A implementação do você em cartas pessoais norte-riograndenses do século XX

Considering the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (cf. WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006; LABOV, [1972] 2008), in this dissertation, we describe and analyze the process of variation/change involving the personal pronouns tu and você, and its extension in the pronominal paradigm in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), in three sets of personal letters written by people from Rio Grande do Norte (RN) along the 20th century. The discursive universe of those letters is news from the cities in which the informers lived and the themes from their everyday life (trade, jobs, trips, family and politics). Part of the analyzed letters integrate the written by hand minimum corpus of the Projeto de História do Português Brasileiro no Rio Grande do Norte (PHPB-RN). We are based on previous studies about the pronominal system in BP Menon (1995), Faraco (1996), Lopes e Machado (2005), Rumeu (2008), Lopes (2009), Lopes, Rumeu e Marcotulio (2011), Lopes e Marcotulio (2011) e Martins e Moura (2012) , which register the form você replaces tu from the end of the first half of 20th century and attest the following situation: while (a) the imperative verbal forms, (b) the explicit subjects and (c) prepositional complement pronouns are favorable contexts for você, the (d) non imperative verbal forms (with null subject), (e) the non prepositional complement pronoun and (f) the possessive pronoun are contexts of resistance of tu. The results got in this dissertation confirm, partially, the statements defended by the previous studies regarding the favorable contexts for the implementation of você in BP: (i) there are, in the letters from the first two decades of 20th century (1916 to 1925), high frequency of the usage of the form você (98%); (ii) in the personal letters of RN especially in the love letters, in which there are higher recurrence of intimate subjects the discursive universe proved to be itself very relevant in the determination/conditions of the forms of tu; (iii) the unique feminine informer of our sample uses, almost categorically, the forms of tu in letters of the period from 1946 to 1972; (iv) the letters corresponding to the period from 1992 to 1994 present a significant usage of the forms associated to the innovating você, letting appear the change is already implemented in the system of BP and there are, in that set of letters, strong evidences that make us state the pronominal forms of non prepositional complement (accusative/ dative) related to tu are also implemented in a system with an almost categorical usage of você

Construções com tópico marcado em cartas pessoais brasileiras dos séculos XVIII, XIX E XX

This dissertation is a research on the marked topic construction (CT) in Brazilian personal letters from eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The goal of our research is to verify if CT are present in the writing of Brazilians born in the centuries in question. Our research focus is based on the assumptions of generative theory (CHOMSKY 1981; 1986), which states that grammar is internalized in the mind / brain of the writers, with the emphasis on studies of grammatical change, as pointed texts by Paixão de Sousa (2004), Carneiro (2005); Galves, Namiuti and Paixão de Sousa (2006) and Martins (2009). Our corpus was extracted from Projeto Para a História do Português Brasileiro (PHPB) and Cartas Brasileiras coletânea de fontes para o estudo do português. We selected forty-six correspondents who should be inserted into the two criteria set out in this research: to be Brazilian and be born in the centuries mentioned above, so that we could find legitimate topic constructions of PB. This work is based on researches by Pontes (1987), Mateus et al. (2003), Araujo (2006, 2009), Berlinck, Duarte and Oliveira (2009), which actively support us in the study of this linguistic phenomenon in Portuguese. The results show that the marked topic construction in our corpus appear on the writing of Brazilians since the second half of the eighteenth century, while the typical constructions in Brazilian Portuguese locative topic, subject topic and copy topic - are already reflected in the I-language of the writers born in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first of the twentieth century

Cartas pessoais entre crianças brasileiras, portuguesas e angolanas

This article analyzes the data resultant of the accomplishment, between 2008 and 2009, of an extension and research project on the international exchange of letters between teachers and students from elementary schools in the towns of Garça and Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil, with a school in the city of Azaruja, Portugal and another in the city of Luanda, Angola. It was developed by a team of students and teachers, UNESP, Marília, in order to promote the exchange via personal letters for that students, between 8 and 9 years old, could take possession of the written language, in this case Portuguese, and understand it as an instrument steeped in culture. The choice of this kind in the world of the epistolary genre was made because it promotes the participation of the Other in the configuration of dialogic relations in the elaboration of the statements, taken as a reference in a Bakhtinian conception of language. It aimed to (1) point, in the letters exchanged between teachers and students between the Portuguese, Brazilians and Angolans in the early years, the evidence of authorship linguistic behavior that could signal the beginning of autonomy in the use of the written modality of language, or signs of submissive behavior; (2) reveal the cultural content of language tools used to construct indicators listed on the customs of each people, including those constituting school doings. For the generation of data were used principles of action research, which enabled direct action, along with Brazilian teachers, and indirectly, in the case of the foreign teachers. From the analysis of the corpus of research - letters exchanged between teachers and students - it is clear that the appropriation of language as a speech act realized in human relations makes the old personal correspondence a powerful instrument of development in the area of the written language.

Padrões de ordenação de constituintes das construções V2/V3 superficiais em cartas pessoais brasileiras dos séculos 19 e 20

In line with the model of grammar competition (Kroch, 1989; 2001), according to which the change in the syntactic domains is a process that develops via competition between different grammars, we describe and analyze the superficial constructions V2 / V3 in matrices / roots sentences of brazilian personal letters of the 19th and 20th centuries. The corpus, composed by 154 personal letters of Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Norte, is divided into three century halves: (i) latter half of the 19th century; (ii) first half of the 20th century; and (iii) latter half of the 20th century. Our focus was the observation of the nature of preverbal constituents in superficial constructions V2 (verb in second position in the sentence) and V3 (verb in third position in the sentence), with a special attention on the position of the subject. Based on the various diachronical studies about the Portuguese ordination standards (Ambar (1992); Ribeiro (1995, 2001); Paixão de Sousa (2004); Paiva (2011), Coelho and Martins (2009, 2012)), our study sought to realize what are empirical ordination standards that involve superficial constructions V2 / V3 and how these patterns structure syntactically within a formal theoretical perspective (Chomsky, 1981; 1986), more specifically, in accordance with studies of Antonelli (2011), and Costa & Galves (2002). The survey results show that the data from the second half of the 19th century – unlike the first and second half of the 20th century data – have a greater balance in relation to the syntactic nature of preverbal constituent (contiguous or not), so that, in this period, the occurrence of orders with the subject in a preverbal position arrives at, at most, 52% (231/444 data); while in the 48% (213/444 data) remaining, the preverbal constituents are represented by a non-subject constituent, almost always an adverbial adjunct. Seen the results, we advocate that the brazilian personal letters of the 19th century have ordination patterns associated with a V2 system and an SV system, configuring, therefore, a possible competition process between different grammars that instantiate or a V2 system or an SV system. In other words, the brazilian letters of the 19th century instantiate a competition between the grammar of Classic Portuguese (a V2 system) and the grammars of Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese (an SV system). Therefore, that period is subject to the completion of two distinct parametric markings: (i) verb moved to the Fin core (grammar of Classic Portuguese) and (ii) verb moved to the T core (grammar of Brazilian Portuguese /European Portuguese). On the other hand, in the personal letters of the 20th century (first and second halves), there is a clear increase in ordenation patterns associated with the SV system, which shows more stable.

Cartas, escrita e linguagem: a temporalidade em questão

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

As escolhas das letras e caracteres na elaboração de enunciados em cartas e histórias em quadrinhos

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Cartas e escrita: práticas culturais, linguagem e tessitura da amizade

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Linguagens da cidadania: os brasileiros escrevem para a Constituinte de 1987/1988

Esta tese analisa uma amostra de cartas pessoais que integram o fundo documental Coleção Memória da Constituinte, depositado no Arquivo Histórico do Museu da República. Esse fundo reúne documentos produzidos no curso do processo político que resultou na promulgação da atual Constituição Federal brasileira. O Brasil vivenciava um momento de transição democrática, que tinha por objetivo pôr fim ao regime autoritário instalado no país a partir do golpe civil-militar de 1964. A reconstitucionalização colocava-se como a via democrática de luta contra o autoritarismo, recebendo forte e crescente apoio social e tornando-se inclusive um ponto-chave na articulação da eleição indireta de Tancredo Neves e José Sarney à Presidência e Vice-Presidência da República em 1985. Com a eleição e morte de Tancredo, Sarney assume a Presidência e propõe oficialmente a convocação de uma Assembleia Nacional Constituinte no país. Tem início um intenso debate na sociedade e negociações em torno do tipo de Constituinte que se desejava estabelecer, com destaque para a organização de um amplo e bem estruturado movimento social em prol da participação popular na Constituinte, então aclamada como uma condição para a construção de um Brasil verdadeiramente democrático. As cartas analisadas nesta tese inserem-se no quadro das iniciativas de participação na Constituinte empreendidas no país. Elas foram escritas por populares, em razão daquele momento de reconstitucionalização, e enviadas a autoridades do mundo da política. Registram reivindicações, pedidos, comentários, críticas, denúncias e sugestões da população para a futura Constituição. O objetivo da tese é, por um lado, mostrar que essas cartas são formas de participação política, singulares e especiais, que valorizam a dimensão democrática da política. Por outro, identificar os sentidos atribuídos nas cartas às noções de “direitos do cidadão” e “deveres dos representantes políticos”, naquele momento em que o país se colocava a tarefa de elaborar uma nova Constituição – a “Constituição Cidadã”.

O imaginário da mediunidade no processo de escritura em Fernando Pessoa

The answer to creating a fictional world? Repulsion or form of reaction to an outside world? Mental illness, whose brand can be symbolic simulation or depersonalization? Hard to take a stand when the deed is a poet Fernando Pessoa as what is at stake. Notes Schlafman Léo (1998) who, at the age of 20 years, Fernando Pessoa wrote in English, in his diary, "One of my mental complications is the fear of madness, which in itself already is crazy." What rid of madness, notes Robert Bréchon (1986), was the taste of the game and was playing it for your writing. Even though it has rid the madness, the poet does not quit seeking explanations - or provide it - for the phenomena much bother him, or defined.'s where we come across the alignment of Fernando Pessoa within philosophical as occultism and reading about psychological and mental disorders treated. paths were pursued by him to explain the existence of his heteronyms and its entry process. This work therefore presents main objective: to analyze the personal papers of Fernando Pessoa, whose outstanding feature is the presence of occult and alleged mediumship demonstrations held in response to non-literary and heteronímicas. Therefore, I focused on specific goals, which are: a) to study the speech of Fernando Pessoa on his mediumship / occult b) analyzing specific texts that are, for the poet, psychic demonstrations, c) study of a series of excerpts personal letters in which Fernando Pessoa suggested to be a medium. Admittedly, this essay will touch many arguments already made by scholars and experts of Fernando Pessoa, but consider the possibility of developing issues and contribute to the critical fortune of the poet. We assume that announces the Portuguese scholar Jerome Pizarro (2006), one of the greatest scholars of the work Pessoan: those interested in Fernando Pessoa be lost in the maze created by him. It is the image of a person-Minotaur, devouring all but, holding us in its labyrinthine tessitura, as marked by mystery. Will draw on our analysis, a theory aligned themselves to objects of research, whose main authors are Sigmund Freud (1908) Carl Jung (1991.1996). Gaston Bachelard (1996), Helena Blavatsky (2008), among others

A gramaticalização de então no português paulista: um estudo pancrônico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As interrogativas de conteúdo na história do Português brasileir o: uma abordagem discursivo-funcional

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Os caminhos, as pessoas, as idéias: a trajetória política de Gildo Macedo Lacerda, sua rede de sociabilidades e sua geração

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Constituintes pragmáticos em posição inicial: distinção entre Tema, tópico e foco

Este estudo trata da função pragmática Tema, no português oral e escrito, procurando estabelecer uma clara distinção entre esse constituinte e as funções, também pragmáticas, de Tópico e Foco. Para tanto, adota a perspectiva teórica da Gramática Funcional de Dik (1981, 1989) e utiliza, como corpus oral, os materiais do Projeto NURC e, como corpus escrito, textos de jornais, revistas de reportagens e cartas pessoais. O trabalho está dividido em cinco seções: 1. apresenta a justificativa de tal abordagem; 2. os princípios teóricos que embasam o trabalho; 3. fornece a caracterização do constituinte Tema; 4. estabelece a distinção entre as funções pragmáticas de Tema e Tópico; e, finalmente, 5. distingue Foco de Tema.

As interrogativas de conteúdo na história do português brasileiro: uma abordagem discursivo-funcional

Erotilde Goreti Pezatti e Michel Gustavo Fonte tratam, nesta obra, de questões avançadas do campo da Linguística. Eles investigam aqui o uso e a estrutura morfossintática de sentenças interrogativas do português brasileiro, especificamente de sentenças interrogativas diretas que contêm um pronome ou advérbio interrogativo, que neste trabalho foram denominadas Interrogativas de Conteúdo. Durante a pesquisa eles analisaram, com base no funcionalismo de linha holandesa, a estrutura das Interrogativas de Conteúdo na história do português brasileiro, por meio de textos de peças de teatro e cartas pessoais de duas diferentes épocas: séculos 19 e 20. A investigação foi orientada pelo objetivo principal de averiguar e demonstrar os condicionamentos discursivo-pragmáticos envolvidos na estruturação morfossintática das Interrogativas de Conteúdo. Os autores avaliaram especificamente a ordenação do constituinte interrogativo e do sujeito, já que ambos os constituintes podem ocupar ora a posição inicial, ora a posição final da oração. E se voltaram ainda para a separação do constituinte interrogativo em posição inicial por meio dos expletivos é que e que

Cooperación jurisdiccional civil de primer grado : tratamiento de los exhortos o cartas rogatorias

Resumen: Existe una realidad que supera todo, que es la internacionalización de las relaciones jurídicas y el derecho legislado en un país no es ni puede ser autosuficiente para resolver los litigios que se presentan y es allí donde como necesidad sociológica aparece el derecho procesal internacional, como parte integrante del derecho internacional privado. La cooperación jurisdiccional de primer grado es comprensiva de un marco amplio en el plano convencional, que resulta en general adecuado en sus ratificaciones para la República, que a su vez posee regulación interna. La concepción del orden público será más flexible en la cooperación jurisdiccional internacional y no integra el orden público la cosa juzgada en el país, ni la litispendencia, elementos que han de evaluarse al momento del reconocimiento. Este primer grado de cooperación abarca en sentido amplio las distintas vías de comunicación entre las que principalmente se encuentran las comunicaciones de mero trámite, la obtención de pruebas en el extranjero y la información del derecho extranjero. Como vía de comunicación, en su finalidad, el exhorto busca la realización de la justicia. El control de la competencia judicial internacional en los exhortos internacionales como requisito de la obligatoriedad para el juez requerido, es eliminado en las modernas tendencias, limitándose a la compatibilidad de él con el orden público del juez requerido. En este rumbo deberían orientarse las futuras reformas de la legislación interna en la materia.