Metodologia para a homologação dos equipamentos do Sistema Canal Azul da Carne - MHECAC.

Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta a Metodologia para a Homologação dos Equipamentos do Sistema Canal Azul da Carne - MHECAC. Esta proposta de metodologia é complementar ao desenvolvimento do Sistema Canal Azul da Carne e tem o objetivo de apoiar o MAPA (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento) no estabelecimento de um processo de verificação da conformidade de equipamentos, buscando garantir a interoperabilidade, o desempenho e a segurança de seus componentes de hardware. O Sistema Canal Azul é uma realização do MAPA em conjunto com o GAESI da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP) e a iniciativa privada, e tem o objetivo de reduzir o tempo empregado nos processos de exportação de carnes no Brasil. A MHECAC baseia-se na estrutura de processo de avaliação de conformidade estabelecida pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Avaliação da Conformidade - SBAC e seus requisitos gerais podem ser aplicados à avaliação de conformidade de produtos em setores variados. No desenvolvimento da MHECAC foram aplicadas as principais referências técnicas e normativas correspondentes aos equipamentos que compõe a arquitetura do sistema Canal Azul. Além disto, foram definidos os modelos de homologação, auditoria e inspeção, os planos de amostragem, os requisitos mínimos e a metodologia de ensaio. A MHECAC subdivide-se em dois segmentos principais. O primeiro apresenta os requisitos gerais para o estabelecimento de sistemas de avaliação da conformidade e certificação de produtos, a aplicação destes requisitos não se limita ao Sistema Canal Azul, e o segundo apresenta requisitos específicos ao sistema estabelecido pelo MAPA. A aplicação da MHECAC favorece o tratamento isonômico de fornecedores e é um importante balizador para a seleção de equipamentos, pois permite a qualificação e a comparação de soluções, por meio de um embasamento técnico, pautado pela qualidade.

Is there a difference between narrowing of the spinal canal and neurological deficits comparing Denis and Magerl classifications?

We have read with great interest the retrospective study by Caffaro and Avanzi1 evaluating the relation between narrowing of the spinal canal and neurological deficits in patients with burst-type fractures of the spine. The authors are to be commended for obtaining detailed neurological and radiological data in a large cohort of 227 patients. The authors conclude: “The percentage of narrowing of the spinal canal proved to be a pre-disposing factor for the severity of the neurological status in thoracolumbar and lumbar burst-type fractures according to the classifications of Denis and Magerl.” Although this conclusion is mainly in accordance with previous findings, we would like to comment on the methodological approach applied in the current study.

Porous Ca-Si-based nanospheres : a potential intra-canal disinfectant-carrier for infected canal treatment

The aim of this study is to develop a new intra-canal disinfectant-carrier for infected canal treatment. To achieve this purpose, a new porous Ca-Si (CS)-based nanosphere was synthesized and characterized. Results showed that the nanospheres can infiltrate into dentinal tubules and released the ampicillin over one week time in a sustained manner. The release of ampicillin from spheres has significantly antibacterial property. Extensive and well-organized in vitro mineralization and crystallization of apatite were induced on the surface of dentin slices covered by CS nanospheres. All these features indicate that the porous CS nanospheres may be developed into a new intra-canal disinfectant-carrier for infected canal treatment.

Revascularization and tissue regeneration of an empty root canal space is enhanced by a direct blood supply and stem cells

Background Regenerative endodontics is an innovative treatment concept aiming to regenerate pulp, dentin and root structures. In the diseased or necrotic tooth, the limitation in vascular supply renders successful tissue regeneration/generation in a whole tooth challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of vascularized tissue to develop within a pulpless tooth using tissue engineering techniques. Materials and methods A pulpless tooth chamber, filled with collagen I gel containing isolated rat dental pulp cells (DPC) and angiogenic growth factors, was placed into a hole created in the femoral cortex or into its own tooth socket, respectively. The gross, histological and biochemical characteristics of the de novo tissue were evaluated at 4 and 8weeks post-transplantation. Results Tooth revascularization and tissue generation was observed only in the femur group, confirming the important role of vascular supply in tissue regeneration. The addition of cells and growth factors significantly promoted connective tissue production in the tooth chamber. Conclusion Successful revascularization and tissue regeneration in this model demonstrate the importance of a direct vascular supply and the advantages of a stem cell approach. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

A fuzzy logic based dynamic wave model inversion algorithm for canal regulation

A fuzzy logic based centralized control algorithm for irrigation canals is presented. Purpose of the algorithm is to control downstream discharge and water level of pools in the canal, by adjusting discharge release from the upstream end and gates settings. The algorithm is based on the dynamic wave model (Saint-Venant equations) inversion in space, wherein the momentum equation is replaced by a fuzzy rule based model, while retaining the continuity equation in its complete form. The fuzzy rule based model is developed on fuzzification of a new mathematical model for wave velocity, the derivational details of which are given. The advantages of the fuzzy control algorithm, over other conventional control algorithms, are described. It is transparent and intuitive, and no linearizations of the governing equations are involved. Timing of the algorithm and method of computation are explained. It is shown that the tuning is easy and the computations are straightforward. The algorithm provides stable, realistic and robust outputs. The disadvantage of the algorithm is reduced precision in its outputs due to the approximation inherent in the fuzzy logic. Feed back control logic is adopted to eliminate error caused by the system disturbances as well as error caused by the reduced precision in the outputs. The algorithm is tested by applying it to water level control problem in a fictitious canal with a single pool and also in a real canal with a series of pools. It is found that results obtained from the algorithm are comparable to those obtained from conventional control algorithms.

Analysis of transients in a canal network

A generalised formulation of the mathematical model developed for the analysis of transients in a canal network, under subcritical flow, with any realistic combination of control structures and their multiple operations, has been presented. The model accounts for a large variety of control structures such as weirs, gates, notches etc. discharging under different conditions, namely submerged and unsubmerged. A numerical scheme to compute and approximate steady state flow condition as the initial condition has also been presented. The model can handle complex situations that may arise from multiple gate operations. This has been demonstrated with a problem wherein the boundary conditions change from a gate discharge equation to an energy equation and back to a gate discharge equation. In such a situation the wave strikes a fixed gate and leads to large and rapid fluctuations in both discharge and depth.

Estudio descriptivo del rendimiento y espesor de la grasa dorsal en la canal de cerdos alimentados con diferentes tipos de dietas

El presente estudio se realizó en la Granja Santa Rosa, ubicada en el km 13 a los 86° 09 36" longitud oeste y los 12° 08 15" latitud norte, al norte de la comunidad de Sabana Grande, Municipio de Managua, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. Entre los meses de Septiembre y Diciembre de 1998. El objetivo principal del estudio fue la evaluación del Rendimiento en canal y Espesor de Grasa Dorsal en cerdos alimentados bajo los siguientes tratamientos: 10-0 % concentrado (TI), l00 % desperdicios de cocina (T2), 50 % desperdicios de cocina más 50% desperdicios de molinería (T3), 50% desperdicios de cocina más 50% desperdicios de galleta (T4) y 50% desperdicios de cocina más 25% desperdicios de galleta más 25 % desperdicios de maseca (T5). Se utilizó un análisis descriptivo, siendo las variables principales Rendimiento en Canal y Espesor de Grasa Dorsal Se sacrificaron 10 cerdos híbridos (5 hembras y 5 machos castrados), de un total de 40 animales, distribuidos en grupos de 8 cerdos (4 hembras y 4 machos castrados) por Cada tratamiento, sacrificados a un peso vivo promedio de 90 kg. El T2 presentó el mayor rendimiento en canal con un 81.20 %, superando en 3.95 % al TI Los cerdos alimentados con los tratamientos T2, T4 y T5 obtuvieron mayor rendimiento en canal que los cerdos de los tratamientos TI y T3. En todos los tratamientos exceptuando l00 % desperdicio de cocina los machos castrados tuvieron mayor espesor de grasa dorsal que las hembras estas diferencias oscilan entre 0.2 y 1.5 cm coo un promedio de 0.85 cm. Los cerdos alimentados con los tratamientos TI y T2 obtuvieron un mayor porcentaje de carne y costillas que los alimentados con el resto de los tratamientos. El tratamiento T3 obtuvo mayor porcentaje de cabeza que el resto de los tratamientos. El porcentaje de hueso fue mayor en los cerdos de los tratamientos TI, T2 y T3.

Evaluación del crecimiento y producción de turiones de espárrago verde (Asparagus officinalis L.) producidos bajo dos sistemas de inicio, arañas y plantines, en Azul, Buenos Aires

En dos plantaciones de espárrago verde (Asparagus officinalis L.) en el centro de la Pcia. de Buenos Aires, del cultivar UC 157 F2, iniciadas con arañas y plantines, durante su primer año de cosecha, se determinó la tasa de elongación diaria y total hasta el momento de la ramificación de los turiones, el número de días hasta alcanzar el largo exportable (22.5 cm) y los días hasta el momento de la ramificación con el objetivo de estudiar su comportamiento en la zona centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Las mediciones se efectuaron durante seis semanas, desde el 26 de septiembre hasta el 4 de noviembre de 2005, desde la emergencia del turión hasta el día de su ramificación (rama de 5 mm sobre su bráctea). La elongación máxima hasta el día de ramificación en promedio y para ambos sistemas de inicio, varió 2 desde 35.3 cm al principio de la cosecha hasta 22.8 cm al final de la misma. Las tasas de elongación relativas variaron en promedio para ambos sistemas de inicio, entre 0.11 cm cm-1 d-1 y 0.38 cm cm-1 d-1 dependiendo de la temperatura del aire. Al mismo tiempo las parcelas constituyentes del ensayo fueron sometidas a una cosecha comercial durante las seis semanas de evaluación. Los espárragos cosechados constituyeron el rendimiento total (kg ha-1) para cada sistema de inicio entre los cuales no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Este estudio permitiría explicar las diferencias de rendimiento comercial para un mismo cultivar en diferentes zonas de producción. Se concluye que para una zona dada, la elongación y sobre todo la ramificación, son variables prioritarias para la determinación del potencial productivo de un cultivar, debiendo tener en cuenta las condiciones de temperatura en las cual se pretende producir este cultivo y el mercado de destino de la producción debido a las mercadas preferencias entre sus consumidores.

Intoxicación experimental en terneros Holstein con Ageratum houstonianum Mill (Celestina azul) y Lantana camara L. (Filigrana, Verbena Morada, Cinco negritos)

La fotosensibilización hepatógena se estudia por los servicios veterinarios desde el siglo pasado, estableciéndose una de las causales de ésta enfermedad la Lantana camara (verbena morada), donde los animales presentaban hemorragias y dermatitis, no reportándose la presencia de plantas fotosensibilizadoras, ni dermatitis ocasionada por otra causa según los resultados laboratoriales, sólo la evidencia del consumo junto al forraje de la planta Ageratum houstonianum Mill. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar algunos efectos tóxicos de las plantas A. houstonianum y L. camara en terneros y se realizó a partir de la formación de dos grupos de animales (terneros) intoxicados experimentalmente con A. houstonianum y L. camara basado en las regulaciones de bienestar animal para los casos estudiados. Se estudiaron aspectos relacionados con la triada, tiempo de sangramiento y de coagulación en los que hubo evidencias de alteración para los parámetros fisiológicos de la especie en los animales tratados. Los análisis estadísticos se basaron en t student y regresión lineal.

Descriptions of two new species of nun birds from Panama

Two new species of Monasa are among the interesting birds collected by E. A. Goldman while working on the Smithsonian Biological Survey of Panama during the winter of 1911. They were collected at the same locality on the base of Cerro Azul, northwest from Chepo, and only a single specimen of each was obtained. No others were seen during the entire season in the Canal Zone and adjacent territory...(Document contains 4 pages)

The Corogal: one of the big dredges in Culebra Cut, Panama Canal (ca. 1914)

Leonard Carpenter Panama Canal Collection. Photographs: Dredging, Soldiers, and Ships. [Box 1] from the Special Collections & Area Studies Department, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida.