1000 resultados para Caracterização estrutural de pavimentos
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A avaliação da capacidade de carga de infra-estruturas de transportes em serviço, tendo em vista a estimativa da vida residual e o eventual dimensionamento do reforço da estrutura, é realizada recorrendo cada vez mais a ensaios de carga não destrutivos. Esta metodologia permite depois, através de um processo de retroanálise, estabelecer um modelo de comportamento estrutural que reproduza, de forma tão próxima quanto possível, as condições reais da solicitação de tráfego e a resposta da infra-estrutura. Os métodos analíticos utilizados na avaliação estrutural consistem na verificação da capacidade de carga e estimativa da vida útil da estrutura, através de critérios que relacionam a acção do tráfego e os consequentes estados de tensão e de deformação induzidos nas camadas da estrutura e na fundação. O Deflectómetro de Impacto (FWD) e o Deflectómetro de Impacto Portátil (DIP) são, actualmente, dois dos equipamentos de uso mais generalizado para a realização de ensaios de carga. No presente trabalho é apresentado o estado de arte da avaliação da capacidade de carga de infra-estruturas de transportes, sendo efectuada uma descrição com maior pormenor do FWD e do DIP. São apresentados resultados de alguns estudos efectuados em Portugal e no mundo utilizando estes dois equipamentos. O caso de estudo apresentado nesta dissertação consiste na modelação estrutural de um trecho experimental de uma plataforma ferroviária, efectuada com base em ensaios de carga realizados com o FWD e DIP sobre a camada de sub-balastro granular. Neste contexto foi analisada a eficiência dos ensaios de carga e o grau de correlação entre os resultados obtidos pelos dois equipamentos.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Bioorgânica
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A celulose, principal componente da parede celular vegetal e o composto orgânico mais abundante da biosfera, possui inúmeras aplicações biotecnológicas. O microrganismo anaeróbio Clostridium thermocellum (C.thermocellum) tem sido alvo de grande interesse pela sua capacidade em degradar eficientemente a celulose e outros componentes da parede celular vegetal, por meio de um complexo multi-enzimático altamente eficiente, denominado de celulossoma. A montagem deste complexo ocorre através de uma proteína multi-modular denominada CipA. Esta proteína estrutural possui módulos não catalíticos (coesinas tipo I) que se ligam a módulos complementares (doquerinas tipo I) presentes nas enzimas celulolíticas modulares. A CipA possui ainda um módulo doquerina de tipo II que permite a ancoragem deste complexo multi-enzimático à parede celular da bactéria. Na presente dissertação foram utilizadas as metodologias de Cristalografia de Raios-X, para caracterizar a interação coesina-doquerina a nível atómico e molecular, e de Microarrays, com o intuito de estudar as possíveis especifidades e afinidades dessas interações. Com base na primeira técnica foram elucidadas as estruturas do módulo coesina C4 da CipA em complexo com a doquerina da enzima modular Xyn10B e do módulo coesina C9 isolado. As estruturas foram comparadas com o complexo do módulo coesina C2-doquerina Xyn10B já publicado. Esta análise encontra-se descrita no capítulo 3. Por último, a técnica de Microarrays, associada à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida em condições nativas, permitiu a caracterização das diferenças de afinidade e especificidade entre os vários pares coesina-doquerina dos celulossomas de C. thermocellum e de Rumminococcus flavefaciens (R. flavefaciens). As especificidades e afinidades dos módulos doquerina, dos celulossomas mencionados anteriormente estão descritas no capítulo 4.
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The synthesis of several mono- and bimetallic platinum and palladium complexes are reported. The monometallic complexes are of the type MCl2(PEt3)2L (L=2-aminothiazol; benzothiazol; 2-imidazolidithione; M=Pt; Pd), and the bimetallic complexes (M2Cl4(PEt3) 2L) are derived from them. Infrared spectroscopic characterization of the monometallic complexes shows that the metal centre are coordinated through the N-endocyclic (L=2-aminothiazol; benzothiazol) and through the sulphur when L=2-imidazolidithione. Coordination of a second metal fragment occurs via the sulphur atom (L=2-aminothiazol; benzothiazol) according to infrared studies. 31P{¹H} NMR spectroscopy suggest that the complexes have a cis- configuration since the ¹J Pt-P are around the value found for this type of compound.
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Three mixtures of triterpenes (maniladiol and breine; alpha and beta-amyrin; lupenone, alpha and beta-amyrinone) were isolated from Protium heptaphyllum March resin. The structural identification was based on NMR and mass spectrometry data. Lupenone, and alpha and beta-amyrinone were not reported before as constituents of this resin. The resin was submitted to methylation and acetylation reactions. The pure and derivatized resins and the mixtures (maniladiol and breine; alpha and beta-amyrin) were analyzed by TG and DSC. The TG curves revealed that the derivatization decreases the thermal stability of the resin. The DSC curves showed peaks that can be assigned to evaporation and phase transitions processes.
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The reaction of 4-(phenyl)thiosemicarbazide with isatin yielded a new ligand, isatin-3-(N4-benzylthiosemicarbazone). Isatin-3-(N4-benzylthiosemicarbazone) deprotonated in ethanol/KOH reacts with an ethanolic solution of Hg(NO3)2 to give a mercury complex. The compounds were characterized by IR and X-ray single crystal structure determination. The X-ray studies revealed that the complex possesses a tetrahedral geometry with two deprotonated thiosemicarbazone ligands coordenated. The ligand and its mercury complex crystallize in the monoclinic (P2(1)/c) and triclinic (P-1) crystal system, respectively.
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The knowledge of the structure characteristic of the Organic Matter is important for the understanding of the natural process. In this context aquatic humic substances (principal fraction) were isolated from water sample collected from the two distinct rivers, using procedure recommended for International Humic Substances Society and characterized by elemental analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The results were interpreted using principal component analysis (PCA) and the statistical analyses showed different in the structural characteristics of the aquatic humic substances studied.
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Este estudo caracterizou a Lignina de Madeira Moída (LMM) proveniente de Pinus oocarpa cultivado na região do Cerrado brasileiro. A LMM foi isolada e analisada por meio das espectrometrias no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (IVTF), de ressonância magnética nuclear do próton e carbono-13 e por intermédio de métodos químicos de análise por via úmida. A LMM apresentou uma fórmula mínima igual a C9H9,2O2,6(OCH 3)0,8 e massas molares médias em massa (Mw) e numérica (Mn) de 3.969 e 1.133 Da, respectivamente. A LMM dessa madeira se enquadra dentro das ligninas típicas de coníferas.
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O presente trabalho estuda a obtenção de número estrutural em pavimentos flexíveis existentes. O estudo foi realizado em trechos pertencentes a duas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul, com a mesma formação geológica. De posse dos dados de levantamentos das deflexões obtidos com um equipamento tipo FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer) e, com valores das espessuras dos pavimentos fornecidas pelo DAER-RS, foram realizadas retroanálises de todas as bacias de deformação levantadas, para cada ponto dos trechos estudados. Encontrados os Módulos de Resiliência de cada camada dos pavimentos, foram determinados, através das correlações da AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials), os coeficientes estruturais e conseqüentemente os números estruturais para cada camada de pavimento. Por outro lado, determinou-se o raio de curvatura, para cada ponto levantado pelo equipamento, através da parábola de segundo grau utilizada pelo DNER (Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Rodagens). Verificou-se que os valores de número estrutural dos pavimentos e os raios de curvatura variam em proporções semelhantes, permitindo então a identificação de correlações entre os mesmos. As correlações entre raio de curvatura e número estrutural apresentadas neste trabalho facilitam a obtenção do número estrutural, sem utilizar retroanálises.
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Seaweeds are a major source of biologically active compounds . In the extracellular matrix of these organisms are sulfated polysaccharides that functions as structural components preventing it against dehydration. The fraction 0.9 (FucB) rich in sulfated fucans obtained from brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis was chemical characterized and evaluated for pharmacological activity by testing anticoagulant activity, stimulatory action on the synthesis of an antithrombotic heparan sulfate, antioxidant activity and its effects in cell proliferation. The main components were FucB carbohydrates (49.80 ± 0.10 %) and sulfate (42.30 ± 0.015 %), with phenolic compounds ( 3.86 ± 0.016 %) and low protein contamination ( 0.58 ± 0.001 % ) . FucB showed polydisperse profile and analysis of signals in the infrared at 1262, 1074 and 930 cm -1 and 840 assigned to S = O bonds sulfate esters , CO bond presence of 3,6- anhydrogalactose , β -D- galactose non- sulfated sulfate and the axial position of fucose C4 , respectively. FucB exhibited moderate anticoagulant activity , the polysaccharides prolonged time (aPTT ) 200 ug ( > 90s ) partial thromboplastin FucB no effect on prothrombin time (PT), which corresponds to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation was observed. This stimulation promoted fraction of about 3.6 times the synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) by endothelial cells of the rabbit aorta ( RAEC ) in culture compared with cells not treated with FucB . This has also been shown to compete for the binding site with heparin. The rich fraction sulfated fucans exhibited strong antioxidant activity assays on total antioxidant (109.7 and 89.5 % compared with BHT and ascorbic acid standards ) , reducing power ( 71 % compared to ascorbic acid ) and ferric chelation ( 71 , comparing with 5 % ascorbic acid). The fraction of algae showed cytostatic activity on the RAEC cells revealed that the increase of the synthesis of heparan sulfate is not related to proliferation. FucB showed antiproliferative action on cell lines modified as Hela and Hep G2 by MTT assay . These results suggest that FucB Dictyota menstrualis have anticoagulant , antithrombotic , antioxidant potential as well as a possible antitumor action, promoting the stimulation of the synthesis of antithrombotic HS by endothelial cells and is useful in the prevention of thrombosis, also due to its inhibitory action on species reactive oxygen ( ROS ) in some in vitro systems , being involved in promoting a hypercoagulable state
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The alginic acid or alginates are acidic polysaccharides found in brown seaweed widely used in food, cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industry. This paper proposes the extraction, chemical characterization and verification of the pharmacological activities of brown seaweed variegata Lobophora . The alginate was extracted from the seaweed Lobophora variegata and part was sulphated for comparative purposes. The native extract showed 42% total sugar, 65% uronic acid, 0,36 % protein and 0% of sulfate, while the sulfate showed 39% , 60%, 0.36% and 27,92 % respectively. The presence of a sulfate group may be observed by the metachromasia with toluidine blue in electrophoresis system and characteristic vibration 1262,34 cm-1 in infrared spectroscopy connections assigned to S = O. We observed the formation of films and beads of native alginate, where more concentrated solution 6% resulted in a thicker and more consistent film. Native alginate showed proliferative activity at concentrations (25 and 50 mcg), (50 mg) and (100 mg) in 3T3 cell line in 24h, 48h and 72h, respectively , as the sulfated (100 mg) in 24 . Also showed antiproliferative or cytotoxic activity in HeLa cells of strain, (25 and 100 mg), (25 and 100 mg) and (25, 50 and 100 mg), to native, now for the sulfate concentrations (100 mg) in 24 (25, 50 and 100 mg) in 48 hours, and (50 and 100 mg ) 72h. For their antioxidant activity, the sulfated alginates have better total antioxidant activity reaching 29 % of the native activity while 7.5 % of activity . For the hydroxyl radical AS showed high inhibition ( between 77-83 % ) in concentrations, but the AN surpassed these numbers in the order of 78-92 % inhibition. The reducing power of AN and AS ranged between 39-82 % . In the method of ferric chelation NA reached 100 % chelating while the AS remained at a plateau oscillating 6.5%. However, in this study , we found alginates with promising pharmacological activities, to use in various industries as an antioxidant / anti-tumor compound
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Nowadays, composite resins are the direct restorative materials more important in dental clinical performance, due to their versatility and aesthetic excellence. Bis-GMA (2,2-bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-metacryloxypropoxy)phenil]propane) is the base monomer more frequently used in restorative composite resins. However, this monomer presents some disadvantages, such as high viscosity and two aromatic rings in its structure that can promote allergic reactions to the humans. In this work, the main purpose was to synthesize new monomers from glycidyl methacrylate to use in dental restorative materials. Structural characterization of the monomers was carried out through FTIR and NMR 1H, and eight composites were produced from the new monomers, by addition of silane-treated alumino silicate particles (inorganic filler) and a photocuring system (camphorquinone and ethyl 4-dimethylaminebenzoate). The composites were analyzed by environmental scanning electronic microscopy and the water sorption and solubility, compressive strength and elastic modulus were determined. A commercial composite resin [Z100 (3M)] was used to comparison effect. The new composites presented general characteristics similar to the commercial ones; however, they didn t present the properties expected. This behavior was attributed to the lower degree of monomer reaction and to the granulometry and size distribution of the mineral filler in the polymeric matrix
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)