authorities": v. 2. p. 327-329.

Nature of chemistry in the national frame curricula for upper secondary education in Finland, Norway and Sweden

The aim of this study was to discover how current chemistry syllabi in the frame curricula for up- per secondary education in three Nordic countries (Finland, Norway, and Sweden) take into account topics related to the nature of chemistry. By qualitative content analysis, the statements related to the nature of chemistry were divided into categories. Conclusions and implications for improving the frame curricula under study were made by comparing results with research into the nature of science. Chemistry syllabi from the Nordic frame curricula analyzed take into account the aims related to the nature of chemistry in a very similar manner. The ideas that should be made more explicit in all of the analyzed curricula are: i) the limits of the chemical models and theories, ii) the relationship between chemistry and other natural sciences, iii) the importance of creativity in chemical research, iv) the concepts of evidence in science texts, v) the social nature of chemical research, and vi) chemistry as a technological practice.

Initial biomass and biomass change of tundra and forest plants in three herbivore treatments in Norway and Sweden

Recent Pan-Arctic shrub expansion has been interpreted as a response to a warmer climate. However, herbivores can also influence the abundance of shrubs in arctic ecosystems. We addressed these alternative explanations by following the changes in plant community composition during the last 10 years in permanent plots inside and outside exclosures with different mesh sizes that exclude either only reindeer or all mammalian herbivores including voles and lemmings. The exclosures were replicated at three forest and tundra sites at four different locations along a climatic gradient (oceanic to continental) in northern Fennoscandia. Since the last 10 years have been exceptionally warm, we could study how warming has influenced the vegetation in different grazing treatments. Our results show that the abundance of the dominant shrub, Betula nana, has increased during the last decade, but that the increase was more pronounced when herbivores were excluded. Reindeer have the largest effect on shrubs in tundra, while voles and lemmings have a larger effect in the forest. The positive relationship between annual mean temperature and shrub growth in the absence of herbivores and the lack of relationships in grazed controls is another indication that shrub abundance is controlled by an interaction between herbivores and climate. In addition to their effects on taller shrubs (> 0.3 m), reindeer reduced the abundance of lichens, whereas microtine rodents reduced the abundance of dwarf shrubs (< 0.3 m) and mosses. In contrast to short-term responses, competitive interactions between dwarf shrubs and lichens were evident in the long term. These results show that herbivores have to be considered in order to understand how a changing climate will influence tundra ecosystems.