金粟兰属的系统学研究

本文在形态学、解剖学、孢粉学、细胞学和分子系统学研究的基础上，对金粟兰属进行了世界性的专著性研究。主要内容包括： 1. 形态学 在标本室研究和野外考察的基础上，对金粟兰属植物形态性状的变异式样及其分类学意义进行了分析，发现习性、雄蕊的颜色和形状、花柱的有无等性状在种内稳定，是比较可靠的分类学性状。通过查阅模式，发现湖北金粟兰和多穗金粟兰是宽叶金粟兰生长发育的后期阶段，单穗金粟兰和安徽金粟兰是及己生长发育的后期阶段;认为菲律宾金粟兰、轮叶金粟兰和台湾及己与台湾金粟兰是同种植物，全缘金粟兰、石棉金粟兰和毛脉金粟兰与网脉金粟兰是同种植物：推测天目山金粟兰是依据及己的畸形植株发表的。最后，认为金粟兰属在全世界仅有10种植物，即鱼子兰、金粟兰、及己、宽叶金粟兰、华南金粟兰、台湾金粟兰、狭叶金粟兰、丝穗金粟兰、网脉金粟兰和银线草。 2. 解剖学 通过对金粟兰科4属16种植物的叶表皮特征的观察，发现叶表皮性状，尤其是气孔器的类型对于理解该科的属间和种间关系有重要意义。环列型气孔器可能是联系Ascarina与草珊瑚属和金粟兰属的关键性状;根据气孔器的类型，金粟兰属的10种植物可以分为两类：第一类包括鱼子兰、金粟兰、及己、宽叶金粟兰、华南金粟兰和台湾金粟兰，其叶片下表皮的气孔器以平列型为主;第二类包括狭叶金粟兰、丝穗金粟兰、网脉金粟兰和银线草，其叶片中的气孔器以侧列型为主。显然，叶表皮性状不支持前人依据习性对该属所作的划分，但与基于雄蕊形态的划分基本吻合。 3. 孢粉学 在扫描电镜下对金粟兰属植物的花粉进行了观察，发现花粉性状在属内比较一致，对于探讨属内种间关系意义不大。 4. 细胞学 对金粟兰科11种植物进行了细胞学研究，首次报道了5种植物的染色体数目和核型，并首次在金粟兰属发现了六倍体。核型分析的结果表明，草珊瑚属与金粟兰属在间期核形态、前期染色体形态和中期染色体形态上均存在明显差异，因而将它们分开的处理是完全正确的：在金粟兰属，根据前4对(四倍体种丝穗金粟兰的前8对)染色体的形态，已有核型资料的八个种可以分为两类：在狭叶金粟兰、丝穗金粟兰、网脉金粟兰和银线草中，这些染色体全部为具中部着丝粒染色体;而在鱼子兰、金粟兰、及己和华南金粟兰中，这些染色体为各种类型。 5. 分子系统学 首次对金粟兰属植物ITS区和trnL-F区序列进行了测定。在ITS、trnL-F分开处理以及将二者结合起来构建的系统树中，金粟兰属的10种植物均被分为两支：一支由狭叶金粟兰、丝穗金粟兰、网脉金粟兰和银线草组成，另一支由鱼子兰、金粟兰、及己、宽叶金粟兰、华南金粟兰和台湾金粟兰组成。 6. 金粟兰属的属下分类系统 从上研究结果可以看出，叶表皮、细胞学和分子资料均不支持前人依据习性对金粟兰属的划分，但支持前人依据雄蕊形态的划分。因此，本文把金粟兰属分为两个亚属，即金粟兰亚属和银线草亚属;金粟兰亚属又分为两个组，其中金粟兰亚组包括鱼子兰和金粟兰，及己组包括华南金粟兰和台湾金粟兰;银线草亚属包括狭叶金粟兰、丝穗金粟兰、网脉金粟兰和银线草。 7. 属的系统位置 综合已有的各方面的资料，对金粟兰科的属间关系进行了评价，认为草珊瑚属与金粟兰属关系最近，Ascarina是二者的姊妹群，雪香兰属是上述三属的姊妹群。

Evaluating the role of deep granitic rocks in generating anomalous temperatures in SW-Queensland

Across central Australia and south-west Queensland, a large (~800,000km2) subsurface temperature anomaly occurs (Figure 1). Temperatures are interpreted to be greater than 235°C at 5km depth, ca. 85°C higher than the average geothermal gradient for the upper continental crust (Chopra & Holgate, 2005; Holgate & Gerner, 2011). This anomaly has driven the development of Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS) at Innamincka, where high temperatures have been related to the radiogenic heat production of High Heat Producing Granites (HHPG) at depth, below thermally insulative sedimentary cover (Chopra & Holgate, 2005; Draper & D’Arcy, 2006; Meixner & Holgate, 2009). To evaluate the role of granitic rocks at depth in generating the broader temperature anomaly in SW-Queensland, we sampled 25 granitic rocks from basement intervals of petroleum drill cores below thermal insulative cover along two transects (WNW–ESE and NNE–SSW — Figure 1) and performed a multidisciplinary study involving petrography, whole-rock chemistry, zircon dating and thermal conductivity measurements.

The development of an improved PCR-based marker system for Sw-5, an important TSWV resistance gene of tomato

Sw-5 is an important disease resistance gene of tomato, providing broad resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, closely linked to the gene, has been reported. Although the Sw-5 locus has been characterised, a gene-specific marker has not been developed. This paper presents a PCR-based marker-system that consists of the co-amplification of a dominant marker representing the Sw-5 gene sequence, and the modified CAPS marker as a positive control and indicator of genotype.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of Chloranthus erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Verd. leaf extract in rats

Aim of the study: Chloranthus erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Verdcourt (Chloranthaceae) is a shrub native to tropical and temperate zone of Eastern Himalaya of India and South-East Asia and have traditionally been used as a folklore medicine to treat localised swelling, joint pain, skin inflammation, fever and bodyache. In this study, an attempthas been made to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract obtained from Chloranthus erectus leaves (MECEL) in acute, sub-acute and chronic mouse models. Materials and methods: Inflammation in the hind paw of Wistar albino rat was induced by carrageenan, histamine and serotonin, and tissue granuloma pouch was induced by cotton pellet method. Antiinflammatory drug-phenylbutazone was used as standard drug for comparison. Results: In acute carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema, oral administration of MECEL at 200 mg/kg produced significant inhibition of edema by 38.34 % (p<0.01) while the histamine- and serotonin-induced sub-acute model, the inhibition of paw edema reached 52.54 % (p < 0.001) and 25.5 % (p < 0.01), respectively. in a 7-day study, MECEL at 20 and 50 mg/kg produced significant suppression of cotton pellet-induced tissue granuloma formation in rats. Conclusions: This preliminary study revealed that the methanol extract of Chloranthus erectus exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in the tested models, and may provide the scientific rationale for its popular folk medicine as anti-inflammatory agent.

Antipyretic and antibacterial activity of Chloranthus erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Verdcourt leaf extract: A popular folk medicine of Arunachal Pradesh

Objective : The main objective of this work was to study the antipyretic and antibacterial activity of C. erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Verdcourt leaf extract in an experimental albino rat model. Materials and Methods : The methanol extract of C. erectus leaf (MECEL) was evaluated for its antipyretic potential on normal body temperature and Brewers yeast-induced pyrexia in albino rats model. While the antibacterial activity of MECEL against five Gram (-) and three Gram () bacterial strains and antimycotic activity was investigated against four fungi using agar disk diffusion and microdilution methods. Result : Yeast suspension (10 mL/kg b.w.) elevated rectal temperature after 19 h of subcutaneous injection. Oral administration of MECEL at 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. showed significant reduction of normal rectal body temperature and yeast-provoked elevated temperature (38.8 0.2 and 37.6 0.4, respectively, at 2-3 h) in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect was comparable to that of the standard antipyretic drug-paracetamol (150 mg/kg b.w.). MECEL at 2 mg/disk showed broad spectrum of growth inhibition activity against both groups of bacteria. However, MECEL was not effective against the yeast strains tested in this study. Conclusion : This study revealed that the methanol extract of C. erectus exhibited significant antipyretic activity in the tested models and antibacterial activity as well, and may provide the scientific rationale for its popular use as antipyretic agent in Khamptiss folk medicines.

Revisiting SW J2000.6+3210: a persistent Be X-ray pulsar?

We present a detailed timing and spectral analysis of the Be X-ray binary SW J2000.6+3210 discovered by the Burst Alert Telescope Galactic plane survey. Two Suzaku observations of the source made at six months interval, reveal pulsations at similar to 890 s for both observations with a much weaker pulse fraction in the second one. Pulsations are clearly seen in the energy band of 0.3-10 keV of X-ray Imaging Spectrometer for both observations and at high energies up to 40 keV for the second observation. The broad-band X-ray spectrum is consistent with a power-law and high-energy cut-off model along with a hot blackbody component. No change in spectral parameters is detected between the observations. We have also analysed several short observations of the source with Swift/XRT and detected only a few per cent variation in flux around a mean value of 3.5 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1). The results indicate that SW J2000.6+3210 is a member of persistent Be X-ray binaries which have the same broad characteristics as this source.

Caracterización del medio supergénico en el yacimiento Ni-Cu (PGE) de Aguablanca, SW Iberia. Redistribución de metales base y PGE

1 v. (pág. var.)

Adapter modulo de integración SW-BAAN4

Desarrollo del módulo SW-BAAN4 del programa Integración CAD-ERP

Optical two-dimensional SW-banyan network: Optical implementation, routing control, and determination of permissible permutations

A 2-D SW-banyan network is introduced by properly folding the 1-D SW-banyan network, and its corresponding optical setup is proposed by means of polarizing beamsplitters and 2-D phase spatial light modulators. Then, based on the characteristics and the proposed optical setup, the control for the routing path between any source-destination pair is given, and the method to determine whether a given permutation is permissible or not is discussed. Because the proposed optical setup consists of only optical polarization elements, it is compact in structure, its corresponding energy loss and crosstalk are low, and its corresponding available number of channels is high. (C) 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Food and feeding habits of Synodontis nigrita from the Osun River, SW Nigeria

An investigation was conducted into the food and feeding habits of Synodontis nigrita from the Osun River near Epe, Lagos, Nigeria. The food items in the stomach of the S. nigrita covered a wide spectrum, ranging from various types of plankton to invertebrates and plants. A seasonal variation was also noted in the stomach contents of S. nigrita over the period of investigation. The predominant food items found in the stomach were Polycystis spp., Closterium spp., Oedogonium spp., plant tissues, insect parts and detritus. This suggests that S. nigrita is an omnivore.