Association between length of stay in the U.S. and diabetes risk factors among Chinese Americans in Houston, Texas in 2004-2005

Studies have suggested that acculturation is related to diabetes prevalence and risk factors among immigrant groups in the United States (U.S.), however scant data are available to investigate this relationship among Asian Americans and Asian American subgroups. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between length of stay in the U.S. and type 2 diabetes prevalence and its risk factors among Chinese Americans in Houston, Texas. Data were obtained from the 2004-2005 Asian-American Health Needs Assessment in Houston, Texas (N=409 Chinese Americans) for secondary analysis in this study. Diabetes prevalence and risk factors (overweight/obesity and access to medical care) were based on self-report. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics, diabetes prevalence, and reasons for not seeing a doctor. Logistic regression, using an incremental modeling approach, was used to measure the association between length of stay and diabetes prevalence and related risk factors, while adjusting for the potential confounding factors of age, gender, education level, and income level. Although the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was highest among those living in the U.S. for more than 20 years, there was no significant association between length of stay in the U.S. and diabetes prevalence among these Chinese Americans after adjustment for confounding factors. No association was found between length of stay in the U.S. and overweight/obese status among this population either, after adjusting for confounding factors, too. On the other hand, a longer length of stay was significantly associated with increased health insurance coverage in both unadjusted and adjusted models. The findings of this study suggest that length of stay in the U.S. alone may not be an indicator for diabetes risk among Chinese Americans. Future research should consider alternative models to measure acculturation (e.g., models that reflect acculturation as a multi-dimensional, not uni-dimensional process), which may more accurately depict its effect on diabetes prevalence and related risk factors.^

Providing Bereavement Counseling to Chinese Americans: A Cultural Adaptation of a Western Grief Counseling Model.

The aim of this paper is to extend the existing literature and propose an alternative perspective on bereavement counseling with Chinese Americans. This aim is achieved by integrating William Worden's (2009) grief counseling model with several cultural components that are relevant to counseling with Chinese Americans, including: (a) the barriers to seeking counseling, (b) the clinical presentations of Asian Americans, (c) the common coping styles among Asian Americans, (d) the major Chinese religions and philosophies, and (e) the bereavement-related cultural practices. The corresponding treatment recommendations will be explored following the discussion of each cultural element. Finally, a culturally responsive grief counseling model for Chinese Americans will be proposed in the last section, along with a discussion of important caveats.

Chinese Americans demonstrate against police brutality

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Cancer screening behaviors among Asian Americans in Houston, Texas

Background: Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the United States, and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders are the only racial/ethnic group for which cancer is the leading cause of death. Regular cancer screenings help to identify precancerous lesions and cancer at an earlier stage, when the cancer is more treatable. Ethnic disparities in participation in cancer screenings are also striking, and evidence indicates that Asian Americans may have lower rates of cancer screening participation than other racial/ethnic groups. The Health of Houston Survey 2010 (HHS 2010) is an address-based survey, administered via telephone, website, and mail, of over 5,000 respondents in Houston and Harris County that provides recent data on the health status and needs of the Houston community. HHS 2010 researchers oversampled for Asians and Vietnamese Americans in order to obtain a sample size large enough to obtain statistical power. This dataset provides a unique opportunity to examine the cancer screening behaviors and predictors of Vietnamese and Chinese Americans living in Houston, Texas.^ Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis of HHS 2010 data. The data were analyzed to compare the breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening compliance rates of Vietnamese and Chinese Americans with other racial/ethnic groups in Houston, Texas. Key predictors of participation and barriers to cancer screening were identified.^ Results: The results of this study indicate that in Houston, Vietnamese Americans and Asian Americans as a whole have strikingly lower rates of participation in cancer screenings compared to other ethnic groups. Chinese Americans had the highest rate of noncompliance for mammography of all ethnic groups; Asian Americans and Vietnamese Americans also had high rates of noncompliance. Similarly, Vietnamese and Asian Americans had high rates of noncompliance with colorectal cancer screening recommendations. Importantly, Vietnamese, Chinese, and Asian Americans had by far the worst pap test participation, with noncompliance rates more than double that of all other racial/ethnic groups. In general, the findings indicated several key predictors in cancer screening behaviors, including English language proficiency, years lived in the United States, health insurance, college education, and income; however, the significance and patterns of these variables varied by ethnic group as well as cancer site.^ Conclusions: This secondary analysis highlights the disparities in cancer screening participation among Vietnamese, Chinese, and Asian Americans in Houston, Texas and indicate the need to identify Asian Americans as a high-risk group in need of health promotion attention. Barriers to screening and educational needs appear to be specific to each target ethnic group. Thus, health educators and health professionals in Houston must focus on the specific educational needs of the key ethnic groups that make up the Houston population. Further, more ethnic-specific research is needed to examine the health behaviors and needs of Houston's Asian American subgroups.^

Dietary adequacy in community-dwelling older Chinese adults living in South Florida

A challenge facing nutrition care providers and the Chinese community is how to improve and maintain dietary adequacy (DA) and quality of life (QoL) in older Chinese Americans. Little is known about the factors contributing to DA and the relationships between DA and QoL among community-dwelling older Chinese adults in South Florida. A DA model and a QoL model were hypothesized. ^ Structured interviews with 100 Chinese Floridians, ages ≥60, provided data to test the hypothesized models, using structured equation modeling. Participants (mean age ± SD = 70.9 + 6.8 years) included 59% females, 98% foreign-born, 23% non-English speakers, and 68% residents of Florida for 20 years or more. The findings supported the study hypotheses: an excellent goodness-of-fit of the DA model (χ2/DF (7) = .286; CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.704; NFI = .934; RMSEA < .001, 90% CI < .0001 to < .001; SRMR = .033; AIC = 30.000; and BIC = 66.472) and an excellent goodness-of-fit of the QoL model (χ2/DF (6) = .811; CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.013; NFI = .979; RMSEA < .001, 90% CI < .001 to .116; SRMR = .0429; AIC = 34.869; and BIC = 73.946). ^ The DA model consisted of a structure of four indicators (i.e. Body Mass Index, food practices, diet satisfaction, and appetite) and one intervening variable (i.e. combining nutrient adequacy with nutritional risk). BMI was the strongest, most reliable indicator of DA with the highest predictability coefficient (.63) and the ability to differentiate between participants with different DA levels. The QoL model consisted of a two-dimensional construct with one indicator (i.e. physical function) and one intervening variable (i.e. combining loneliness with social resources, depression, social function, and mental health). Physical function had the strongest predictability coefficient (.89), while other indicators contributed to QoL indirectly. When integrating the DA model to the QoL model, DA appears to influence QoL via indirect pathways. ^ It is necessary to include a precise measure of BMI as the basis for assessing DA in this population. Important goals of dietary interventions should be improving physical function and alleviating social and emotional isolation. ^

1970 census of population.

"Issued July 1973."

Henry Tang, I.M. Pei, Mike Wallace seated at dinner table, Committee of 100

Mr. Pei is the founder of the Committee of 100, which was created to foster better understanding between the people of the United States and China and more opportunities in all fields for Chinese-Americans. see

Chinatown ballads.

Mode of access: Internet.

How national culture on consumers' decision-making styles: a comparative study among Americans, Brazilians, Chinese, and japanese in the purchase of cell phones.

The influence of the national culture on consumer decision-making styles is investigated using a sample of Americans, Brazilians, Chinese, and Japanese consumers who have purchased a cell phone in the past three years. To make the research possible, a survey was used as a method of data collection. It relates Hofstede’s cultural classification typology with Sproles and Kendall’s consumer style inventory (CSI). The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) results indicate six decision-making styles together with other consumer behavioral characteristics that can be used to distinguish and profile consumers who purchase cell phones. Empirical findings reveal that among Americans, Brazilians, and Japanese; Americans are the most quality conscious, brand conscious, innovative, and hedonistic shoppers; Brazilians are the most loyal, and Japanese, the most confused by overchoice consumers. Conceptual contributions and managerial implications are discussed.

A Chinese and English phrase book in the Canton dialect; or, Dialogues on ordinary and familiar subjects for the use of the Chinese resident in America, and of Americans desirous of learning the Chinese language,

Added title-page in Chinese.

The English language used by the Chinese: A new variety of English?

The topic was chosen because of a simple fact that there are more Chinese studying English in China than U.S. Americans who speak English. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the unique linguistic features that make the Chinese use English in a particular style. First, it shows the development of the English language used by the Chinese: Chinese Pidgin English, Chinglish, Chinese English and China English. Second, it takes a deeper look into certain linguistic features regarding the English language used by the Chinese: lexical features morphosyntactic features and pragmatic features

Chinese demonstrate for jobs

General note: Title provided by Bettye Lane

Examining the Association between Acculturation and Hypertension among Asian Americans in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area

Objective: To evaluate the association between Acculturation and hypertension among Asian Americans in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 600 Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese adults. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between acculturation variables (years in the U.S., self-rated acculturation, self-rated English fluency) and hypertension, determined from a mean of 3 blood pressure readings taken on site. Results: Compared to those who resided in the U.S. for 0-5 years, individuals who resided for 6-10 years were about 60% less likely to have hypertension (aOR= 0.36; 95% CI: 0.12, 1.05; p-value=0.06). No significant association was observed between self-rated identity and hypertension. Compared to those with poor English fluency, those who speak “so-so” English have increased odds of hypertension (aOR=1.57; 95%CI: 0.93, 2.64; p-value= 0.09). Disaggregated analysis was conducted for Asian American subgroups, which showed differences in trends of acculturation and hypertension. Conclusion: Findings suggest an association between acculturation and hypertension, guiding future studies to investigate further into these observed effects. Some subgroup differences were observed among Asian American subgroups, potentially suggesting a subgroup-focused intervention.