Difusión de ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación en la historia argentina reciente. Intervención económica estatal y comportamiento empresario, 1966-1989

Una mirada atenta sobre la historia argentina reciente muestra con claridad la conjunción de tres fenómenos relacionados: la persistente dificultad para construir un patrón de desarrollo sostenido, el progresivo deterioro de las capacidades y de los niveles de autonomía relativa del Estado y, finalmente, la consolidación de un reducido grupo de grandes empresas. A partir de esta observación, se propone analizar la articulación entre intervención estatal, comportamiento empresario y difusión de ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación, y establecer las consecuencias que la misma generó sobre el perfil y desempeño de las diversas fracciones que componen la cúpula empresaria, entre 1966 y 1989. Dos hipótesis orientan la indagación: 1) la intervención económica estatal y las prácticas empresarias favorecieron la difusión de diversos ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación, y 2) la difusión de los ámbitos permitió la consolidación de una fracción empresaria estrechamente vinculada al funcionamiento del complejo económico estatal-privado.

Difusión de ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación en la historia argentina reciente. Intervención económica estatal y comportamiento empresario, 1966-1989

Una mirada atenta sobre la historia argentina reciente muestra con claridad la conjunción de tres fenómenos relacionados: la persistente dificultad para construir un patrón de desarrollo sostenido, el progresivo deterioro de las capacidades y de los niveles de autonomía relativa del Estado y, finalmente, la consolidación de un reducido grupo de grandes empresas. A partir de esta observación, se propone analizar la articulación entre intervención estatal, comportamiento empresario y difusión de ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación, y establecer las consecuencias que la misma generó sobre el perfil y desempeño de las diversas fracciones que componen la cúpula empresaria, entre 1966 y 1989. Dos hipótesis orientan la indagación: 1) la intervención económica estatal y las prácticas empresarias favorecieron la difusión de diversos ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación, y 2) la difusión de los ámbitos permitió la consolidación de una fracción empresaria estrechamente vinculada al funcionamiento del complejo económico estatal-privado.

Difusión de ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación en la historia argentina reciente. Intervención económica estatal y comportamiento empresario, 1966-1989

Una mirada atenta sobre la historia argentina reciente muestra con claridad la conjunción de tres fenómenos relacionados: la persistente dificultad para construir un patrón de desarrollo sostenido, el progresivo deterioro de las capacidades y de los niveles de autonomía relativa del Estado y, finalmente, la consolidación de un reducido grupo de grandes empresas. A partir de esta observación, se propone analizar la articulación entre intervención estatal, comportamiento empresario y difusión de ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación, y establecer las consecuencias que la misma generó sobre el perfil y desempeño de las diversas fracciones que componen la cúpula empresaria, entre 1966 y 1989. Dos hipótesis orientan la indagación: 1) la intervención económica estatal y las prácticas empresarias favorecieron la difusión de diversos ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación, y 2) la difusión de los ámbitos permitió la consolidación de una fracción empresaria estrechamente vinculada al funcionamiento del complejo económico estatal-privado.

Migration, human capital accumulation and economic development

We study how the possibility of migration changes the composition of human capital in sending countries, and how this affects development. In our model, growth is driven by productivity growth, which occurs via imitation or innovation. Both activities use the same types of skilled labour as input, albeit with different intensities. Heterogenous agents accumulate skills in response to economic incentives. Migration distorts these incentives, and the accumulation of human capital. This slows down, or even hinders, economic development. The effect is stronger, the farther away the country is from the technological frontier. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mandatory profit sharing, entrepreneurial incentives and capital accumulation

The impact of a mandatory tax on profits which is transferred to workers is analyzed in a general equilibrium entrepreneurial model. In the short run, this distortion reduces the number of firms and the aggregate output. In the long run, if capital and labor are bad substitutes, it fosters capital accumulation and increases the aggregate output. In a small open economy with free movement of capital, it improves the welfare of the economy's average individual. One concludes that the benefits of sharing schemes may go beyond the short run employment-stabilization goal focused by the profit sharing literature.

A model of capital accumulation and rent-seeking

A simple model incorporating rent-seeking into the standard neoclassical model of capital accumulation is presented. It embodies the idea that the performance of an economy depends on the efficiency of its institutions. It is shown that welfare is positively affected by the institutional efficiency, although output is not necessarily so. It is also shown that an economy with a monopolistic rent-seeker performs better than one with a competitive rent-seeking industry.

Money supply and capital accumulation on the transition path revisited

Fischer (1979) and Asako (1983) analyze the sign of the correlation between the growth rate of money and the rate of capital accumulation on the transition path. Both plug a CRRA utility (based on a Cobb-Douglas and a Leontief function, respectively) into Sidrauski's model - yet return contrasting results. The present analysis, by using a more general CES utility, presents both of those settings and conclusions as limiting cases, and generates economic gures more consistent with reality (for instance, the interest-rate elasticity of the money demands derived from those previous works is necessarily 1 and 0, respectively).

Microeconomic instability and children's human capital accumulation: the effects of idiosyncratic shocks to father's income on child labor, school drop-outs and repetition rates in Brazil

This paper evaluates the long-run effects of economic instability. In particular, we study the impact of idiosyncratic shocks to father’s income on children’s human capital accumulation variables such as school drop-outs, repetition rates and domestic and non-domestic labor. Although, the problem of child labor in Brazil has declined greatly during the last decade, the number of children working is still substantial. The low levels of educational attainment in Brazil are also a main cause for concern. The large rotating panel data set used allows for the estimation of the impacts of changes in occupational and income status of fathers on changes in his child’s time allocation circumstances. The empirical analysis is restricted to families with fathers, mothers and at least one child between 10 and 15 years of age in the main Brazilian metropolitan areas during the 1982-1999 period. We perform logistic regressions controlling for child characteristics (gender, age, if he/she is behind in school for age), parents characteristics (grade attainment and income) and time and location variables. The main variables analyzed are dynamic proxies of impulses and responses, namely: shocks to household head’s income and unemployment status, on the one hand and child’s probability of dropping out of school, of repeating a grade and of start working, on the other. The findings suggest that father’s income has a significant positive correlation with child’s dropping out of school and of repeating a grade. The findings do not suggest a significant relationship between a father’s becoming unemployed and a child entering the non-domestic labor market. However, the results demonstrate a significant positive relationship between a father becoming unemployed and a child beginning to work in domestic labor. There was also a positive correlation between father becoming unemployed and a child dropping out and repeating a grade. Both gender and age were highly significant with boys and older children being more likely to work, drop-out and repeat grades.

Mandatory profit sharing, entrepreneurial incentives and capital accumulation

The impact of a mandatory tax on profits which is transferred to workers is analyzed in a general equilibrium entrepreneurial model. In the short run, this distortion reduces the number of fmns and the aggregate output. In the long run, if capital and labor are bad substitutes, it fosters capital accumulation and increases the aggregate output. In a small open economy with free movement of capital, it improves the welfare of the economy's average individual. One concludes that the benefits of sharing schemes may go beyond the short run employment-stabilization goal focused by the profit sharing literature.