The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Rainer Zangerl.

v.3:no.5(1960)

The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Rainer Zangerl.

v.3:no.2(1948)

Catalogue of shield reptiles in the collection of the British Museum / by John Edward Gray.

pt.1

Catalogue of shield reptiles in the collection of the British museum. Pt. I. Testudinata (tortoises)

Accompanied by "Supplement to the Catalogue of shield reptiles in the collection of the British museum. Pt. I. Testudinata (tortoises). With figures of the skulls of 36 genera. By John Edward Gray." (ix, [1], 120 p. illus. 31 x 25 cm.) Published: London, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1870.

Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America /

Added t.-p.: Memoirs of the Museum of comparative zoology at Harvard college. Vol. V., no.1. North American starfishes. By Alexander Agassiz ... Cambridge, Welch, Bigelow, and company, 1877.

Dating of divergences within the Rattus genus phylogeny using whole mitochondrial genomes

The timing and order of divergences within the genus Rattus have, to date, been quite speculative. In order to address these important issues we sequenced six new whole mitochondrial genomes from wild-caught specimens from four species, Rattus exulans, Rattus praetor, Rattus rattus and Rattus tanezumi. The only rat whole mitochondrial genomes available previously were all from Rattus norvegicus specimens. Our phylogenetic and dating analyses place the deepest divergence within Rattus at ∼3.5 million years ago (Mya). This divergence separates the New Guinean endemic R. praetor lineage from the Asian lineages. Within the Asian/Island Southeast Asian clade R. norvegicus diverged earliest at ∼2.9 Mya. R. exulans and the ancestor of the sister species R. rattus and R. tanezumi subsequently diverged at ∼2.2 Mya, with R. rattus and R. tanezumi separating as recently as ∼0.4 Mya. Our results give both a better resolved species divergence order and diversification dates within Rattus than previous studies.

Molecular phylogeny supports the paraphyletic nature of the genus Trogoderma (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) collected in the Australasian ecozone

To date, a molecular phylogenetic approach has not been used to investigate the evolutionary structure of Trogoderma and closely related genera. Using two mitochondrial genes, Cytochrome Oxidase I and Cytochrome B, and the nuclear gene, 18S, the reported polyphyletic positioning of Trogoderma was examined. Paraphyly in Trogoderma was observed, with one Australian Trogoderma species reconciled as sister to all Dermestidae and the Anthrenocerus genus deeply nested within the Australian Trogoderma clade. In addition, time to most recent common ancestor for a number of Dermestidae was calculated. Based on these estimations, the Dermestidae origin exceeded 175 million years, placing the origins of this family in Pangaea.