Synergistic interaction between gold nanoparticles and nickel phthalocyanine in layer-by-layer (LbL) films: evidence of constitutional dynamic chemistry (CDC)

The concept of constitutional dynamic chemistry (CDC) based on the control of non-covalent interactions in supramolecular structures is promising for having a large impact on nanoscience and nanotechnology if adequate nanoscale manipulation methods are used. In this study, we demonstrate that the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique may be used to produce electroactive electrodes with ITO coated by tetrasulfonated nickel phthalocyanine (NiTsPc) alternated with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) incorporating gold nanoparticles (AuNP), in which synergy has been achieved in the interaction between the nanoparticles and NiTsPc. The catalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in multilayer films was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, where oxidation of H(2)O(2) led to increased currents in the PAH-AuNP/NiTsPc films for the electrochemical processes associated with the phthalocyanine ring and nickel at 0.52 and 0.81 V vs. SCE, respectively, while for PAH/NiTsPc films (without AuNP) only the first redox process was affected. In control experiments we found out that the catalytic activity was not solely due to the presence of AuNP, but rather to the nanoparticles inducing NiTsPc supramolecular structures that favored access to their redox sites, thus yielding strong charge transfer. The combined effects of NiTsPc and AuNP, which could only be observed in nanostructured LbL films, point to another avenue to pursue within the CDC paradigm.

C4d staining in post-reperfusion renal biopsy is not useful for the early detection of antibody-mediated rejection when CDC crossmatching is negative

Background. Sensitized patients (pts) may develop acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) due to preformed donor-specific antibodies, undetected by pre-transplant complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) crossmatch (XM). We hypothesized that C4d staining in 1-h post-reperfusion biopsies (1-h Bx) could detect early complement activation in the renal allograft due to preformed donor-specific antibodies. Methods. To test this hypothesis, renal transplants (n = 229) performed between June 2005 and December 2007 were entered into a prospective study of 1-h Bx and stained for C4d by immunofluorescence. Transplants were performed against a negative T-cell CDC-XM with the exception of three cases with a positive B-cell XM. Results. All 229 1-h Bx stained negative for C4d. Fourteen pts (6%) developed AMR. None of the 14 protocol 1-h Bx stained positive for C4d in peritubular capillaries (PTC). However, all indication biopsies-that diagnosed AMR-performed at a median of 8 days after transplantation stained for C4d in PTC. Conclusions. These data show that C4d staining in 1-h Bx is, in general, not useful for the early detection of AMR when CDC-XM is negative.

Uma nova câmara coletora para armadilha CDC-miniatura

Foram feitas modificações no modelo original da armadilha CDC-miniatura, visando uma maior proteção do material coletado contra-chuvas. Essas alterações garantem o uso do aparalho em áreas de alta pluviosidade.

Composição e atividade de mosquitos Culicidae. Emprego de armadilha CDC no Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Com o emprego da armadilha CDC determinou-se a composição específica da fauna de mosquitos Culicidae em locais com vegetação primária, situados em terras baixas e próximas a mangues, no litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Como resultado geral foram obtidos cerca de 64 espécies ou grupos. Entre as que foram mais freqüentes destacaram-se Culex (Mel.) sacchettae (71,6%), Anopheles (Ker.) cruzii (10,5%), Phoniomiya spp. (8,2%) e Culex (Mel.) taeniopus (2,9%). Também com este método de coleta, nos horários crepuscular vespertino, noturno, ao lado do uso de isca ave e roedor, a dominância nítida foi de Cx. sacchettae, ao contrário do que ocorreu no mesmo local com isca humana, quando An. cruzii foi a espécie predominante. A diversidade calculada para o interior, margem da mata, campo aberto e domicílio, tendo sido de 1,7 a 6,2 revelou fauna relativamente rica para Culicidae. Não obstante a marcante presença de Culex (Cux.) quinquefasciatus no domicílio, foi inesperada a elevada freqüência de Cx. sacchettae. Além disso, a presença proporcional de An. cruzii no solo e copa sugere mobilidade desse anofelino no interior da floresta, enquanto que a sua atividade em ambiente extraflorestal revelou ser restrita. Nesse particular, Cx. sacchettae demonstrou ser espécie ubiqüista e ocorrente durante todos os meses do ano, porém com picos mais elevados nas estações verão e outono.

CDC PC station guide: tutorial

This is a walkthrough guide to install a fresh CDC PC Station on the Flexible Manufacturing Field Trial.

Evaluation of Mid-upper Arm Circumference in Pre-school Children: Comparison Between NCHS/CDC-2000 and WHO-2006 References

We aimed to evaluate the classification of arm circumference (AC) in pre-school children by using National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS/CDC-2000) and World Health Organization (WHO-2006) references. We evaluated 205 children: weight, height and AC were assessed and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The BMI values were classified into Z-scores by the WHO referential. The AC was classified into Z-cores by two references, comparing the whole-sample value and among groups (tercis) of BMI Z-score. The correlation was also evaluated between differences of AC with BMI Z-score. The WHO referential classified the AC in Z-scores greater than the NCHS/CDC, which is more specific and less sensitive than the NCHS/CDC for lean children and at the same time more sensitive and less specific for children with overweight. In conclusion, a significant difference in the AC classification occurs according to the referential used.