Joseph Mainzer (1801-1851) and the popularisation of choral singing in Britain

Singing master Joseph Mainzer came to England in 1841 as a political refugee from Germany. Through his music schools, his textbook Singing for the Million, and his journal Mainzer’s Musical Times (today The Musical Times) he contributed significantly to the popularisation of choral singing in Britain. This essay takes Mainzer’s political background as a starting point to investigate the complex relationship between refuge and artistic production. It is argued that the latter was deeply informed by the former. Mainzer not only transferred choral traditions but also a politicised concept of popular culture which started to take hold in pre-revolutionary Vorma¨rz-Germany. The case study is integrated into the larger framework of Anglo-German cultural relations and political refuge in mid-nineteenth century Britain.

GOSPEL SINGING IN THE VALLEY: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE HYMNODY AND CHORAL SINGING OF THE LISU ON THE CHINA-BURMA/MYANMAR BORDER

This dissertation is an ethnomusicological study of contemporary musical practices of the Christian Lisu in Nujiang Prefecture in northwest Yunnan on the China-Myanmar border. Among all the changes that the Nujiang Lisu have experienced since the twentieth century, the spread of Protestant Christianity throughout Nujiang’s mountainous villages has existed for the longest time and had one of the greatest effects. Combining historical investigation and ethnographic description, this study uses the lens of music to examine the impact of this social change on the Lisu living in this impoverished frontier region. The Lisu characteristics have never been vital in the music written by the Christian Lisu in Nujiang. Compared with the practices described in other ethnomusicological writings on Christian music around the world that I have read, this absence of incorporation of indigenous musical elements is unusual. There are probably many other cases similar to that of the Lisu, but few ethnomusicologists have paid attention to them. I aim to elucidate this particular scenario of Lisu Christian music in relation to three social and cultural forces: the missionary legacy of conventions; the government’s identification of the Lisu as a minority nationality and its national policies toward them since the 1950s; and the transnational religious exchange between the Christian Lisu in China and Myanmar since the late 1980s. My examination focuses on two genres which the Lisu use to express their Christian beliefs today: ddoqmuq mutgguat, derived from American northern urban gospel songs, the basis of the Lisu choral singing; and mutgguat ssat, influenced by the Christian pop of the Burmese Lisu, with instrumental accompaniment and daibbit dance and preferred by the young people. Besides studying these two genres in the religious context, I also juxtapose them with other musical traditions in the overall Nujiang music soundscape and look at their role in local social interactions such as those between sacred and secular, and majority and minority. This dissertation demonstrates that the collective performances of shared repertoires have not only created a sense of affinity for the Nujiang Christian Lisu but also have reinforced the formation of Lisu transnational religious networks.

Music and shared imaginaries: nationalisms, communities, and choral singing: abstracts

Sem resumo disponível.

The ideal : a collection of new music, consisting of duets, quartets, hymn-tunes, anthems, etc., together with a full and complete course of elementary instruction : designed for singing schools, musical institutes, conventions, etc. /

Mode of access: Internet.

Teaching Sight-Reading to Undergraduate Choral Ensemble Singers: Lessons from Successful Learners

This study was designed to investigate professional choral singers’ training, perceptions on the importance of sight-reading skill in their work, and thoughts on effective pedagogy for teaching sight-reading to undergraduate choral ensemble singers. Participants in this study (N=48) included self-selected professional singers and choral conductors from the Summer 2015 Oregon Bach Festival’s Berwick Chorus and conducting Master Class. Data were gathered from questionnaire responses and audio recorded focus group sessions. Focus group data showed that the majority of participants developed proficiency in their sight-reading skills from instrumental study, aural skills classes, and through on-the-job training at a church job or other professional choral singing employment. While participants brought up a number of important job skills, sightreading was listed as perhaps the single most important skill that a professional choral singer could develop. When reading music during the rehearsal process, the data revealed two main strategies that professional singers used to interpret the pitches in their musical line: an intervallic approach and a harmonic approach. Participants marked their scores systematically to identify problem spots and leave reminders to aid with future readings, such as marking intervals, solfege syllables, or rhythmic counts. Participants reported using a variety of skills other than score marking to try to accurately find their pitches, such as looking at other vocal or instrumental lines, looking ahead, and using knowledge about a musical style or time period to make more intuitive “guesses” when sight-reading. Participants described using additional approaches when sight-reading in an audition situation, including scanning for anchors or anomalies and positive self-talk. Singers learned these sight-reading techniques from a variety of sources. Participants had many different ideas about how best to teach sight-reading in the undergraduate choral ensemble rehearsal. The top response was that sight-reading needed to be practiced consistently in order for students to improve. Other responses included developing personal accountability, empowering students, combining different teaching methods, and discussing real-life applications of becoming strong sight-readers. There was discussion about the ultimate purpose of choir at the university level and whether it is to teach musicianship skills or produce excellent performances.

Conspirando música: uma etnografia macrossociologicamente informada do conceito goffmaniano de equipe

Este trabalho é um estudo sociológico sobre o dia a dia de um grupo de indivíduos envolvidos na e pela realização conjunta e simultânea de um processo coletivo de produção, isto é, pela coordenação de ações a um só tempo com vistas a um objetivo coletivo comum. Quando se entende o coral da Escola JXa como uma equipe goffmaniana, este objetivo coletivo comum passa a ser a manutenção de uma impressão diante de um público através da produção musical. Assim, busca-se descrever aqui como os integrantes daquele coral conjugavam seus esforços para parecerem músicos apresentando músicas para uma audiência. Necessariamente, isso implica na mobilização proficiente de parâmetros culturais já estabelecidos como musicais em determinada sociedade. Deste modo, para que aquela equipe pudesse almejar a manutenção de uma impressão, seus integrantes precisariam ter aprendido a entender e a reproduzir convenções musicais. Daí a importância para a análise de se considerar a longa duração de um campo bourdieusiano. No caso do coral da Escola JXa, as convenções de produção musical eram sintetizadas pela formação SATBar, através da qual se dividia funcionalmente o coral em quatro tipos de cantores − soprano, contralto, tenor e barítono. Além desta categorização, de origem europeia e renascentista, a presença de uma regente e de um conjunto de instrumentistas também se apresentava como condicionamento histórico da produção musical daquela equipe. Assim, tenta-se entender como se construíam identidades individuais − de músicos - e coletiva − de um coral − através da atualização situacional de um cânone secular. Além disso, busca-se caracterizar as dinâmicas entre o dia a dia daquele coral e instituições macrossociais mais amplas - como a classificação heteronormativa dos gêneros −, mediadas pelas convenções musicais. Finalmente, descreve-se como se manifestava o imperativo categórico situacional dos integrantes do coral − manter-se leal à manutenção da identidade da equipe − imediatamente antes, durante e imediatamente depois das apresentações em público.

Les bénéfices du chant dans la réadaptation de l’aphasie

Les personnes ayant une aphasie, un trouble acquis du langage causé par une lésion cérébrale, parviennent temporairement à mieux prononcer des mots quand elles les chantent dans des chansons familières ou en chant choral. Dans cette thèse nous examinons comment le chant peut entrainer des bénéfices durables sur le langage et la communication de ces personnes. Deux contextes sont envisagés : (1) une thérapie chantée de l’aphasie, la Melodic intonation therapy en anglais (MIT), et (2) une activité de loisir, une chorale de personnes aphasiques. La première étude de cette thèse (Chapitre 2) est une recension critique de la variété de recherches dont la MIT a fait l’objet. Nous soutenons que plusieurs protocoles de traitement présentés sous le label MIT ne correspondent pas à la MIT originale et que les effets immédiats du chant, qui sont examinés dans des études transversales, ne devraient pas être confondus avec les effets durables, observés dans des études longitudinales. Cette grille de lecture permet de réconcilier des conclusions d’études contradictoires à propos des mécanismes de la MIT et met en évidence des questions de recherches en suspens, notamment sur la contribution relative du rythme et de la hauteur musicale dans les effets de cette thérapie, que nous traitons dans le troisième chapitre. Nous y rapportons une étude avec trois participants ayant une aphasie de Broca chronique. Trois traitements ont été comparés dans un devis en carré latin : une thérapie comportant de la parole chantée (i.e., avec rythme et hauteurs musicales) proche de la MIT originale, une thérapie équivalente avec de la parole uniquement rythmée, et une thérapie comportant de la parole normale. Puisque seule la thérapie chantée a amélioré le langage dans le discours naturel des participants, nous soutenons que le chant dans son entièreté est un élément actif de la MIT. Enfin, dans le quatrième chapitre, nous présentons la première étude de groupe contrôlée, randomisée et à simple insu tentant de déterminer si le chant pratiqué comme simple loisir peut aussi avoir un effet bénéfique dans la réadaptation de l’aphasie. Nous avons comparé les progrès en communication fonctionnelle de 17 personnes ayant différents types d’aphasies chroniques réparties dans un groupe chorale, où elles devaient participer à six mois d’activité hebdomadaire de chorale, un groupe théâtre, où elles devaient suivre un atelier de théâtre, et une liste d’attente pour ces deux activités seulement. Nos résultats ont montré une corrélation positive entre l’amélioration de la communication fonctionnelle et le nombre de présences aux activités sociales, quelles qu’elles soient, mais nous n’avons pas trouvé d’effet spécifique à l’activité de chorale. Ainsi, la pratique du chant en chorale pourrait avoir un potentiel thérapeutique général, mais pas spécifique à l’utilisation du chant. D’autres études sont toutefois nécessaires pour le confirmer. Ainsi, cette thèse soutient globalement que dans la réadaptation de l’aphasie, le chant apporte des bénéfices spécifiques sur le langage lorsqu’il est intégré dans une thérapie comme la MIT et des bénéfices comparables à d’autres activités sociales lorsqu’il est pratiqué comme activité de loisir dans une chorale.

El cant coral infantil i juvenil educa en valors, hàbits i competències

This doctoral thesis is the result of the experience, continuous practice and day to day work as head of infant and youth choirs that the candidate has developed for over more than thirty years. The motivation, the concerns and the questions formulated with regards to choral singing, have underpinned this research. The thesis has focused on the learning of values, habits and competences in order to demonstrate that singing in an infant or youth choir is educational and goes far beyond the mere act of singing in a choir. We can therefore state that education is continuous, it never comes to an end and, furthermore, it unfolds in divergent ways. In summary to show that singing in an infant or youth choir is educational in the widest possible sense.

A prática coral juvenil transitando em ambientes formais e não formais: perspectivas aplicadas à educação musical

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

«Einige Zeit aufs Singen verwendet». Musik als Kernressource dörflicher Kultur am Beispiel des schweizerischen 18. Jahrhunderts

Dealing with popular music in premodern times historical research usually focuses on so called “Volksmusik”. But already in the 18th century researchers were disappointed to find only few traces of imaginary “traditional” music in Switzerland. They unfortunately overlooked that common people kept on with their own stubborn musical culture: Beginning with the Reformation the authorities encouraged the communities to employ schoolmasters who were able to teach music. Their goal was that everybody should be able to participate in liturgical music actively. Over generations even people with no special musical talent adopted their own repertoire of psalms plus techniques of reading music and polyphonic singing. Spontaneous choral singing evolved into a common everyday practice. The most ambitious and brightest teachers even taught instrumental lessons at home on their proper pianos and chamber organs or encouraged the villagers to build new prestigious organs in their churches. The financial burden of such instruments weighted heavily on the communities. Some of them received financial support from the government, albeit unwillingly because it was obvious to the rulers that the villages just wanted to overtop each other. Homemade music was the most important issue in the cultural life of most parishes. Rich communes spent a lot of money to win the best voices on-site for their church choirs. Belonging to an elitists’ singer association paved the way to the farmer-village’s highlevel sociability.

CANTO, ENCANTO E DESENCANTO: um estudo da tensão entre a prática do Canto Coral frente às novas tendências musicais nas Igrejas Batistas na cidade de Campinas.

Nesta pesquisa desenvolvemos um estudo focado na convivência conflituosa entre a música tradicional e a música contemporânea. Foi desenvolvida em um grupo religioso protestante específico, intuindo investigar a hipótese de que há uma tensão entre a prática do Canto Coral e as novas tendências musicais representadas pelas Bandas. Como procedimento metodológico utilizamos uma pesquisa de campo que avaliou a realidade musical em algumas Igrejas Batistas de Campinas. A partir dos resultados obtidos sugerimos ações concretas à práxis pastoral. O primeiro capítulo propõe uma retrospectiva conceitual e histórica do Canto Coral, avaliando sua função antes e depois do processo da reforma e da nova mentalidade musical desenvolvida por Lutero. O segundo capítulo mostra o desenvolvimento da pesquisa realizada junto a seis Igrejas Batistas. Tenta mensurar o gosto musical dos membros dessas comunidades através de um estudo comparativo a partir dos dois pólos: Canto Coral e Banda, ambos, sendo o específico de um campo maior: Tradição e Contemporâneo. O terceiro capítulo, partindo dos impulsos obtidos, desenvolve uma visão crítica sobre os aspectos da tradição, da aceitação à novas tendências, e da tensão propriamente desenvolvida na convivência entre estilos musicais distintos. Mediante tal realidade conflituosa, apresentamos um desafio à práxis pastoral no sentido de se obter possibilidades para uma convivência musical pacífica, considerando a inserção de elementos da contemporaneidade e da tradição na liturgia Batista.

CANTO, ENCANTO E DESENCANTO: um estudo da tensão entre a prática do Canto Coral frente às novas tendências musicais nas Igrejas Batistas na cidade de Campinas.

Nesta pesquisa desenvolvemos um estudo focado na convivência conflituosa entre a música tradicional e a música contemporânea. Foi desenvolvida em um grupo religioso protestante específico, intuindo investigar a hipótese de que há uma tensão entre a prática do Canto Coral e as novas tendências musicais representadas pelas Bandas. Como procedimento metodológico utilizamos uma pesquisa de campo que avaliou a realidade musical em algumas Igrejas Batistas de Campinas. A partir dos resultados obtidos sugerimos ações concretas à práxis pastoral. O primeiro capítulo propõe uma retrospectiva conceitual e histórica do Canto Coral, avaliando sua função antes e depois do processo da reforma e da nova mentalidade musical desenvolvida por Lutero. O segundo capítulo mostra o desenvolvimento da pesquisa realizada junto a seis Igrejas Batistas. Tenta mensurar o gosto musical dos membros dessas comunidades através de um estudo comparativo a partir dos dois pólos: Canto Coral e Banda, ambos, sendo o específico de um campo maior: Tradição e Contemporâneo. O terceiro capítulo, partindo dos impulsos obtidos, desenvolve uma visão crítica sobre os aspectos da tradição, da aceitação à novas tendências, e da tensão propriamente desenvolvida na convivência entre estilos musicais distintos. Mediante tal realidade conflituosa, apresentamos um desafio à práxis pastoral no sentido de se obter possibilidades para uma convivência musical pacífica, considerando a inserção de elementos da contemporaneidade e da tradição na liturgia Batista.

Complément du guide de la méthode /

Mode of access: Internet.

A course of three lectures on choir training : given on June 6th, 13th, and 20th, 1903 /

At head of title: The Royal College of Organists.