Carnac's folly,

Mode of access: Internet.

Mégalithes de Carnac, di Golfe du Morbihan et de la Baie de Quiberon

Projet d`Inscrition sur la liste du Patrimoine Mondial de L `UNESCO. Dossier de Confirmation pour la liste indicative

Du document à la donnée et retour. La fourmilière ou les Lumières

Même si le mot est ancien, la référence à la notion de document est récente dans l'Histoire, sans doute en résonance avec l'organisation de la société industrielle, sa régulation et ses valeurs. Au tournant du millénaire, le web s'est appuyé sur un renversement du circuit documentaire, jusqu'à, dans le web de données, un court-circuitage radical. S'agit-il de l'effacement d'une notion périmée au profit d'une autre ou d'un simple décalage ? Le succès du web accompagne des transformations sociales et économiques profondes. Quelles seront alors, sur nos régimes de vérité, de preuve et de transmission, les conséquences de l'éventuelle obsolescence de la notion de document ?

Los primeros agricultores : un proyecto educativo.

El artículo forma parte de una sección fija de la revista dedicada a experiencias de aula

RhoA GTPase and Serum Response Factor Control Selectively the Expression of MyoD without Affecting Myf5 in Mouse Myoblasts

MyoD and Myf5 belong to the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that are key operators in skeletal muscle differentiation. MyoD and Myf5 genes are selectively activated during development in a time and region-specific manner and in response to different stimuli. However, molecules that specifically regulate the expression of these two genes and the pathways involved remain to be determined. We have recently shown that the serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor involved in activation of both mitogenic response and muscle differentiation, is required for MyoD gene expression. We have investigated here whether SRF is also involved in the control of Myf5 gene expression, and the potential role of upstream regulators of SRF activity, the Rho family G-proteins including Rho, Rac, and CDC42, in the regulation of MyoD and Myf5. We show that inactivation of SRF does not alter Myf5 gene expression, whereas it causes a rapid extinction of MyoD gene expression. Furthermore, we show that RhoA, but not Rac or CDC42, is also required for the expression of MyoD. Indeed, blocking the activity of G-proteins using the general inhibitor lovastatin, or more specific antagonists of Rho proteins such as C3-transferase or dominant negative RhoA protein, resulted in a dramatic decrease of MyoD protein levels and promoter activity without any effects on Myf5 expression. We further show that RhoA-dependent transcriptional activation required functional SRF in C2 muscle cells. These data illustrate that MyoD and Myf5 are regulated by different upstream activation pathways in which MyoD expression is specifically modulated by a RhoA/SRF signaling cascade. In addition, our results establish the first link between RhoA protein activity and the expression of a key muscle regulator.

The travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608-1667.

Vol. 5 "edited by the late Lt.-Col. Sir Richard Carnac Temple, bt. ... and Lavinia Mary Anstey."