Método de detecção e classificação de lesões de pele em imagens digitais a partir do modelo Chan-Vese e máquina de vetor de suporte

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Central and Cortical Gray Mater Segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Images of the Fetal Brain

Motivation. The study of human brain development in itsearly stage is today possible thanks to in vivo fetalmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Aquantitative analysis of fetal cortical surfacerepresents a new approach which can be used as a markerof the cerebral maturation (as gyration) and also forstudying central nervous system pathologies [1]. However,this quantitative approach is a major challenge forseveral reasons. First, movement of the fetus inside theamniotic cavity requires very fast MRI sequences tominimize motion artifacts, resulting in a poor spatialresolution and/or lower SNR. Second, due to the ongoingmyelination and cortical maturation, the appearance ofthe developing brain differs very much from thehomogenous tissue types found in adults. Third, due tolow resolution, fetal MR images considerably suffer ofpartial volume (PV) effect, sometimes in large areas.Today extensive efforts are made to deal with thereconstruction of high resolution 3D fetal volumes[2,3,4] to cope with intra-volume motion and low SNR.However, few studies exist related to the automatedsegmentation of MR fetal imaging. [5] and [6] work on thesegmentation of specific areas of the fetal brain such asposterior fossa, brainstem or germinal matrix. Firstattempt for automated brain tissue segmentation has beenpresented in [7] and in our previous work [8]. Bothmethods apply the Expectation-Maximization Markov RandomField (EM-MRF) framework but contrary to [7] we do notneed from any anatomical atlas prior. Data set &Methods. Prenatal MR imaging was performed with a 1-Tsystem (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee) using single shotfast spin echo (ssFSE) sequences (TR 7000 ms, TE 180 ms,FOV 40 x 40 cm, slice thickness 5.4mm, in plane spatialresolution 1.09mm). Each fetus has 6 axial volumes(around 15 slices per volume), each of them acquired inabout 1 min. Each volume is shifted by 1 mm with respectto the previous one. Gestational age (GA) ranges from 29to 32 weeks. Mother is under sedation. Each volume ismanually segmented to extract fetal brain fromsurrounding maternal tissues. Then, in-homogeneityintensity correction is performed using [9] and linearintensity normalization is performed to have intensityvalues that range from 0 to 255. Note that due tointra-tissue variability of developing brain someintensity variability still remains. For each fetus, ahigh spatial resolution image of isotropic voxel size of1.09 mm is created applying [2] and using B-splines forthe scattered data interpolation [10] (see Fig. 1). Then,basal ganglia (BS) segmentation is performed on thissuper reconstructed volume. Active contour framework witha Level Set (LS) implementation is used. Our LS follows aslightly different formulation from well-known Chan-Vese[11] formulation. In our case, the LS evolves forcing themean of the inside of the curve to be the mean intensityof basal ganglia. Moreover, we add local spatial priorthrough a probabilistic map created by fitting anellipsoid onto the basal ganglia region. Some userinteraction is needed to set the mean intensity of BG(green dots in Fig. 2) and the initial fitting points forthe probabilistic prior map (blue points in Fig. 2). Oncebasal ganglia are removed from the image, brain tissuesegmentation is performed as described in [8]. Results.The case study presented here has 29 weeks of GA. Thehigh resolution reconstructed volume is presented in Fig.1. The steps of BG segmentation are shown in Fig. 2.Overlap in comparison with manual segmentation isquantified by the Dice similarity index (DSI) equal to0.829 (values above 0.7 are considered a very goodagreement). Such BG segmentation has been applied on 3other subjects ranging for 29 to 32 GA and the DSI hasbeen of 0.856, 0.794 and 0.785. Our segmentation of theinner (red and blue contours) and outer cortical surface(green contour) is presented in Fig. 3. Finally, torefine the results we include our WM segmentation in theFreesurfer software [12] and some manual corrections toobtain Fig.4. Discussion. Precise cortical surfaceextraction of fetal brain is needed for quantitativestudies of early human brain development. Our workcombines the well known statistical classificationframework with the active contour segmentation forcentral gray mater extraction. A main advantage of thepresented procedure for fetal brain surface extraction isthat we do not include any spatial prior coming fromanatomical atlases. The results presented here arepreliminary but promising. Our efforts are now in testingsuch approach on a wider range of gestational ages thatwe will include in the final version of this work andstudying as well its generalization to different scannersand different type of MRI sequences. References. [1]Guibaud, Prenatal Diagnosis 29(4) (2009). [2] Rousseau,Acad. Rad. 13(9), 2006, [3] Jiang, IEEE TMI 2007. [4]Warfield IADB, MICCAI 2009. [5] Claude, IEEE Trans. Bio.Eng. 51(4) (2004). [6] Habas, MICCAI (Pt. 1) 2008. [7]Bertelsen, ISMRM 2009 [8] Bach Cuadra, IADB, MICCAI 2009.[9] Styner, IEEE TMI 19(39 (2000). [10] Lee, IEEE Trans.Visual. And Comp. Graph. 3(3), 1997, [11] Chan, IEEETrans. Img. Proc, 10(2), 2001 [12] Freesurfer,http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu.

An Efficient Segmentation Method for Ultrasound Images based on a Semi-supervised Approach and Patch-based Features

Segmenting ultrasound images is a challenging problemwhere standard unsupervised segmentation methods such asthe well-known Chan-Vese method fail. We propose in thispaper an efficient segmentation method for this class ofimages. Our proposed algorithm is based on asemi-supervised approach (user labels) and the use ofimage patches as data features. We also consider thePearson distance between patches, which has been shown tobe robust w.r.t speckle noise present in ultrasoundimages. Our results on phantom and clinical data show avery high similarity agreement with the ground truthprovided by a medical expert.

Bioimaging of animal embryogenesis: mathematical methods and computational algorithms

Some fundamental biological processes such as embryonic development have been preserved during evolution and are common to species belonging to different phylogenetic positions, but are nowadays largely unknown. The understanding of cell morphodynamics leading to the formation of organized spatial distribution of cells such as tissues and organs can be achieved through the reconstruction of cells shape and position during the development of a live animal embryo. We design in this work a chain of image processing methods to automatically segment and track cells nuclei and membranes during the development of a zebrafish embryo, which has been largely validates as model organism to understand vertebrate development, gene function and healingrepair mechanisms in vertebrates. The embryo is previously labeled through the ubiquitous expression of fluorescent proteins addressed to cells nuclei and membranes, and temporal sequences of volumetric images are acquired with laser scanning microscopy. Cells position is detected by processing nuclei images either through the generalized form of the Hough transform or identifying nuclei position with local maxima after a smoothing preprocessing step. Membranes and nuclei shapes are reconstructed by using PDEs based variational techniques such as the Subjective Surfaces and the Chan Vese method. Cells tracking is performed by combining informations previously detected on cells shape and position with biological regularization constraints. Our results are manually validated and reconstruct the formation of zebrafish brain at 7-8 somite stage with all the cells tracked starting from late sphere stage with less than 2% error for at least 6 hours. Our reconstruction opens the way to a systematic investigation of cellular behaviors, of clonal origin and clonal complexity of brain organs, as well as the contribution of cell proliferation modes and cell movements to the formation of local patterns and morphogenetic fields.

Studio e sviluppo di un metodo di detezione della camera atriale in ecografia intracardiaca

Il lavoro di tesi si è svolto in collaborazione con il laboratorio di elettrofisiologia, Unità Operativa di Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, dell’ospedale “S. Maria delle Croci” di Ravenna, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale della Romagna, ed ha come obiettivo lo sviluppo di un metodo per l’individuazione dell’atrio sinistro in sequenze di immagini ecografiche intracardiache acquisite durante procedure di ablazione cardiaca transcatetere per il trattamento della fibrillazione atriale. La localizzazione della parete posteriore dell'atrio sinistro in immagini ecocardiografiche intracardiache risulta fondamentale qualora si voglia monitorare la posizione dell'esofago rispetto alla parete stessa per ridurre il rischio di formazione della fistola atrio esofagea. Le immagini derivanti da ecografia intracardiaca sono state acquisite durante la procedura di ablazione cardiaca ed esportate direttamente dall’ecografo in formato Audio Video Interleave (AVI). L’estrazione dei singoli frames è stata eseguita implementando un apposito programma in Matlab, ottenendo così il set di dati su cui implementare il metodo di individuazione della parete atriale. A causa dell’eccessivo rumore presente in alcuni set di dati all’interno della camera atriale, sono stati sviluppati due differenti metodi per il tracciamento automatico del contorno della parete dell’atrio sinistro. Il primo, utilizzato per le immagini più “pulite”, si basa sull’utilizzo del modello Chan-Vese, un metodo di segmentazione level-set region-based, mentre il secondo, efficace in presenza di rumore, sfrutta il metodo di clustering K-means. Entrambi i metodi prevedono l’individuazione automatica dell’atrio, senza che il clinico fornisca informazioni in merito alla posizione dello stesso, e l’utilizzo di operatori morfologici per l’eliminazione di regioni spurie. I risultati così ottenuti sono stati valutati qualitativamente, sovrapponendo il contorno individuato all'immagine ecografica e valutando la bontà del tracciamento. Inoltre per due set di dati, segmentati con i due diversi metodi, è stata eseguita una valutazione quantitativa confrontatoli con il risultato del tracciamento manuale eseguito dal clinico.

崇禎曆書 。日躔曆指Chong zheng li shu. — Ri chan li zhi.Collection relative au calendrier, années Chong zheng : théorie du mouvement du soleil.

Comparer aussi Cat. imp., liv. 106, f. 21 (Xin fa suan shu, 100 livres).Par les PP. Giacomo Rho (1590-1638), Nicolao Longobardi et Adam Schall ; publié sous la direction de Xu Guang qi. Édition antérieure à 1644. Texte et figures.

崇禎曆書 。日躔表Chong zheng li shu. — Ri chan biao.Collection relative au calendrier, années Chong zheng : tables du mouvement du soleil.

Voir aussi Cat. imp., liv. 106, f. 21 (Xin fa suan shu, 100 livres).Par les PP. Rho et Schall ; publié sous la direction de Xu Guang qi. Édition antérieure à 1644.

Entre Los Serrano y Shin Chan.

Presentación de una experiencia de trabajo desarrollada en clases de Filosofía de primero de Bachillerato para favorecer la reflexión crítica e informada de los alumnos sobre los contenidos de los medios de masas. Se trata de convertir a los alumnos en investigadores de los productos culturales que ellos consumen. La metodología se basa en la resolución de conflictos, de dilemas morales y su representación en las series de televisión que los alumnos ven más. El estudio constata la diferencia de gustos entre chicas, que prefieren series más familiares y juveniles, que tratan de conflictos amorosos; y chicos, que prefieren series con más acción e intriga, con contenidos más violentos. Se trata de fomentar la reflexión y el debate sobre distintos conflictos que tienen que ver con la filosofía moral y dar la palabra a los alumnos usando un material, como son las series de televisión, que ellos manejan frecuentemente.

Los pronombres demostrativos de la lengua chaná (Entre Ríos, Argentina)

La categoría de los pronombres demostrativos es universal en las lenguas naturales, pero las características funcionales, formales, sintácticas y pragmáticas de estos elementos varían considerablemente de una a otra lengua. El propósito de este trabajo es describir las características funcionales, formales, sintácticas y pragmáticas de los demostrativos en la lengua indígena obsolescente chaná, perteneciente a la familia charrúa, que cuenta actualmente con un último semi hablante terminal residente en la ciudad de Paraná (provincia de Entre Ríos). Se trata de un idioma que se ha transmitido durante más de un siglo y medio de manera anormal, como lengua secreta femenina. En su estado actual, esta lengua presenta un sistema bastante simple de pronombres demostrativos, que distingue dos distancias y dos géneros. En la presente ponencia se describen y analizan los aspectos morfológicos, rasgos semánticos, funciones sintácticas y usos pragmáticos documentados de estos deícticos. Se comparan los datos actuales con los documentados para la misma lengua en 1815 por Dámaso A. Larrañaga, en Soriano (República Oriental del Uruguay), cuando era todavía un idioma vivo (aunque moribundo), de transmisión normal

Los pronombres demostrativos de la lengua chaná (Entre Ríos, Argentina)

La categoría de los pronombres demostrativos es universal en las lenguas naturales, pero las características funcionales, formales, sintácticas y pragmáticas de estos elementos varían considerablemente de una a otra lengua. El propósito de este trabajo es describir las características funcionales, formales, sintácticas y pragmáticas de los demostrativos en la lengua indígena obsolescente chaná, perteneciente a la familia charrúa, que cuenta actualmente con un último semi hablante terminal residente en la ciudad de Paraná (provincia de Entre Ríos). Se trata de un idioma que se ha transmitido durante más de un siglo y medio de manera anormal, como lengua secreta femenina. En su estado actual, esta lengua presenta un sistema bastante simple de pronombres demostrativos, que distingue dos distancias y dos géneros. En la presente ponencia se describen y analizan los aspectos morfológicos, rasgos semánticos, funciones sintácticas y usos pragmáticos documentados de estos deícticos. Se comparan los datos actuales con los documentados para la misma lengua en 1815 por Dámaso A. Larrañaga, en Soriano (República Oriental del Uruguay), cuando era todavía un idioma vivo (aunque moribundo), de transmisión normal

Los pronombres demostrativos de la lengua chaná (Entre Ríos, Argentina)

La categoría de los pronombres demostrativos es universal en las lenguas naturales, pero las características funcionales, formales, sintácticas y pragmáticas de estos elementos varían considerablemente de una a otra lengua. El propósito de este trabajo es describir las características funcionales, formales, sintácticas y pragmáticas de los demostrativos en la lengua indígena obsolescente chaná, perteneciente a la familia charrúa, que cuenta actualmente con un último semi hablante terminal residente en la ciudad de Paraná (provincia de Entre Ríos). Se trata de un idioma que se ha transmitido durante más de un siglo y medio de manera anormal, como lengua secreta femenina. En su estado actual, esta lengua presenta un sistema bastante simple de pronombres demostrativos, que distingue dos distancias y dos géneros. En la presente ponencia se describen y analizan los aspectos morfológicos, rasgos semánticos, funciones sintácticas y usos pragmáticos documentados de estos deícticos. Se comparan los datos actuales con los documentados para la misma lengua en 1815 por Dámaso A. Larrañaga, en Soriano (República Oriental del Uruguay), cuando era todavía un idioma vivo (aunque moribundo), de transmisión normal