Biological aspects of the immature stages of Ceraeochrysa everes (Banks) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Para o estabelecimento de um programa de controle biológico, o conhecimento de alguns aspectos biológicos e de comportamento dos inimigos naturais é de extrema importância. Os aspectos biológicos do desenvolvimento larval e pupal do predador Ceraeochrysa everes (Banks) foram estudados. Larvas oriundas de adultos da geração F1 foram mantidas em laboratório a 25 ± 21°C, 70 ± 10 % UR e fotofase 14 horas, sendo alimentadas com ovos de Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier). A duração e viabilidade do período embrionário, estágios imaturos de desenvolvimento e o período de ovo a adulto foram avaliados. O período embrionário foi em média de 5,0 dias, enquanto que as durações médias para o primeiro, segundo e terceiro instares foram de 5,1 ± 0,03; 4,3 ± 0,05 e 4,5 ± 0,05 dias, respectivamente, com viabilidade superior a 90 %. Os estágios larval, pré-pupal e pupal apresentaram duração média de 13,9 ± 0,07; 5,7 ± 0,07 e 9,6 ± 0,12 dias, respectivamente. A duração do ciclo biológico foi de 34 ± 0,11 dias em média. Ovos de S. cerelella não foram adequados para a manutenção de C. everes em laboratório, por interferir no desenvolvimento do predador.

Aspectos Biológicos dos Estádios Imaturos de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) e Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Alimentados com Ovos e Ninfas de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Foram avaliados os aspectos biológicos dos estádios imaturos de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) e Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider), alimentados com ovos e ninfas de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B. Ovos dos predadores foram individualizados em recipientes de vidro de fundo chato com 2,5 cm de diâmetro e 8,5 cm de altura que foram mantidos à temperatura de 25±2ºC, UR de 70±10% e fotofase de 14h. Após a eclosão das larvas, discos de folhas de tomateiro e de couve com 2 cm de diâmetro, contendo ovos e ninfas de B. tabaci, respectivamente, foram colocados nos recipientes. A duração e a viabilidade de cada ínstar e da fase pupal de ambas as espécies predadoras alimentadas com diferentes estágios da presa foram avaliados. Larvas de primeiro ínstar de C. externa apresentaram desenvolvimento mais lento quando alimentadas com ovos de B. tabaci biotipo B monstrando influência do estágio da presa fornecida no período de desenvolvimento do predador. O mesmo não ocorreu para a espécie C. cincta. O desenvolvimento de larvas de primeiro ínstar de ambas as espécies predadoras foi semelhante quando foram alimentadas com ovos de B. tabaci; porém C. cincta apresentou período de desenvolvimento mais longo (5,4 dias) comparada a C. externa (4,0 dias) quando alimentada com ninfas da presa. Para larvas de segundo e terceiro ínstares e para a duração da fase larval não houve influência do estágio da presa fornecida (ovo ou ninfa) no período de desenvolvimento. A duração do segundo ínstar foi maior para C. cincta do que para C. externa (4,8 e 4,1 dias, respectivamente). Porém a duração do terceiro instar foi maior e da fase larval foi menor para C. externa (6,6 e 15,3 dias, respectivamente) do que para C. cincta (6,4 e 16,7 dias, respectivamente). A viabilidade dos ínstares foi acima de 90% para ambas as espécies. No entanto, menor porcentagem de viabilidade da fase de pupa foi registrada para C. cincta, quando alimentada com ovos (30%) ou ninfas (55,6%).

Biologia de Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) predando Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sexual dimorphism in Ceraeochrysa cubana (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae)

Sexual dimorphism of green lacewings is discussed, citing previously known examples of this structural phenomenon on the frons, antennal scape, and forewings. Newly recognized dimorphism is cited in Ceraeochrysa cubana for the vertex and abdominal spiracles.

New Neotropical species of Ceraeochrysa Adams (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Species of Ceraeochrysa Adams are distributed from southeast Canada to Argentina. Larvae feed on aphids, thrips, white flies, mites, and neonatal larvae of Lepidoptera in varied agroecosystems. Seven species are known in Venezuela, viz. Ceraeochrysa achillea Freitas & Penny, C. angulata (Navas), C. bitacornua Freitas & Penny, C. caligata (Banks), C. cubana (Hagen), C. everes (Banks), and C. valida (Banks). In this study, three species are described as new to science, Ceraeochrysa melaenopareia sp. nov., Ceraeochrysa pittieri sp. nov., and Ceraeochrysa torresi sp. nov.

A new synonym, a new male description and new geographical records for three Ceraeochrysa species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Ceraeochrysa Adams is the largest genus in Chrysopini with 62 valid species distributed in the New World. The taxonomy of this group is complex and largely based on male genitalic characters. There are still serious complications, especially with the species that have been described solely from female specimens. The male of C. montoyana (Navas, 1913), unknown previously, is herein described for the first time, and compared with its closest relative, C. claveri (Navas, 1911). Ceraeochrysa acutipuppis Adams & Penny, 1985 is designated as a junior synonym of C. fairchildi (Banks, 1946) based on the evidence that both species share external morphological features uncommon in other species of the genus. The species C. claveri, C. fairchildi and C. montoyana are recorded from Venezuela for the first time. External morphology and genitalia of these insects are described and illustrated.

A revision of the New World genus Ceraeochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).

The sixty-four known species of Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982 are described, illustrated, and GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONS given. A preliminary phylogeny of the species is presented. Eleven species are newly described (C. achillea, C. angusta, C. beliaensis, C. bitacornua, C. chiricahuae, C. curvabilis, C. digitata, C. derospogon, C. diverticula, C. forcipata, and C. panamensis). Two species are returned to this genus (C. laufferi and C. placita). Three names are synonymized: Chrysopa silvestrina Navas, 1929 = Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851); Chrysopa gradata Navas, 1913 = Ceraeochrysa effusa (Navas, 1911); and Chrysopa aroguesina Navas, 1929 = Ceraeochrysa laufferi (Navas, 1922). Two new lectotype designations are indicated: Chrysopa cincta Schneider, 1851 and Chrysopa valida Banks, 1895. New status is given to Ceraeochrysa parvula (Banks, 1903).

Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) alimentada com ovos de Diatraea saccharallis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

The lacewings (Ceraeochrysa cincta) are important predators found associated to many pests in several agroecosystems. Eggs of Sitotroga cerealella and Anagasta kuehniella are used traditionally for massal rearing of these predators. Other foods can be used in substitution to the traditional ones, but little is known about the biology of lacewings and other alternative foods. So, this work was carried out to evaluate the effect of different diets on the post-embryonic development of C. cincta in laboratory. After been individualized in glass tubes, each larva was fed with S. cereallella and Diatraea saccharallis. It was evaluated the larvae duration, weight and viability in each instar, the duration, weight and viability of the pupa and pre-pupa stages and the duration of the post-embryonic period. It was adopted a completely randomized design with ten replications per treatment, each consisting of five eggs or larvae of C. cincta. Larvae were weighed 48 hours after hatching and 48 hours after each molt, and pre-pupae and pupae, 48 hours after starting these stages. There was no effect of the kind of food provided on the parameters evaluated. Therefore, D. saccharallis eggs can be used to feed C. cincta.

Aspectos morfométricos de Ceraeochrysa paraguaria (Navás, 1920) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) alimentada com diferentes presas

Ceraeochrysa paraguaria do not has its life history well known, despite its description do not be recent. The present work aimed to evaluate morphometric aspects of C. paraguaria larvae were feeding on Diatraea saccharalis, Sitotroga cerealella e Anagasta kuehniella eggs with the objective to determine the mandibule length, head capsule length, torax + head length, and larvae weight. By the results it was possible to conclude: to the morphometrical parameters, only larvae weight was influenced by the food consumed by the predator, being the nymphal development shorter.

Effects of neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on midgut cells of predatory larvae Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás, 1911) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

The effects of ingested neem oil, a botanical insecticide obtained from the seeds of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica, on the midgut cells of predatory larvae Ceraeochrysa claveri were analyzed. C. claveri were fed on eggs of Diatraea saccharalis treated with neem oil at a concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 2% during throughout the larval period. Light and electron microscopy showed severe damages in columnar cells, which had many cytoplasmic protrusions, clustering and ruptured of the microvilli, swollen cells, ruptured cells, dilatation and vesiculation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, development of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, enlargement of extracellular spaces of the basal labyrinth, intercellular spaces and necrosis. The indirect ingestion of neem oil with prey can result in severe alterations showing direct cytotoxic effects of neem oil on midgut cells of C. claveri larvae. Therefore, the safety of neem oil to non-target species as larvae of C. claveri was refuted, thus the notion that plants derived are safer to non-target species must be questioned in future ecotoxicological studies. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Action of neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on cocoon spinning in Ceraeochrysa claveri (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Neem oil is a biopesticide that disturbs the endocrine and neuroendocrine systems of pests and may interfere with molting, metamorphosis and cocoon spinning. The cocoon serves protective functions for the pupa during metamorphosis, and these functions are dependent on cocoon structure. To assess the changes in cocoon spinning caused by neem oil ingestion, Ceraeochrysa claveri larvae, a common polyphagous predator, were fed with neem oil throughout the larval period. When treated with neem oil, changes were observed on the outer and inner surfaces of the C. claveri cocoon, such as decreased wall thickness and impaired ability to attach to a substrate. These negative effects may reduce the effectiveness of the mechanical and protective functions of cocoons during pupation, which makes the specimen more vulnerable to natural enemies and environmental factors. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Espécies de Ceraeochrysa Adams (Neuroptera: Crysopidae) presentes em pomares de Citrus SPP., na Venezuela

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Efeito do óleo de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) no intestino médio de Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás, 1911) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): estudo citoquímico, imunocitoquímico e ultraestrutural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Toxicidade do óleo de nim (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) na espermatogênese de Ceraeochrysa claveru (NAVÁS, 1911)(Neuroptera: Chysopidae): estudo citoquímico, imunocitoquímico e ultraestrutural

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Side Effects of Neem Oil on the Midgut Endocrine Cells of the Green Lacewing Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navas) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)