Comparative evaluation of fish protein concentrate and functional fish protein concentrate from cat fish

Fish protein concentrate and functional fish protein concentrate samples were prepared from eviscerated meat of cat fish (Tachysurus jella Day). Functional fish protein concentrate is found to be lighter, less gritty and rehydrates more rapidly than fish protein concentrate. Functional FPC is seen to have higher PER and biscuits containing it at levels of 5 and 7 percent are less hard compared to FPC.

Seasonal variations in the total cholesterol content of the liver of cat fish Heteropnuestes fossilis (Bloch)

Variations in the total liver cholesterol content of Heteropnuestes fossilis followed well defined seasonal cycle. A decline was recorded during the period when the gonads were passing through the peak ripe stage. The highest value of the cholesterol was however attained before this phase of gonad maturation. Concentration pattern of liver cholesterol seemed related to variations in the cholesterol metabolism of the fish, necessitated, besides other factors, by the demand for sex hormones. A possibility of the influence of feeding intensity on liver cholesterol content has also been indicated.

Cat fish egg pickle

Cat fish constitutes one of the important fisheries in India. Attempts were made for the better utilization of eggs. This paper describes trials made a favourable product such as pickle.

The application of in vitro sperm competition test to evaluate the impact of ZP-derived peptides on fertilization capacity of cat sperm

The present study aimed to establish a sensitive in vitro assay to assess the binding capacity of cat spermatozoa. Cat oocytes and epididymal sperm cells were isolated from gonads and cultured for in vitro fertilization. Before fertilization, the sperm ce

不同pH缓冲液处理下蚕豆幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性的变化

利用不同pH值的酸碱溶液处理蚕豆或者离体蚕豆叶片,研究酸碱胁迫下蚕豆叶片保护酶活性的变化。结果表明,离体蚕豆叶片处理10 min和30 min的SOD活性相差不大,整株处理5 h的蚕豆叶片SOD活性远大于处理12 h的SOD活性;离体蚕豆叶片和整株蚕豆处理,较长时间处理下的CAT活性基本上高于短时间处理的CAT活性,短时间处理下(10 min、5 h)POD活性均显著低于对照值,较长时间处理(30 min、12h)下POD活性变化的规律性不强,且变化幅度较小。

大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌物中βγ-CAT对血液和心血管系统作用及机制研究

非晶状体βγ-晶状体蛋白(non-lens βγ-crystallin, α-亚基)和三叶因子(trefoil factor, β-亚基) 复合物（non-lens βγ-crystallin and trefoil factor complex, 缩写为βγ-CAT）是从大蹼铃蟾皮肤中分离、纯化的一种新型蛋白, 具有促进细胞迁移、伤口愈合功能，同时还可通过核定位、调节转录因子和炎症相关蛋白诱导细胞脱落、凋亡。βγ-CAT对心血管和血液系统的作用和机制还不清楚。本研究的目的在于深入研究这些问题，为人类重大疾病的研究提供新思路。 首先，我们利用各种整体动物模型，研究了βγ-CAT对心血管系统和血液系统的影响。结果发现βγ-CAT可对白细胞、红细胞、血小板、肝细胞、肾细胞和心血管系统产生毒理作用。βγ-CAT可导致白细胞计数、红细胞计数和血小板计数减少、低血压、心律失常、心肌细胞轻度水肿、部分肺泡淤血、炎症细胞浸润肺泡壁、肝细胞水样变性、肾小管水肿、肾小球淤血和脾脏淤血、高钾血症、血糖升高、转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶升高。我们推测βγ-CAT造成实验动物死亡的主要原因是心功能衰竭、高钾血症和白细胞毒素效应。 其次，为研究βγ-CAT对血管的效应，我们用兔胸主动脉进行了一系列的实验。结果表明，βγ-CAT可引起兔胸主动脉环剂量依赖性收缩，半数有效浓度为（EC50）10 nM; α-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂（酚妥拉明）和5-羟色胺受体阻断剂（S006）不能抑制βγ-CAT的血管收缩效应。因此，我们认为，整体实验观察到的低血压不是由于血管舒张造成的，而是由于βγ-CAT对心肌了产生了抑制效应，并且，βγ-CAT产生的血管收缩效应是通过新的途径引起的。 最后，我们把βγ-CAT导致兔死亡的原因归结为心血管系统衰竭，因为，一方面βγ-CAT抑制心肌使每搏量减少，另一方面它可收缩动脉使心脏的后负荷增加，从而导致重要器官、组织灌注不良而死亡。但导致心功能衰竭的机制还不清楚，于是，我们进行了离体心脏灌流、内皮细胞培养、细胞因子测定、免疫组化、凋亡实验，试图阐明导致动物心力衰竭的机制。首先，我们在离体心脏灌流装置上以恒压和恒流的灌流模式来研究βγ-CAT的心肌变力效应。接下来，我们用高钾去除冠脉血管内皮细胞，以评估内皮细胞在βγ-CAT对心肌的直接效应。最后，我们用βγ-CAT刺激培养的心内皮细胞和主动脉内皮细胞，之后检测细胞因子的释放；并用免疫组化的方法定位冠脉内皮和心肌细胞细胞因子的释放和对这些细胞的凋亡效应。实验一的结果表明，βγ-CAT导致心力衰竭的部分原因是由于βγ-CAT引起的冠脉血管收缩造成；实验二的结果表明，βγ-CAT引起的心力衰竭是内皮依赖的。实验三检测到心内皮、主动脉内皮和冠脉内皮释放TNF-α（TNF-α），高浓度的βγ-CAT还可诱导冠脉内皮凋亡，但不引起心肌细胞凋亡。综上所述，我们认为，冠脉内皮在βγ-CAT引起的心力衰竭中具有较大的贡献，通过冠脉内皮释放细胞因子（如TNF-α）作用于心肌细胞，从而导致收缩能力降低，引起心力衰竭。

Concurrence of cat and tet genes in multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from a sea cucumber and sea urchin mariculture farm in China

A basic understanding of abundance and diversity of antibiotic-resistant microbes and their genetic determinants is necessary for finding a way to prevent and control the spread of antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, chloramphenicol and multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria were screened from a mariculture farm in northern China. Both sea cucumber and sea urchin rearing ponds were populated with abundant antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially marine vibrios. Sixty-five percent chloramphenicol-resistant isolates from sea cucumber harbored a cat gene, either cat IV or cat II, whereas 35% sea urchin isolates harbored a cat gene, actually cat II. The predominant resistance determinant cat IV gene mainly occurred in isolates related to Vibrio tasmaniensis or Pseudoalteromonas atlantica, and the cat II gene mainly occurred in Vibrio splendidus-like isolates. All the cat-positive isolates also harbored one or two of the tet genes, tet(D), tet(B), or tet(A). As no chloramphenicol-related antibiotic was ever used, coselection of the cat genes by other antibiotics, especially oxytetracycline, might be the cause of the high incidence of cat genes in the mariculture farm studied.

Lateralized behaviour in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus

Lateralized behaviour in the felids has been subject to little investigation. We examined the paw use of 42 domestic cats on three tasks designed to determine whether the animals performed asymmetrical motor behaviour. The influence of the cats' sex and age on their paw preferences was also explored. The distribution of the cats' paw preferences differed significantly between the three tasks. Task 1, the most complex exercise involving retrieval of a food treat from an empty jar, encouraged the most apparent display of lateralized behaviour, with all but one animal showing a strong preference to use either their left or right paw consistently. Tasks 2 (an exercise involving reaching for a toy suspended overhead) and 3 (a challenge involving reaching for a toy moving along the ground) encouraged ambilateral motor performance. Lateralized behaviour was strongly sex related. Male and female cats showed paw preferences at the level of the population, but in opposite directions. Females had a greater preference for using their right paw; males were more inclined to adopt their left paw. Feline age was unrelated to either strength or direction of preferred paw use. Overall, the findings suggest that there are two distinct populations of paw preference in the cat that cluster strongly around the animals' sex. The results also point to a relationship between lateralized behaviour and task complexity. More apparent patterns of lateralized behaviour were evident on more complex manipulatory tasks, hinting at functional brain specialization in this species. © 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.